2000/76/EC - Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste
Directive 2000/76/EC governs the incineration and co-incineration of waste within the European Community to prevent or limit environmental pollution and protect human health. It sets stringent operational conditions, technical requirements, and emission limit values for waste incineration and co-incineration plants. The Directive covers both hazardous and non-hazardous waste incineration but excludes certain waste types such as agricultural and forestry vegetable waste, radioactive waste, and animal carcasses regulated by other directives. The aim is to reduce harmful emissions, including dioxins, heavy metals, and particulate matter, aligning with international protocols and EU environmental objectives. It also mandates permits for plant operations, enforces waste management hierarchy principles, and requires public access to information on plant emissions and operations for transparency. The Directive emphasizes integrating incineration within broader pollution prevention strategies and calls for continuous technological improvements and monitoring to ensure compliance. Member States must establish effective penalties for infringements. The Directive repeals former legislation on waste incineration, consolidating standards and ensuring uniform environmental protection across the Community.
Purpose
Directive 2000/76/EC aims to prevent or limit, as far as practicable, the negative effects on the environment and human health arising from the incineration and co-incineration of waste. This includes controlling pollution emitted into air, soil, surface water, and groundwater by setting stringent operational conditions, technical requirements, and emission limit values for waste incineration and co-incineration plants throughout the European Community. The Directive also complements the broader waste management objectives laid down in Directive 75/442/EEC concerning waste recovery and disposal.
Key Obligations
- Emission Limit Values (ELVs): Plants must meet strict, predefined emission limit values for pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter, heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, lead), dioxins, furans, and other carcinogenic compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
- Operational Conditions: The Directive prescribes rigorous operational conditions to ensure effective destruction of organic pollutants, in particular for waste containing halogenated substances (e.g., chlorine) which produce dioxins.
- Permits and Monitoring: Operators must obtain permits from competent authorities to operate waste incineration or co-incineration plants. These permits involve detailed conditions on emissions, operational practices, and monitoring requirements. Regular reporting and transparency to the public are mandatory, particularly for plants incinerating more than 3 tonnes per hour.
- Residue Management: The generation, minimization, and recycling of residues such as ash and flue gas cleaning residues must be handled to minimize environmental harm.
- Co-incineration Limits: Plants primarily designed for energy production or material generation but using waste as fuel (co-incineration) are subject to the Directive's emission limits for the waste-derived portion of exhaust gases.
- Exemptions and Flexibility: Temporary exemptions to some ELVs may be provided under strict conditions for specific pollutants. Reduced frequency of monitoring may be permitted for certain sorted combustible non-hazardous waste fractions.
- Penalties: Member States are required to establish effective, proportionate, and dissuasive penalties for breaches of the Directive provisions.
- Integration with Other EU Legislation: Compliance with this Directive is a necessary element for meeting the requirements of Directive 96/61/EC on integrated pollution prevention and control, as well as other community legislation relevant to environmental protection.
Affected Products and Actors
- Incineration Plants: Includes all stationary or mobile units dedicated to the thermal treatment of waste by oxidation or other thermal methods (pyrolysis, gasification, plasma) when substances produced are subsequently incinerated.
- Co-incineration Plants: Facilities primarily producing energy or materials that use waste as a regular or supplementary fuel, or treat waste thermally for disposal.
- Waste Types: The Directive covers both hazardous and non-hazardous solid and liquid wastes as defined by EU waste legislation, excluding specific waste categories such as:
- Certain vegetable wastes used with heat recovery,
- Wood waste free of halogenated compounds from treatment or coatings,
- Cork,
- Radioactive waste,
- Animal carcasses under Directive 90/667/EEC,
- Waste from offshore oil and gas exploration incinerated on board,
- Experimental research plants treating less than 50 tonnes of waste annually.
- Operators: Natural or legal persons controlling or operating the incineration/co-incineration plants who must ensure compliance with permits and emission limits.
Implementation Timeline
- The Directive was adopted on 4 December 2000.
