This Standard rovides guidance on the description of soil in the field and its environmental context. It is applicable to natural, near-natural, urban and industrial sites. The soil observations and measurements can be made on a project site level, on a plot level, on layer or horizon level and on specific soil constituents. It also provides guidance on how to describe layers of anthropogenic (artificial) material or layers that were not modified by pedogenic processes in the strict sense and how to describe coarse material of natural or artificial origin. This document can be used in combination with other publications that provide guidance or requirements regarding specific aspects of soil observations and measurements.

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ISO 16772:2004 specifies a method for the determination of mercury in an aqua regia extract of soil, obtained in accordance with ISO 11464 and ISO 11466, using cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry or cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The limit of determination of the method is at least 0,1 mg/kg.

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This International Standard specifies the quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) according to the priority list of the Environmental Protection Agency, USA (EPA, 1982). This International Standard is applicable to all types of soil (field-moist or chemically dried samples), covering a wide range of PAH contamination levels.
Under the conditions specified in this International Standard, a lower limit of application of 0,01 mg/kg
(expressed as dry matter) can be ensured for each individual PAH.

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This International Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven polychlorinated biphenyls
and seventeen organochlorine pesticides in soil.
This International Standard is applicable to all types of soil.
Under the conditions specified in this International Standard, limits of detection of 0,1 μg/kg to 4 μg/kg (expressed
as dry matter) can be achieved.

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ISO 14507:2003 specifies three methods for the pretreatment of soil samples in the laboratory prior to the determination of organic contaminants:
if volatile organic compounds are to be measured;
if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured, if the result of the subsequent analysis must be accurate and reproducible, and if the sample contains particles larger than 2 mm and/or the contaminant is heterogeneously distributed;
if non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field-moist sample, or if the largest particles of the sample are smaller than 2 mm and the contaminant is homogeneously distributed. This procedure is also applicable if reduced accuracy and repeatability are acceptable.
The pretreatment described in ISO 14507:2003 is used in combination with an extraction procedure in which the contaminant is available for the extraction liquid.
NOTE For the pretreatment of soil samples for the purposes of determining non-volatile inorganic compounds and physico-chemical soil characteristics, see ISO 11464.

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This International Standard describes the determination of trace elements in digests or extraction solutions
from soil by inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for 34 elements (see
Table 1).
This multi-element determination method is applicable to soil extracts obtained with aqua regia in accordance
with ISO 11466, with DTPA in accordance with ISO 14870 or other weak extractants, or soil extracts for the
determination of total element contents using the acid digestion method of ISO 14869-1 or the fusion method
of ISO 14869-2.
The choice of calibration method depends on the extractant and can be adapted to the extractant
concentration.

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ISO 13876:2013 specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, and PCB180) in sludge, treated biowaste, and soil using GC-MS and GC-ECD.

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This International Standard specifies a method for microwave-assisted extraction of elements from samples
using aqua regia as the extraction solution for the determination of elements. This method is applicable to all
types of soil and soil material.
Aqua regia extraction is suitable for the release of trace and major element fractions in soil. Aqua regia is not
suitable for the extraction of elements from refractory compounds, such as SiO2, TiO2 and Al2O3.
The extraction with aqua regia is operationally defined and will not necessarily release all elements completely.
The microwave method is generic and can be implemented using a wide variety of equipment, provided:
a) the extraction mixture ratio is unchanged;
b) the extraction temperature is known.
Solutions produced by the microwave method are suitable for analysis, for example, by using atomic
absorption spectrometry (flame: FAAS, hydride generation: HGAAS, cold vapour: CVAAS, graphite furnace;
GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (ICP/MS).
NOTE Due to the presence of chloride in the extraction solution, limitations for the application of analytical
techniques can occur.

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This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua
regia or nitric acid digests or other extraction solutions of sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron
(B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu),
dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au),
hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li),
lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd),
nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium
(Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se),
silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium
(Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V),
ytterbium(Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered.
The limit of detection is between 0,1 mg/kg dry matter and 2,0 mg/kg dry matter for most elements.
The limit of detection will be higher in cases where the determination is likely to have interferences (see
Clause 4) or in the case of memory effects (see e.g. 8.2 of ISO 17294-1:2004).

