94/67/EC - Incineration of hazardous waste

This European Standard specifies requirements for the calibration and validation (QAL2), the ongoing quality assurance during operation (QAL3) and the annual surveillance test (AST) of automated measuring systems (AMS) used for monitoring dust emissions from stationary sources to demonstrate compliance with emission limit values (ELV) below 50 mg/m3 at standard conditions. It specifically deals with measurements in wet gases and at low concentrations.
This document is derived from EN 14181 and is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This document is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13284-1.

This European Standard specifies the identification and quantification procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this standard, EN 1948-1:2006 and EN 1948-2:2006, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng ITEQ/ m3 in stationary source emissions. This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF identification and quantification methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures. Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure. During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources. The procedure described in the three parts of EN 1948:2006 specifies requirements in order to measure every 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDD/PCDF congener required to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of EN 1948-1:2006). Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are available yet.

This European Standard specifies specific requirements on automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring of total mercury. It is derived from EN 14181, which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMS. It is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This European Standard sets specific requirements for the quality assurance levels and annual surveillance test as specified in EN 14181, for mercury AMS used for proving that the mercury emissions from a source are compliant with emission limits below 0,5 mg/m3  ) (standard conditions) in ducted gaseous streams. This European Standard is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13211.
This European Standard is primarily developed for emissions from waste incinerators. From a technical point of view, it may be applied to other processes, for which measurement at an emission limit is required with defined uncertainty.

This European Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-2 and EN 1948-3 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This European Standard has been developed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions. This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF sampling. The user has the possibility to choose between three different methods: "filter/condenser method" "dilution method" "cooled probe method" Each sampling method is illustrated by some sampling systems described in detail in Annex B as examples of proven procedures. During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources. The procedure described in the three parts of EN 1948 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1). Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are available yet.

This European Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-1:2006 and EN 1948-3:2006 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions. This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF extraction and clean-up methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures. Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure. During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources. The procedure described in the three parts of EN 1948:2006 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of EN 1948-1:2006). Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are available yet.

This European Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts prEN 1948-2:2005 and
prEN 1948-3:2005 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been developed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF sampling.
The user has the possibility to choose between three different methods:
-   "filter/condenser method"
-   "dilution method"
-   "cooled probe method"
Each sampling method is illustrated by some sampling systems described in detail in Annex B as examples of proven procedures.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are avail

This European Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts prEN 1948-1:2005 and prEN 1948-3:2005 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about
0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF extraction and clean-up methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures.
Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of
prEN 1948-1:2005).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses se

This European Standard specifies the identification and quantification procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this standard, prEN 1948-1:2005 and prEN 1948-2:2005, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF identification and quantification methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures.
Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of  prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements in order to measure every 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDD/PCDF congener required to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of prEN 1948-1:2005).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-

This European Standard specifies specific requirements on automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring of total mercury. It is derived from EN 14181, which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMS. It is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This European Standard sets specific requirements for the quality assurance levels and annual surveillance test as specified in EN 14181, for mercury AMS used for proving that the mercury emissions from a source are compliant with emission limits below 0,5 mg/m3  ) (standard conditions) in ducted gaseous streams. This European Standard is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13211.
This European Standard is primarily developed for emissions from waste incinerators. From a technical point of view, it may be applied to other processes, for which measurement at an emission limit is required with defined uncertainty.

TC - Addition of a caution notice after 6.3.2

TC - Addition of a caution notice after 6.3.2

This European Standard specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of specific elements in exhaust gases from hazardous waste incinerators. The method is applicable to each of the specific elements in the concentration range of 0,005 mg/m3 to 0,5 mg/m3. Unless otherwise stated, gas volumes are expressed at dry conditions, normalised to 273 K and oxygen content 101,3 kPa, and normalized to a dry oxygen content of 11 % on the volume/volume basis.
Specific elements according to this European standard are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V).
This European standard is validated for the determination of the mass concentration of specific ele-ments in incineration exhaust gases with the composition given in Table 1.
This European standard is also applicable for exhaust gases from other sources with a similar flue gas composition.

This European Standard specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of specific elements in exhaust gases from hazardous waste incinerators. The method is applicable to each of the specific elements in the concentration range of 0,005 mg/m3 to 0,5 mg/m3. Unless otherwise stated, gas volumes are expressed at dry conditions, normalised to 273 K and oxygen content 101,3 kPa, and normalized to a dry oxygen content of 11 % on the volume/volume basis.
Specific elements according to this European standard are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V).
This European standard is validated for the determination of the mass concentration of specific ele-ments in incineration exhaust gases with the composition given in Table 1.
This European standard is also applicable for exhaust gases from other sources with a similar flue gas composition.