- Existing plants with permits issued before 28 December 2002 were given transitional deadlines for compliance:
- Must be put into operation by 28 December 2003 or 28 December 2004 depending on permit application status.
- Member States are required to transpose and enforce the Directive's provisions through national legislation, including penalties for infringements.
- The Commission is tasked with monitoring application and may propose updates based on technological and scientific progress.
This Directive repealed previous waste incineration Directives 89/369/EEC, 89/429/EEC, and 94/67/EC to unify regulatory requirements under a single, clearer legal framework.
This Directive applies to all incineration and co-incineration plants within the European Community, focusing on waste treatment by thermal methods. It covers plants incinerating or co-incinerating hazardous and non-hazardous waste, aiming to set stringent operational and technical requirements and emission limit values to prevent or limit environmental pollution and risks to human health. However, it excludes plants treating only specific wastes such as vegetable waste from agriculture and forestry, certain wood wastes, cork waste, radioactive waste, animal carcasses regulated by Directive 90/667/EEC, and waste from oil and gas exploration incinerated offshore. Experimental plants treating less than 50 tonnes of waste annually for research purposes are also excluded. The Directive covers stationary or mobile technical units dedicated to thermal treatment, including incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and plasma processes, as well as the entire plant site and associated facilities involved in waste reception, storage, pretreatment, combustion, exhaust gas treatment, residue management, and monitoring.
Die Richtlinie 2000/76/EG zielt darauf ab, Umweltbelastungen und Gesundheitsgefahren durch die Verbrennung und Mitverbrennung von Abfällen zu vermeiden oder zu begrenzen. Sie legt strenge Betriebsbedingungen, technische Anforderungen und Emissionsgrenzwerte für Abfallverbrennungsanlagen in der Europäischen Union fest, um Schadstoffe wie Dioxine, Schwermetalle und andere gefährliche Emissionen wirksam zu kontrollieren. Die Richtlinie gilt für Anlagen, die feste oder flüssige Abfälle thermisch behandeln, schließt jedoch bestimmte Ausnahmen, wie etwa pflanzliche Abfälle aus Landwirtschaft und Forstwirtschaft, aus. Darüber hinaus fördert sie die Nutzung von Wärme aus Verbrennungsprozessen und die Minimierung der Rückstände. Zur Überwachung der Einhaltung der Grenzwerte sind Hochleistungsmesssysteme vorgeschrieben, und die Öffentlichkeit erhält Zugang zu relevanten Umweltdaten zur Stärkung der Transparenz. Die Richtlinie trägt damit zur Erreichung hoher Umwelt- und Gesundheitsschutzstandards bei, harmonisiert die Vorschriften innerhalb der EU und ersetzt frühere Regelungen über die Abfallverbrennung.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 2000/76/EG hat zum Ziel, Umweltbelastungen durch die Verbrennung und Mitverbrennung von Abfällen zu vermeiden oder, soweit praktikabel, zu begrenzen. Insbesondere soll die Verunreinigung der Luft, des Bodens, des Oberflächen- und Grundwassers sowie die daraus entstehenden Gefahren für die menschliche Gesundheit minimiert werden. Dieses Ziel wird durch strenge Betriebsbedingungen, technische Anforderungen und Emissionsgrenzwerte für Abfallverbrennungs- und Mitverbrennungsanlagen innerhalb der Europäischen Gemeinschaft erreicht. Die Einhaltung der Richtlinie soll negative Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung verhindern.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