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This document gives guidance on the:
— investigation of sites, where either it is known that soil contamination is present, or the presence of
soil contamination is suspected;
— investigation of sites where no soil contamination is expected, but the soil quality is to be determined
(e.g. to make sure that there is no contamination present);
— investigation in anticipation of a need to manage re-use or disposal of excavated soil which might be
contaminated;
— collection of information that is necessary for risk assessment and/or the development of remedial
action plans (e.g. whether remediation is required and suggestions as to how this might be best
achieved).
Although the information on soil quality for the risk assessment and/or the development of remedial
action plans is gathered by applying this document, it does not give guidance on the decisions and
actions that follow from a site investigation, for example, risk assessment and decisions about the
requirements for remediation (if any).

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This document provides guidance on the sampling of soils of
— natural and near-natural sites,
— natural arboreal areas including forests and woods,
— areas used for agriculture (arable and pasture sites),
— areas used for horticulture (including domestic gardens, allotments), and
— areas used for special crop-cultivation, orchards, vineyards, commercial plantations and forests, etc.
It is applicable to
— soil investigations and evaluations in the field, and
— collection of samples for chemical, geochemical, physical, and biological characterization of soil and
soil materials in the laboratory.
This document sets out appropriate strategies for the design of sampling programmes, field procedures
and subsequent treatment of samples for transport and storage prior to sample pretreatment (e.g.
drying, milling). It is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of the ISO 18400 series.
Attention is, in particular, drawn to the requirements concerning collection, handling and storage of
soil for assessment of biological functions in ISO 18400-206.
NOTE 1 Groundwater and surface water can be adversely impacted by agricultural and related activities,
such as nitrates and pesticides, and by translocation of soil particles. In turn, knowledge about water quality
can provide information about possible sources of groundwater contamination or contaminating run-off.
Investigation of groundwater and surface water quality is outside of the scope of this document; relevant
guidance is given in the ISO 5667 series of standards. ISO 15175 provides guidance on the relationship between
soil properties and groundwater quality.
NOTE 2 It could also be appropriate to investigate ambient air, vegetation, potable water supplies and a variety
of other media depending on the findings of the preliminary investigation.

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This European Standard specifies the quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (see Table 2) in sludge, soil and treated biowaste using GC-MS and HPLC-UV-DAD/FLD covering a wide range of PAH contamination levels (see also Annex B).
When using fluorescence detection, acenaphthylene cannot be measured.
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Typically, a lower limit of application of 0,01 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be ensured for each individual PAH. This depends on instrument and sample.
Sludge, soil and treated biowaste can differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PAHs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used. Two general lines are followed, an agitation procedure (shaking) or use of soxhlet/pressurized liquid extraction.
NOTE   Other PAH compounds can also be analysed with this method, provided suitability has been proven.

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This International Standard gives guidance on how to store and preserve soil samples for laboratory
determinations and how to prepare them for analysis after storage. Special emphasis is given to maximum
storage times as a function of different storage conditions.

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This document gives guidelines for techniques for taking samples so that these can subsequently be
examined for the purpose of providing information on soil quality. It gives information on equipment
that is typically applicable in particular sampling situations to enable correct sampling procedures to
be carried out and representative samples to be collected. Guidance is given on the selection of the
equipment and the techniques to use to enable both disturbed and undisturbed samples to be correctly
taken at different depths.
This document does not cover:
— investigations for geotechnical purposes, though where redevelopment of a site is envisaged, the soil
quality investigation and the geotechnical investigation may sometimes be beneficially combined;
— sampling of hard strata such as bedrock;
— methods for the collection of information on soil quality without taking samples such as geophysical
methods;
— collection of water samples (these are to be collected in accordance with appropriate International
Standards on ground or surface water sampling; for further information, see the ISO 5667 series);
— investigations of soil gas about which guidance is provided in ISO 18400-204;
— investigation of radioactively contaminated sites.
NOTE 1 “Sampling technique” is defined in ISO 11074.
NOTE 2 Guidance on the investigation and assessment of radioactivity in soils is provided in the ISO 18589
series.