This European standard specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of mercury in exhaust gases from ducts and chimneys. The method is applicable for the concentration range of total mercury from 0,001 to 0,5 mg/m3 in exhaust gases with the following composition: total suspended matter from 0 to 20 mg/m3; CxHy from 0 to 10 mg/m3; HCl from 0 to 50 mg/m3; HF from 0 to 10 mg/m3; SO2 from 0 to 250 mg/m3; NOx from 0 to 500 mg/m3; CO2 from 0 to 15 vol%; H2O (g) from 10 to 25 vol% (actual); O2 from 8 to 15 vol% (dry, actual); temperature from 60 to 140°C.

This European standard specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of mercury in exhaust gases from ducts and chimneys. The method is applicable for the concentration range of total mercury from 0,001 to 0,5 mg/m3 in exhaust gases with the following composition: total suspended matter from 0 to 20 mg/m3; CxHy from 0 to 10 mg/m3; HCl from 0 to 50 mg/m3; HF from 0 to 10 mg/m3; SO2 from 0 to 250 mg/m3; NOx from 0 to 500 mg/m3; CO2 from 0 to 15 vol%; H2O (g) from 10 to 25 vol% (actual); O2 from 8 to 15 vol% (dry, actual); temperature from 60 to 140°C.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the calibration and validation (QAL2), the ongoing quality assurance during operation (QAL3) and the annual surveillance test (AST) of automated measuring systems (AMS) used for monitoring total mercury emissions from stationary sources to demonstrate compliance with an emission limit value (ELV). This document is derived from EN 14181 and is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This document is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13211.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the calibration and validation (QAL2), the ongoing quality assurance during operation (QAL3) and the annual surveillance test (AST) of automated measuring systems (AMS) used for monitoring total mercury emissions from stationary sources to demonstrate compliance with an emission limit value (ELV). This document is derived from EN 14181 and is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This document is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13211.

This Part of EN 13284 specifies specific requirements on automated measuring systems (AMS) for dust monitoring. It is derived from EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMS. It is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This part of EN 13284 specifies test criteria for the QAL1 and specific requirements for QAL2, QAL3 and AST for dust AMS used for proving that the dust emissions from a source are compliant with emission limits below 50 mg/m3 (standard conditions) in ducted gaseous streams. This part of EN 13284 is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13284-1.
This part of EN 13284 is primarily developed for emissions from waste incinerators. From a technical point of view, it may be applied to other processes, for which measurement at an emission limit is required with defined uncertainty.

This European Standard specifies a reference method for the measurement of low dust concentration in ducted gaseous streams in the concentrations below 50 mg/m3 standard conditions. This method has been validated with special emphasis around 5 mg/m3 on an average half hour sampling time.
This European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators. More generally, it may be applied to gases emitted from stationary sources, and to higher concentrations.
If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement depend on the sampling and filter treatment conditions.

This Part of EN 13284 specifies specific requirements on automated measuring systems (AMS) for dust monitoring. It is derived from EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMS. It is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This part of EN 13284 specifies test criteria for the QAL1 and specific requirements for QAL2, QAL3 and AST for dust AMS used for proving that the dust emissions from a source are compliant with emission limits below 50 mg/m3 (standard conditions) in ducted gaseous streams. This part of EN 13284 is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13284-1.
This part of EN 13284 is primarily developed for emissions from waste incinerators. From a technical point of view, it may be applied to other processes, for which measurement at an emission limit is required with defined uncertainty.

This European Standard specifies a reference method for the measurement of low dust concentration in ducted gaseous streams in the concentrations below 50 mg/m3 standard conditions. This method has been validated with special emphasis around 5 mg/m3 on an average half hour sampling time.
This European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators. More generally, it may be applied to gases emitted from stationary sources, and to higher concentrations.
If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement depend on the sampling and filter treatment conditions.

This European Standard describes a manual method for sampling and determining SO2 content in ducts and stacks emitting to the atmosphere by two analytical methods: Ion chromatography and Thorin method.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20,0 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of (0,5   2 000) mg/m3 SO2 for Ion Chromatography variant and 5 mg/m3 - 2 000 mg/m3 SO2 for Thorin method according to emission limit values laid down in the following Council Directives:
3   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
3   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The limit values of EU Directives are expressed in mg SO2/m3, on dry basis and at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.