- Festlegung und Einhaltung von Emissionsgrenzwerten für Schadstoffe wie Stickoxide (NOx), Schwefeldioxid (SO2), Schwermetalle, Dioxine und Furanen;
- Strenge Betriebsbedingungen und technische Anforderungen für alle Anlagen zur Verbrennung oder Mitverbrennung von Abfällen;
- Überwachung der Emissionen mit Hochleistungsmessverfahren, um die Einhaltung der Grenzwerte sicherzustellen;
- Vorschriften für den Umgang mit Abgasrückständen, mit dem Ziel, deren Menge und Schädlichkeit zu minimieren;
- Verpflichtung zur Nutzung der erzeugten Wärme und zur Minimierung sowie Verwertung von Rückständen aus der Abfallverbrennung;
- Genehmigungsverfahren, die sicherstellen, dass Anlagen den Anforderungen der Richtlinie sowie weiterer EU-Umweltvorschriften entsprechen;
- Transparenz und Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung: Die Öffentlichkeit erhält Zugang zu Informationen und Berichten über den Betrieb der Anlagen, besonders bei Anlagen mit einer Verbrennungskapazität von mehr als 3 Tonnen pro Stunde;
- Sanktionen müssen wirksam, verhältnismäßig und abschreckend sein bei Verstößen gegen die Richtlinie;
- Möglichkeit befristeter und unter bestimmten Bedingungen zulässiger Ausnahmen von den Emissionsgrenzwerten.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
- Die Richtlinie gilt für Verbrennungsanlagen und Mitverbrennungsanlagen, also Anlagen, die Abfälle thermisch behandeln mit oder ohne Nutzung der entstehenden Wärmeenergie.
- Ausgenommen sind bestimmte Anlagen, die ausschließlich spezifische Abfallarten verbrennen, wie
- pflanzliche Abfälle aus Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittelindustrie (unter bestimmten Bedingungen),
- Holzabfälle ohne halogenorganische Verbindungen oder Schwermetalle,
- Korkabfälle,
- radioaktive Abfälle,
- Tierkörper gemäß der Richtlinie 90/667/EWG,
- Abfälle aus der Erdöl- und Erdgasförderung, die direkt vor Ort verbrannt werden,
- Versuchsanlagen für Forschung und Entwicklung mit geringem Abfallaufkommen (unter 50 Tonnen jährlich).
- Die Richtlinie betrifft Betreiber von Anlagen, die Abfälle verbrennen oder mitverbrennen, insbesondere Betreiber von technischen Verbrennungs- und Mitverbrennungsanlagen mit Energetik oder stofflicher Produktion als Hauptzweck.
- Zusätzlich sind Behörden und Genehmigungsstellen involviert, da sie die Einhaltung der Vorschriften überwachen und Sanktionen verhängen müssen.
Umsetzungszeitraum
- Die Richtlinie wurde am 4. Dezember 2000 verabschiedet.
- Für bestehende Anlagen, die vor dem 28. Dezember 2002 betrieben wurden, gelten gesonderte Übergangsbestimmungen hinsichtlich des Zeitpunktes der Umsetzung der strengen Anforderungen.
- Die Mitgliedstaaten sind verpflichtet, die notwendigen nationalen Rechtsvorschriften zur Umsetzung der Richtlinie zu erlassen und anzuwenden.
- Die Richtlinie sieht die regelmäßige Überprüfung und Berichterstattung durch die Europäische Kommission vor, um neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, technischen Fortschritt und Erfahrungen in der Praxis zu berücksichtigen und gegebenenfalls Anpassungen vorzuschlagen.
Die Richtlinie 2000/76/EG ist eine zentrale Vorschrift zum Schutz der Umwelt und der Gesundheit im Bereich der Abfallverbrennung und Mitverbrennung in der Europäischen Union. Sie ersetzt ältere Richtlinien und harmonisiert europaweit die Anforderungen an Anlagen, die Abfälle thermisch behandeln.