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This document establishes general principles for packing, preservation, transport and delivery of
samples of soil and related materials with an emphasis on requirements for when chemical analysis
of the samples is required, but with the intention that the general procedures are to be adapted as
appropriate when other forms of testing are required (e.g. biological testing, physical tests on disturbed
or undisturbed samples). Special procedures for specific sampling purposes are given in other parts of
ISO 18400 (see also 7.2).
This document is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 18512.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of exchangeable acidity in barium chloride
extracts of soil samples obtained according to ISO 11260.
The procedure described herein mainly concerns the determination of total exchangeable acidity by
means of a fixed pH end point titration.
Two additional and optional procedures are given, describing respectively, determinations of free H+
acidity and aluminium in the extracts.
This document is applicable to all types of air dry soil samples.

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ISO/IEC 17025:2017 specifies the general requirements for the competence, impartiality and consistent operation of laboratories.
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 is applicable to all organizations performing laboratory activities, regardless of the number of personnel.
Laboratory customers, regulatory authorities, organizations and schemes using peer-assessment, accreditation bodies, and others use ISO/IEC 17025:2017 in confirming or recognizing the competence of laboratories.

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This document specifies three methods for the determination of dry bulk density of soils calculated
from the mass and the volume of a soil sample. The methods involve drying and weighing a soil sample,
the volume of which is either known [core method (see 4.1)] or determined [excavation method (see 4.2)
and clod method (see 4.4)].

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This part of ISO 17294 specifies a method for the determination of the elements aluminium, antimony,
arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, caesium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt,
copper, dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, gallium, germanium, gold, hafnium, holmium, indium, iridium,
iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, lutetium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium,
nickel, palladium, phosphorus, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, rubidium, rhenium, rhodium,
ruthenium, samarium, scandium, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, terbium, tellurium, thorium,
thallium, thulium, tin, tungsten, uranium and its isotopes, vanadium, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and
zirconium in water (for example, drinking water, surface water, ground water, waste water and eluates).
Taking into account the specific and additionally occurring interferences, these elements can also be
determined in digests of water, sludges and sediments (for example, digests of water as described in
ISO 15587-1 or ISO 15587-2).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered. In drinking water and
relatively unpolluted waters, the limit of quantification (xLQ) lies between 0,002 μg/l and 1,0 μg/l for
most elements. The working range typically covers concentrations between several pg/l
and mg/l depending on the element and pre-defined requirements.
The quantification limits of most elements are affected by blank contamination and depend
predominantly on the laboratory air-handling facilities available on the purity of reagents and the
cleanliness of glassware.
The lower limit of quantification is higher in cases where the determination suffers from interferences
or memory effects (see ISO 17294-1:2004, 8.2).

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This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium(Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered.
The method detection limit of the method is between 0,1 mg/kg dry matter and 2,0 mg/kg dry matter for most elements. The limit of detection will be higher in cases where the determination is likely to be interfered (see Clause 4) or in case of memory effects (see e.g. 8.3 of EN ISO 17294-1:2006).
The method has been validated for the elements given in Table A.1 (sludge), Table A.2 (compost) and Table A.3 (soil). The method is applicable for the other elements listed above, provided the user has verified the applicability.

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This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid digest solutions of sludge, treated biowaste and soil: Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), indium (In), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr).
The method has been validated for the elements given in Table A.1. The method is applicable for the other elements listed above, provided the user has verified the applicability.

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This International Standard specifies a method for quantitative gas-chromatographic determination of
volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalene and volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in soil.
This International Standard is applicable to all types of soil.
NOTE In the case of unsaturated peaty soils, absorption of the extraction solution may occur.
The lower limit of quantification is dependent on the equipment used and the quality of the methanol
grade used for the extraction of the soil sample.
Under the conditions specified in this International Standard the following limits of quantification
apply (expressed on basis of dry matter):
Typical limit of quantification when using GC-FID:
— Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons: 0,1 mg/kg
Typical limit of quantification when using GC-ECD:
— Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons: 0,01 mg/kg
Lower limits of quantification for some compounds can be achieved by using mass spectrometry (MS)
with selected ion detection.