This European Standard describes the condensation/adsorption technique, including the sampling system, to determine the water vapour concentration in the flue gases emitting to atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This technique is usually used all over Europe for water vapour monitoring. However to be implemented as the Standard Reference Method (SRM), the user has to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20 percent of the measured value. This European Standard as the Standard Reference Method (SRM) is used for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
The determination of water vapour is mainly necessary for:
   regulatory purposes, to express the concentration at standard conditions (on dry gas);
   adjust the flow rate for isokinetic sampling, when a dry gas flow rate metering device is used.
For both applications, the quantity to be measured is the amount of water present in the gas phase (vapour), which does not include water droplets.
This European Standard is applicable in the range from 4 percent to 40 percent relative humidity and for water vapour concentration from 29 g/m3 to 250 g/m3 as a wet gas, although for a given temperature the upper limit of the method is related to the maximum pressure of water in air or in the gas.
(continued)

This European Standard specifies the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for sampling, and determining car-bon monoxide content in ducts and stacks emitting to atmosphere. It describes the Non Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR) analytical technique, including the sampling system and sample gas conditioning system, to determine CO in flue gases. This European Standard is the reference method for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, it is necessary to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are lower than the performance criteria defined in this European standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 6 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE   When the NDIR method is used as an AMS, refer to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
It is necessary for anybody who would like to use an Alternative Method instead of this Standard Reference Method to work out the demonstration of the equivalence according to the Technical Specification TS 14793, providing that his capability to carry out this demonstration is officially recognised by his national accreditation body or law.
   This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration installations and large combustion plants. It has been validated for CO concentrations with sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mg/m3 to 400 mg/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mg/m3 – 740 mg/m3 for waste and co-incineration. For waste incineration plants, Council Directive 2000/76/EC lays down emission values which are expressed in mg/m3, on dry basis at a specified value of O2 and at reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.

This European Standard describes the chemiluminescence method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the NO/NO2/NOX concentrations in flue gases emitted from ducts and stacks to atmosphere. This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes such as calibration. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 10 percent relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE   When the chemiluminescence method is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This SRM has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mgNO2/m3 to 1 300 mgNO2/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mgNO2/m3 to 400 mgNO2/m3 for waste incineration, according to emission limit values (ELVs) laid down in the following Council Directives:
   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The ELVs for NOx (NO + NO2) in EU directives are expressed in mgNO2/m3, on dry basis, at a reference value for O2 and at the reference conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).

This European Standard describes the paramagnetic method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the oxygen concentrations in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 6,0 percent of the measured concentration.
NOTE   When paramagnetism is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN/TC 264.
An alternative method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range: 5 percent to 26 percent. Oxygen concentration values, expressed in percent volume, are used in order to allow emission measurements of pollutants to be standardised to the reference O2 concentration and dry gas conditions required by the following Council Directives:
   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.

This European Standard specifies the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for sampling, and determining car-bon monoxide content in ducts and stacks emitting to atmosphere. It describes the Non Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR) analytical technique, including the sampling system and sample gas conditioning system, to determine CO in flue gases. This European Standard is the reference method for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, it is necessary to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are lower than the performance criteria defined in this European standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 6 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE   When the NDIR method is used as an AMS, refer to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
It is necessary for anybody who would like to use an Alternative Method instead of this Standard Reference Method to work out the demonstration of the equivalence according to the Technical Specification TS 14793, providing that his capability to carry out this demonstration is officially recognised by his national accreditation body or law.
   This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration installations and large combustion plants. It has been validated for CO concentrations with sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mg/m3 to 400 mg/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mg/m3 – 740 mg/m3 for waste and co-incineration. For waste incineration plants, Council Directive 2000/76/EC lays down emission values which are expressed in mg/m3, on dry basis at a specified value of O2 and at reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.

This European Standard describes the chemiluminescence method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the NO/NO2/NOX concentrations in flue gases emitted from ducts and stacks to atmosphere. This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes such as calibration. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 10 percent relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE   When the chemiluminescence method is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This SRM has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mgNO2/m3 to 1 300 mgNO2/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mgNO2/m3 to 400 mgNO2/m3 for waste incineration, according to emission limit values (ELVs) laid down in the following Council Directives:
   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The ELVs for NOx (NO + NO2) in EU directives are expressed in mgNO2/m3, on dry basis, at a reference value for O2 and at the reference conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).