Die Richtlinie 2000/76/EG gilt für Verbrennungs- und Mitverbrennungsanlagen, die Abfälle thermisch behandeln. Dazu zählen Anlagen, die feste oder flüssige Abfälle verbrennen, mit oder ohne Nutzung der entstehenden Wärme, einschließlich Pyrolyse, Vergasung und Plasmaverfahren, sofern die entstandenen Stoffe anschließend verbrannt werden. Ausgenommen sind Anlagen, die ausschließlich bestimmte pflanzliche Abfälle aus Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittelindustrie verbrennen, Holzabfälle ohne Schadstoffbelastung, Korkabfälle, radioaktive Abfälle, Tierkörper nach der Richtlinie 90/667/EWG sowie Abfälle, die bei Erdöl- und Erdgasförderung auf Bohrinseln anfallen, wenn diese dort verbrannt werden. Ebenfalls ausgeschlossen sind Versuchsanlagen für Forschungszwecke, die weniger als 50 Tonnen Abfälle jährlich behandeln. Die Richtlinie zielt darauf ab, Emissionen von Schadstoffen wie Stickoxiden, Schwefeldioxid, Schwermetallen und Dioxinen aus diesen Anlagen zu begrenzen, um Umweltbelastungen und gesundheitliche Risiken zu minimieren.
La directive 2000/76/CE vise à prévenir et limiter les effets négatifs de l’incinération et de la coïncinération des déchets sur l’environnement et la santé humaine, notamment par la pollution atmosphérique, des sols et des eaux. Elle impose des conditions d’exploitation strictes et des valeurs limites d’émission pour les installations concernées dans l’Union européenne. Cette directive remplace et renforce les directives antérieures, pour harmoniser les normes environnementales à l’échelle communautaire et éviter la délocalisation des déchets vers des installations moins contraignantes. Sont couvertes toutes les installations d’incinération de déchets municipaux, dangereux et non dangereux, à l’exception de certains déchets spécifiques (agricoles, bois traité, radioactifs, animaux). Les États membres doivent délivrer des permis conformes à ces exigences, assurer un contrôle régulier des émissions et garantir l’accès du public à l’information sur les installations. La directive intègre également la hiérarchie des déchets en favorisant la valorisation énergétique tout en minimisant les résidus polluants. Enfin, elle prévoit des sanctions effectives en cas de non-respect des normes et un suivi de sa mise en œuvre par la Commission.
Directive 2000/76/CE sur l’incinération des déchets
Objet
La directive 2000/76/CE vise à prévenir ou limiter, dans toute la mesure du possible, les effets négatifs de l’incinération et de la coïncinération des déchets sur l’environnement, notamment la pollution atmosphérique, la contamination du sol et des eaux, ainsi que les risques associés pour la santé humaine. Pour cela, elle impose des conditions d’exploitation rigoureuses, des exigences techniques précises et des valeurs limites d’émission pour les installations concernées dans l’Union européenne, tout en respectant les exigences de la directive cadre 75/442/CEE relative aux déchets.
Obligations principales
- Fixation de valeurs limites d’émission : pour les substances polluantes telles que les oxydes d’azote (NOx), dioxyde de soufre (SO2), métaux lourds (cadmium, mercure, plomb), dioxines, furannes, hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), particules fines, ainsi que pour les rejets aqueux issus du traitement des fumées.
- Conditions d’exploitation strictes : y compris la récupération obligatoire de la chaleur produite, et minimisation des résidus polluants.
- Surveillance et contrôle réguliers : les installations doivent effectuer des mesures périodiques et fournir des rapports réguliers afin d’assurer la conformité avec les limites imposées.
- Gestion des cas exceptionnels : dispositions en cas de dépassements temporaires des seuils, ainsi que pour les pannes et défaillances techniques inévitables.
- Autorisation des installations : délivrance de permis environnementaux par les autorités compétentes, incluant les précautions environnementales nécessaires.
- Participation du public : accès à l’information et possibilité d’intervention dans la procédure d’attribution ou de modification des permis, assurant la transparence.
- Sanctions en cas de non-respect : chaque État membre doit prévoir des sanctions effectives, proportionnées et dissuasives pour garantir l’application de la directive.
Produits concernés et acteurs impliqués
- Installations concernées : toutes les installations d’incinération et de coïncinération de déchets solides ou liquides, urbains et industriels, dont les techniques permettent le traitement thermique des déchets, avec ou sans récupération d’énergie.