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This International Standard specifies a static headspace method for quantitative gas chromatographic
determination of volatile aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons and selected aliphatic ethers in soil.
This International Standard is applicable to all types of soil.
The limit of quantification is dependent on the detection system used and the quality of the methanol
grade used for the extraction of the soil sample.
Under the conditions specified in this International Standard, the following limits of quantifications
apply (expressed on basis of dry matter).
Typical limit of quantification when using GC-FID:
— volatile aromatic hydrocarbons: 0,2 mg/kg;
— aliphatic ethers as methyl tert.-butyl ether(MTBE) and tert.-amyl methyl ether (TAME): 0,5 mg/kg.
Typical limit of quantification when using GC-ECD:
— volatile halogenated hydrocarbons: 0,01 mg/kg to 0,2 mg/kg.
Lower limits of quantification for some compounds can be achieved by using mass spectrometry (MS)
with selected ion detection (see Annex D).

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This part of ISO xxxxx specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the total extractable volatile, the volatile aliphatic and aromatic fractions of petroleum hydrocarbon content in field moist soil samples by gas chromatography. The results of the test carried out can be used for risk assessment studies related to contaminations with petroleum hydrocarbons. The method is applicable to petroleum hydrocarbon contents between XXXX mg/kg and XXXX mg/kg soil expressed as dry matter for the whole aliphatic fraction C5 to C10 as well as the aromatic compounds in the boiling range of C6 to C10. For sub-fractions lower limits of determination can be reached.
With this method all hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 36 °C to 175 °C, n-alkanes between C5H12 to C10H22, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, BTEX, di- and tri-alkyl benzenes compounds are determined as total volatile petroleum hydrocarbons C5 to C10; besides that volatile aliphatic and aromatic fractions are specified. The sub-fractions proposed in this part of ISO xxxxx have shown to be suitable for risk assessment studies. However other sub-fractions between C5H12 to C10H22 can be determined in conformity with this standard.

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This part of ISO xxxxx specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the total extractable semivolatile, the semi-volatile aliphatic and aromatic fractions of petroleum hydrocarbon content in field moist soil samples by gas chromatography. The results of the test carried out can be used for risk assessment studies related to contaminations with petroleum hydrocarbons. The method is applicable to petroleum hydrocarbon contents between XXXX mg/kg and XXXX mg/kg soil expressed as dry matter for the whole aliphatic fraction C10 to C40 as well as the aromatic fraction C10 to C40. For sub-fractions lower limits of determination can be reached. With this method all hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 174 °C to 525 °C, n-alkanes between C10H22 to C40H82, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkyl benzenes, and alkyl naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic compounds are determined as total extractable semi-volatile petroleum hydrocarbons C10 to C40; besides that semi-volatile aliphatic and aromatic fractions are specified.

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This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the specific electrical conductivity in aqueous suspensions of sludge (fresh), treated biowaste (fresh) or soil (fresh or air-dry).

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This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.

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This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physicochemical parameters. The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample. This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions. For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures to prepare: - test samples for tests under field moist conditions; - test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.; - test samples of liquid sludge. For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified: - a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured; - a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible; - a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required. The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material, the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.

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This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physicochemical parameters. The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample. This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions. For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures to prepare: - test samples for tests under field moist conditions; - test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.; - test samples of liquid sludge. For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified: - a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured; - a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible; - a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required. The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material, the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.

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This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil, waste and sediment samples containing more than 1 g carbon per kg of dry matter (0,1 %). For sludge, treated biowaste and soil only Method A is validated.

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This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of pH within the range pH 2 to pH 12 in a suspension of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in either water (pH-H2O), or a 0,01 mol/l calcium chloride solution (pH-CaCl2). This European Standard is applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and fresh or air-dry soil samples.

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This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter fraction of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature and origin of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (mass fraction) of dry residue or more than 1 % (mass fraction) of water. Method A applies to sludge, treated biowaste, soil and solid waste. Method B applies to liquid waste and to samples which are suspected or known to contain volatiles except for water.

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2010-08-31 EMA: //ENQ draft received in ISO/CS following notification received in dataservice on 2010-08-30.