This European Standard describes the paramagnetic method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the oxygen concentrations in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 6,0 percent of the measured concentration.
NOTE   When paramagnetism is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN/TC 264.
An alternative method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range: 5 percent to 26 percent. Oxygen concentration values, expressed in percent volume, are used in order to allow emission measurements of pollutants to be standardised to the reference O2 concentration and dry gas conditions required by the following Council Directives:
   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.

This European Standard describes a manual method for sampling and determining SO2 content in ducts and stacks emitting to the atmosphere by two analytical methods: Ion chromatography and Thorin method.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20,0 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of (0,5   2 000) mg/m3 SO2 for Ion Chromatography variant and 5 mg/m3 - 2 000 mg/m3 SO2 for Thorin method according to emission limit values laid down in the following Council Directives:
¾   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
¾   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The limit values of EU Directives are expressed in mg SO2/m3, on dry basis and at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.

This European Standard describes the condensation/adsorption technique, including the sampling system, to determine the water vapour concentration in the flue gases emitting to atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This technique is usually used all over Europe for water vapour monitoring. However to be implemented as the Standard Reference Method (SRM), the user has to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20 percent of the measured value. This European Standard as the Standard Reference Method (SRM) is used for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
The determination of water vapour is mainly necessary for:
   regulatory purposes, to express the concentration at standard conditions (on dry gas);
   adjust the flow rate for isokinetic sampling, when a dry gas flow rate metering device is used.
For both applications, the quantity to be measured is the amount of water present in the gas phase (vapour), which does not include water droplets.
This European Standard is applicable in the range from 4 percent to 40 percent relative humidity and for water vapour concentration from 29 g/m3 to 250 g/m3 as a wet gas, although for a given temperature the upper limit of the method is related to the maximum pressure of water in air or in the gas.
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This European Standard specifies procedures for the sampling onto activated carbon, the preparation and the analysis of samples of volatile organic components such as those arising from solvent using processes. It can be used as a reference method.
NOTE   See Council Directive 1999/13/EEC.
The results obtained using this Standard are expressed as the mass concentration (mg/m3) of the individual gaseous organic components. This Standard is suitable for use in the range of about 0,5 mg/m3 to 2000 mg/m3.
For the measurement of the mass concentration of total organic carbon arising from solvent using processes then EN 13526 should be used.

This European Standard specifies procedures for the sampling onto activated carbon, the preparation and the analysis of samples of volatile organic components such as those arising from solvent using processes. It can be used as a reference method.
NOTE   See Council Directive 1999/13/EEC.
The results obtained using this Standard are expressed as the mass concentration (mg/m3) of the individual gaseous organic components. This Standard is suitable for use in the range of about 0,5 mg/m3 to 2000 mg/m3.
For the measurement of the mass concentration of total organic carbon arising from solvent using processes then EN 13526 should be used.

This European Standard specifies a set of minimum performance requirements for an instrument using flame ionisation detection, together with procedures for its calibration and operation, for the measurement of the mass concentration of total gaseous organic carbon (TOC) in flue gases.
This European Standard is suitable for the measurement of gaseous or vapour phase TOC emissions from Solvent Using Processes.
NOTE 1   See Council Directive 1999/13/EEC.
The results obtained using this standard are expressed in milligrams per cubic metre as total carbon (mg/m3). This standard is suitable for the measurement of concentrations from 20 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3 but can be used at lower concentrations.
NOTE 2   By its nature a flame ionisation detector (FID) can also be used to measure higher concentrations.
The method specified in this European Standard can be used as a reference method or, with suitable minimum operational requirements, for continuous monitoring.  It can also be used for the calibration of automated measuring systems.  An indication of the uncertainty of the measurement is shown in annex A.

This European Standard specifies a set of minimum performance requirements for an instrument using flame ionisation detection, together with procedures for its calibration and operation, for the measurement of the mass concentration of total gaseous organic carbon (TOC) in stationary source combustion emissions. This European Standard is suitable for the measurements of low level gaseous or vapour phase TOC emissions such as those from municipal waste incinerators and hazardous Waste incinerators.