- Exclusions :
- installations traitant exclusivement certains déchets végétaux agricoles, forestiers, ou issus de la transformation alimentaire, sous certaines conditions (notamment valorisation énergétique) ;
- installations expérimentales de recherche et développement de capacité inférieure à 50 tonnes de déchets par an ;
- installations d’incinération de déchets animaux sous la directive 90/667/CEE.
- Acteurs impliqués :
- exploitants d’installations d’incinération/coïncinération ;
- autorités nationales contrôlant l’octroi des permis et le respect des normes ;
- grand public, permettant leur participation aux décisions relatives aux permis et au suivi environnemental.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
- La directive a été adoptée le 4 décembre 2000.
- Les États membres devaient transposer les exigences dans leur droit national dans un délai généralement fixé à 2 ans après la publication (décembre 2002).
- Les installations existantes ont bénéficié de délais transitoires pour se conformer aux nouvelles exigences techniques et limites d’émission.
- La Commission européenne doit réaliser des rapports sur l’expérience acquise, les avancées scientifiques et techniques, et l’évolution des exigences environnementales afin d’adapter, si nécessaire, la directive.
Cette directive remplace les anciennes directives 89/369/CEE et 89/429/CEE, unifiant les normes applicables aux incinérations de déchets dangereux et non dangereux en une seule législation harmonisée garantissant un haut niveau de protection environnementale et sanitaire dans l’Union européenne.
La directive 2000/76/CE s'applique aux installations d'incinération et de coïncinération de déchets au sein de l'Union européenne. Elle vise à prévenir ou limiter les effets négatifs de l'incinération sur l'environnement et la santé humaine en fixant des exigences techniques strictes et des valeurs limites d'émission pour ces installations. Sont couvertes les installations traitant des déchets municipaux, des déchets dangereux et non dangereux. Cependant, certaines installations sont exclues, notamment celles traitant exclusivement des déchets végétaux agricoles et forestiers, des déchets de bois non traités avec des conservateurs ou revêtements, des déchets radioactifs, des carcasses d'animaux régies par une autre directive, ainsi que les installations expérimentales traitant moins de 50 tonnes de déchets par an. La directive intègre aussi des considérations particulières liées aux émissions de substances polluantes telles que les dioxines, métaux lourds, et hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, en cohérence avec d'autres législations européennes sur la qualité de l'air et la gestion des déchets.
Direktiva 2000/76/ES ureja sežiganje in sosežiganje odpadkov z namenom preprečiti ali omejiti negativne vplive na okolje in zdravje ljudi, zlasti z nadzorom emisij v zrak, tla in vodo. Določa stroge zahteve za obratovanje in tehnične standarde, vključno z mejami emisij za nevarne snovi, kot so dioksini, furani, težke kovine in poliklorirani aromatski ogljikovodiki. Pokriva sežigalnice in naprave za sosežig, izjemoma pa nekatere specifične vrste naprav in odpadkov. Upravljavci morajo pridobiti dovoljenja, ki vključujejo podrobne pogoje obratovanja ter metode spremljanja emisij, da zagotovijo varstvo okolja in javnega zdravja. Direktiva spodbuja izrabo toplote in minimalizacijo ostankov, skladno s strategijo ravnanja z odpadki. Upošteva tudi mednarodne sporazume o omejitvi trajnih organskih onesnaževal. Spodbuja transparentnost postopkov in vključevanje javnosti v odločanje ter zahteva redno poročanje o učinkih sežigalnic. Namenjena je vzpostavitvi enotnih visokih okoljskih standardov na območju EU.
Namen
Direktiva 2000/76/ES ureja sežiganje in sosežiganje odpadkov v Evropski uniji z namenom preprečiti ali omejiti negativne vplive na okolje, zlasti onesnaževanje zraka, tal ter voda, in s tem zmanjšati tveganja za zdravje ljudi. Cilj je doseči stroge pogoje obratovanja, tehnične zahteve in mejne vrednosti emisij za sežigalnice in naprave za sosežig, hkrati pa zagotoviti skladnost z Direktivo 75/442/EGS o ravnanju z odpadki.