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This International Standard specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the mineral oil (hydrocarbon) content in field-moist soil samples by gas chromatography.
The method is applicable to mineral oil contents (mass fraction) between 100 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg soil, expressed as dry matter, and can be adapted to lower limits of detection.
This International Standard is applicable to the determination of all hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 175 °C to 525 °C, of n-alkanes from C10H22 to C40H82, of isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic compounds, provided that they are not absorbed on the specified column during the clean-up procedure.
This International Standard is not applicable to the quantitative determination of hydrocarbons < C10 originating from gasolines.
On the basis of the peak pattern of the gas chromatogram obtained, and of the boiling points of the individual n-alkanes listed in Annex B, the approximate boiling range of the mineral oil and some qualitative information on the composition of the contamination can be obtained.

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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of dissolved elements, elements bound to particles ("particulate“) and total content of elements in different types of water (e.g. ground, surface, raw, potable and waste water) for the following elements:
Aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, indium, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, silicon, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zinc and zirconium.
Taking into account the specific and additionally occurring interferences, these elements can also be determined in digests of water, sludges and sediments (for example digests of water as specified in ISO 15587 1 or ISO 15587 2). The method is suitable for mass concentrations of particulate matter in waste water below 2 g/l. The scope of this method may be extended to other matrices or to higher amounts of particulate matter if it can be shown that additionally occurring interferences are considered and corrected for carefully. It is up to the user to demonstrate the fitness for purpose.
Recommended wavelengths, limits of quantification and important spectral interferences for the selected elements are given in Clause 5 (Table 1).

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This European Standard specifies the quantitative determination of 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) according to the priority list of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 1982). This European Standard is applicable for wastes such as contaminated soil, sludge and rubble, bitumen or waste containing bitumen. This European Standard describes a gas chromatographic method with mass spectrometric detection (GCMS). Under the conditions specified in this document, a typical lower limit of application of 0,1 mg/kg for each individual PAH can be achieved.

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This International Standard specifies the pretreatments required for soil samples that are to be subjected to physico-chemical analyses of stable and non-volatile parameters and describes the following five types of pretreatment of samples: drying, crushing, sieving, dividing and milling. The pretreatment procedures described in this International Standard are not applicable if they affect the results of the determinations to be made. This International Standard is also not applicable to samples when volatile compounds are measured. In general, International Standards for analytical methods will state when it is necessary to adopt other procedures.

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This International Standard specifies an instrumental method for the routine determination of pH using a glass electrode in a 1:5 (volume fraction) suspension of soil in water (pH in H2O), in 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution (pH in KCL) or in 0,01 mol/l calcium chloride solution (pH in CaCl2). This International Standard is applicable to all types of air-dried soil samples, for example pretreated in accordance with ISO 11464.

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Specifies a method for the extraction, with aqua regia, of trace elements from soils and similar materials containing less than about 20 % (m/m) organic carbon. Materials containing more than about 20 % (m/m) organic carbon will require treatment with additional nitric acid. The resulting solution is suitable for the determination of trace elements using appropriate atomic spectrometric techniques.

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Specifies a method for the determination of the potential cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil buffered at pH = 8,1 and of the determination of the content of exchangeable sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil. Applicable to all types of air-dried soil samples.

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Specifies an instrumental method for the routine determination of the specific electrical conductivity in an aqueous extract of soil. The determination is carried out to obtain an indication of the content of water-soluble electrolytes in a soil.

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Specifies a method for the determination of the total nitrogen (ammonium-N, nitrate-N, nitrite-N and organic N) content of a soil. Nitrogen in N-N-linkages, N-O-linkages and some heterocyclics (especially pyridine) is only partially determined. Applicable to all types of soils.

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The method specified can be applied to all types of soil samples. Different procedures are specified for air-dried soil samples, e.g. samples pretreated according to ISO 11464, and for field-moist soil samples. Its principle is drying soil samples to constant mass at 105 °C and using the difference in mass of an amount of soil before and after the drying procedure to calculate the dry matter and water contents on a mass basis. For the determination of soil water content on a volume basis, refer to ISO 11461.

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Specifies a method for the determination of the total carbon content in soil after dry combustion. The organic carbon content is calculated from this content after correcting for carbonates present in the sample. If carbonates are removed beforehand, the organic carbon content is measured directly. Applicable to all types of air-dried soil samples.

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