This European Standard specifies a set of minimum performance requirements for an instrument using flame ionisation detection, together with procedures for its calibration and operation, for the measurement of the mass concentration of total gaseous organic carbon (TOC) in flue gases.
This European Standard is suitable for the measurement of gaseous or vapour phase TOC emissions from Solvent Using Processes.
NOTE 1   See Council Directive 1999/13/EEC.
The results obtained using this standard are expressed in milligrams per cubic metre as total carbon (mg/m3). This standard is suitable for the measurement of concentrations from 20 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3 but can be used at lower concentrations.
NOTE 2   By its nature a flame ionisation detector (FID) can also be used to measure higher concentrations.
The method specified in this European Standard can be used as a reference method or, with suitable minimum operational requirements, for continuous monitoring.  It can also be used for the calibration of automated measuring systems.  An indication of the uncertainty of the measurement is shown in annex A.

This European Standard specifies a set of minimum performance requirements for an instrument using flame ionisation detection, together with procedures for its calibration and operation, for the measurement of the mass concentration of total gaseous organic carbon (TOC) in stationary source combustion emissions. This European Standard is suitable for the measurements of low level gaseous or vapour phase TOC emissions such as those from municipal waste incinerators and hazardous Waste incinerators.

This standard specifies a method for sampling and filtration of gases, in view of their HCl concentration determination. Subsequent HCl absorption and analysis are described in prEN 1911-2 and prEN 1911-3 respectively. The method applies to ducted gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, and more generally to waste gases in which HCl concentration may vary between 1 mg. m-3 and 5000 mg.m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions. The method is validated for gaseous streams of dust concentration below 100 mg.m-3, and is not suitable for measurement of molecular chlorine Cl2 content.

This European standard specifies methods for analysis of chlorides resulting from hydrogen chloride absorption, according to prEN 1911-2, in waste gases having been sampled and filtered according to prEN 1911-1. All compounds which are volatile at the filtration temperature and produce chloride ions upon dissolution during sampling are measured by this method, which gives therefore the volatile inorganic chlorides content of gases expressed as HCl.

This European standard specifies a method for the absorption of hydrogen chloride, in waste gases having been sampled and filtered according to prEN 1911-1. The resulting absorption solutions is subsequently analyzed according to prEN 1991-3. The method described applies to ducted gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators and more generally to waste gases in which HCl concentration may vary between 1 mg.m-3 and 5000 mg.m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions. Note: For the purposes of this standard, normal pressure and temperature conditions are 101,325 kPa and O°C (273,15 K).

This European standard specifies methods for analysis of chlorides resulting from hydrogen chloride absorption, according to prEN 1911-2, in waste gases having been sampled and filtered according to prEN 1911-1. All compounds which are volatile at the filtration temperature and produce chloride ions upon dissolution during sampling are measured by this method, which gives therefore the volatile inorganic chlorides content of gases expressed as HCl.

This standard specifies a method for sampling and filtration of gases, in view of their HCl concentration determination. Subsequent HCl absorption and analysis are described in prEN 1911-2 and prEN 1911-3 respectively. The method applies to ducted gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, and more generally to waste gases in which HCl concentration may vary between 1 mg. m-3 and 5000 mg.m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions. The method is validated for gaseous streams of dust concentration below 100 mg.m-3, and is not suitable for measurement of molecular chlorine Cl2 content.

This European standard specifies a method for the absorption of hydrogen chloride, in waste gases having been sampled and filtered according to prEN 1911-1. The resulting absorption solutions is subsequently analyzed according to prEN 1991-3. The method described applies to ducted gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators and more generally to waste gases in which HCl concentration may vary between 1 mg.m-3 and 5000 mg.m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions. Note: For the purposes of this standard, normal pressure and temperature conditions are 101,325 kPa and O°C (273,15 K).

The present Part of the Standard specifies the identification and quantificationprocedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this Standard, EN 1948-1:1996 and EN 1948-2:1996, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This Stan- dard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m cube in stationary source emissions.

Thie present part of this Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up proce- dures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is integral part of the complet measurementprocedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-1:1996 and EN 1948-3:1996 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m cube in stationary source emissions.

This part of the Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure.  The use of the other two parts EN 1948-2:1996 and EN 1948-3:1996 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs and PCDFs.

The present Part of the Standard specifies the identification and quantificationprocedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this Standard, EN 1948-1:1996 and EN 1948-2:1996, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This Stan- dard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m cube in stationary source emissions.

This part of the Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure.  The use of the other two parts EN 1948-2:1996 and EN 1948-3:1996 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs and PCDFs.

Thie present part of this Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up proce- dures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is integral part of the complet measurementprocedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-1:1996 and EN 1948-3:1996 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m cube in stationary source emissions.