Direktiva sledi načelom trajnostnega razvoja, zmanjševanja emisij nevarnih snovi, kot so dušikovi oksidi, žveplov dioksid, težke kovine, dioksini in furani, skladen z mednarodnimi pogodbami, kot je Protokol o obstojnih organskih onesnaževalih. Prav tako podpira varstvo okolja in zdravja ljudi na visoki ravni.
Ključne obveznosti
- Upravljavci sežigalnic in naprav za sosežig morajo pridobiti dovoljenje za obratovanje, ki vključuje tehnične in okoljske zahteve ter zagotavlja skladnost z mejni vrednostmi emisij.
- Zmanjševanje količine in škodljivosti ostankov (kot so pepel, žlindra, letni prah) ter njihova reciklaža, kjer je to mogoče.
- Izraba toplote, pridobljene pri sežiganju ali sosežiganju, npr. za proizvodnjo energije, daljinsko ogrevanje ali procesno paro.
- Upoštevanje strogih mejnih vrednosti emisij za različna onesnaževala (npr. NOx, SO2, živo srebro, težke kovine, dioksini in furani) ter izvajanje učinkovitega spremljanja in merjenja emisij.
- Nadzor nad postopki, zagotavljanje preglednosti in dostop javnosti do informacij o vplivih naprav na okolje in zdravje.
- Vzdrževanje varnostnih ukrepov pri rokovanju z odpadki, še posebej pri nevarnih in halogeniranih organskih spojinah.
- Uveljavitev ukrepov v primeru prekoračitve mejnih vrednosti emisij ter ob motnjah ali okvarah naprav.
Območje uporabe in vključeni akterji
- Direktiva se uporablja za vse sežigalnice in naprave za sosežig, ki toplotno obdelujejo odpadke, z izkoriščanjem pridobljene toplote ali brez nje, vključno z dodatnimi obratovalnimi deli naprave (sprejem, skladiščenje, čiščenje plinov, obdelava ostankov itd.).
- Izključene so naprave, ki obdelujejo izključno določene vrste odpadkov, kot so:
- Rastlinski odpadki iz kmetijstva, gozdarstva in predelovalne industrije, če se toplota izkorišča.
- Lesni odpadki, razen tistih, ki vsebujejo halogenirane organske spojine ali težke kovine.
- Radioaktivni odpadki.
- Živalska trupla, urejena z drugo direktivo (90/667/EGS).
- Odpadki z vrtalnih ploščadi.
- Eksperimentalne naprave, ki obdelujejo manj kot 50 ton odpadkov na leto.
- Upravljavci naprav so odgovorni za zagotavljanje skladnosti z določbami direktive ter pridobitev in upoštevanje dovoljenj.
Časovni okvir za izvedbo
- Direktiva določa naslednje pomembne roke za obstoječe naprave:
- Obstojne sežigalnice in naprave za sosežig, ki so imeli dovoljenje pred 28. decembrom 2002, lahko obratujejo.
- Obrati s popolno vlogo za dovoljenje pred 28. decembrom 2002 morajo začeti obratovati do 28. decembra 2004.
- Države članice morajo implementirati direktivo v svojo nacionalno zakonodajo in zagotoviti delovanje sistema dovoljenj, merjenja emisij in nadzora.
- Komisija spremlja izvajanje direktive, pripravlja poročila o rezultatih in predlaga potrebne prilagoditve.
- Državam članicam se priporoča, da uvedejo učinkovite, sorazmerne in odvračilne sankcije za kršitve določb direktive.
Direktiva 2000/76/ES je ključen pravni okvir, ki omogoča dosledno upravljanje in nadzor sežiganja odpadkov v EU, z jasnim ciljem varovanja okolja in zdravja prebivalstva z uporabo modernih tehnologij in strogih okoljskih standardov.
Direktiva 2000/76/ES se uporablja za sežigalnice in naprave za sosežig odpadkov. Nanaša se na obratovanje naprav, ki termično obdelujejo trdne ali tekoče odpadke z namenom preprečevanja ali omejevanja negativnih okoljskih učinkov, predvsem emisij onesnaževal v zrak, tla in vodo, ter zmanjševanja tveganja za zdravje ljudi. Iz uporabe so izključene naprave, ki obdelujejo le določene vrste rastlinskih odpadkov iz kmetijstva, gozdarstva in živilske predelave, lesne odpadke brez halogeniranih spojin ali težkih kovin, pluto, radioaktivne odpadke, živalska trupla po Direktivi 90/667/EGS ter odpadke iz iskanja in izkoriščanja nafte in plina na vrtalnih ploščadih. Prav tako izključi eksperimentalne naprave za raziskave, ki obdelajo manj kot 50 ton odpadkov na leto. Direktiva določa stroge tehnične zahteve in mejne vrednosti emisij za naprave nad določenimi zmogljivostmi, da zagotovi visoko raven varstva okolja in zdravja ljudi.
General Information
This document specifies an empirical method for the simultaneous direct determination of the fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and sulfur content in environmental solid matrices by oxidative pyrohydrolytic combustion at (1 050 ± 50) °C, followed by ion chromatography. The method is applicable for the determination of concentrations ≥ 10 mg/kg of each element based on dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depends on the blank levels of the instrumentation and the capacity of the chromatographic separation column used for determination.
NOTE 1 Simultaneous determination of iodine content is possible but currently not validated.
NOTE 2 Other detection methods can be applied if validated.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an empirical method for the simultaneous direct determination of the fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and sulfur content in environmental solid matrices by oxidative pyrohydrolytic combustion at (1 050 ± 50) °C, followed by ion chromatography. The method is applicable for the determination of concentrations ≥ 10 mg/kg of each element based on dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depends on the blank levels of the instrumentation and the capacity of the chromatographic separation column used for determination.
NOTE 1 Simultaneous determination of iodine content is possible but currently not validated.
NOTE 2 Other detection methods can be applied if validated.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the calibration and validation (QAL2), the ongoing quality assurance during operation (QAL3) and the annual surveillance test (AST) of AMS used for monitoring total mercury emissions from stationary sources to demonstrate compliance with an emission limit value (ELV). This document is derived from EN 14181 and is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This document is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13211.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the calibration and validation (QAL2), the ongoing quality assurance during operation (QAL3) and the annual surveillance test (AST) of AMS used for monitoring total mercury emissions from stationary sources to demonstrate compliance with an emission limit value (ELV). This document is derived from EN 14181 and is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This document is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13211.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded non-woody briquettes. This document covers only non-woody briquettes produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1):
— 2 Herbaceous biomass
— 3 Fruit biomass
— 4 Aquatic biomass
— 5 Biomass blends and mixtures
NOTE 1 Herbaceous biomass originates from plants that have a non-woody stem and which die back at the end of the growing season. It includes grains or seeds crops from food production or processing industry and their by-products such as cereals.
NOTE 2 Blends and mixtures include blends and mixtures from the main origin-based solid biofuel groups woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and aquatic biomass.
Blends are intentionally mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the blend and mixture is to be described using ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1.
If solid biofuel blend or mixture contains chemically treated material it shall be stated.
NOTE 3 Thermally treated biomass briquettes (e.g. torrefied briquettes) are not included in the scope of this document
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded non-woody briquettes. This document covers only non-woody briquettes produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1):
— 2 Herbaceous biomass
— 3 Fruit biomass
— 4 Aquatic biomass
— 5 Biomass blends and mixtures
NOTE 1 Herbaceous biomass originates from plants that have a non-woody stem and which die back at the end of the growing season. It includes grains or seeds crops from food production or processing industry and their by-products such as cereals.
NOTE 2 Blends and mixtures include blends and mixtures from the main origin-based solid biofuel groups woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and aquatic biomass.
Blends are intentionally mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the blend and mixture is to be described using ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1.
If solid biofuel blend or mixture contains chemically treated material it shall be stated.
NOTE 3 Thermally treated biomass briquettes (e.g. torrefied briquettes) are not included in the scope of this document
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the conversion of raw data from an automated measuring system (AMS) to reported data by a data acquisition and handling system (DAHS). This specification includes:
- requirements for the handling of data,
- requirements for the reporting of data,
- calculation procedures required.
The main items covered by this European Standard are given by, but not limited to raw data acquisition, raw data validation, data correction and data averaging.
This European Standard supports the requirements of EN 14181 and legislation such as the IED and E-PRTR. It does not preclude the use of additional features and functions provided the minimum requirements of this European Standard are met and that these features do not adversely affect data quality, clarity or access.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the conversion of raw data from an automated measuring system (AMS) to reported data by a data acquisition and handling system (DAHS). This specification includes:
- requirements for the handling of data,
- requirements for the reporting of data,
- calculation procedures required.
The main items covered by this European Standard are given by, but not limited to raw data acquisition, raw data validation, data correction and data averaging.
This European Standard supports the requirements of EN 14181 and legislation such as the IED and E-PRTR. It does not preclude the use of additional features and functions provided the minimum requirements of this European Standard are met and that these features do not adversely affect data quality, clarity or access.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
In the framework of EU Directive 99/31/EC [1] and EU Directive 2000/76/EC [2] halogens and sulfur need to be determined on waste samples. The implementation of the combustion-IC technique would allow in one single run the combustion of the sample followed by the determination of the halogens and sulfur with ion chromatography. Moreover, this instrument may be provided with a sample carrousel for both solids and liquids, allowing an automation of these type of analyses.
Recent developments of the C-IC technology have made this technique interesting for the determination of halogens and sulfur in waste samples. Therefore, a document on the current progress of the C-IC technology was prepared, including the evaluation of the performance of different commercially available systems and the presentation of analytical results obtained on certified reference materials and waste samples.
- Technical report25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
In the framework of EU Directive 99/31/EC [1] and EU Directive 2000/76/EC [2] halogens and sulfur need to be determined on waste samples. The implementation of the combustion-IC technique would allow in one single run the combustion of the sample followed by the determination of the halogens and sulfur with ion chromatography. Moreover, this instrument may be provided with a sample carrousel for both solids and liquids, allowing an automation of these type of analyses.
Recent developments of the C-IC technology have made this technique interesting for the determination of halogens and sulfur in waste samples. Therefore, a document on the current progress of the C-IC technology was prepared, including the evaluation of the performance of different commercially available systems and the presentation of analytical results obtained on certified reference materials and waste samples.
- Technical report25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification describes a method for sampling and determining the concentration of gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions from stacks. This method is based on instrumental techniques. It is applicable to both periodic measurements and the calibration of automated measuring systems permanently installed on stacks, for regulatory or other purposes.
- Technical specification45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16994:2016 describes methods for the determination of the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. It specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in ISO 16994:2016, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in ISO 16994:2016.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16993:2016 gives formulae which allow analytical data relating to solid biofuels to be expressed on the different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be applied to certain determined values for solid biofuels prior to their calculation to other bases.
In Annex A, tools for integrity checks of analytical results are given. In Annex B, conversion factors for calculation into other units are given. Annex C is a guideline for the use of validation parameters as can be found in ISO/TC 238 analytical standards.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification describes a method for sampling and determining the concentration of gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions from stacks. This method is based on instrumental techniques. It is applicable to both periodic measurements and the calibration of automated measuring systems permanently installed on stacks, for regulatory or other purposes.
- Technical specification45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16993:2016 gives formulae which allow analytical data relating to solid biofuels to be expressed on the different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be applied to certain determined values for solid biofuels prior to their calculation to other bases.
In Annex A, tools for integrity checks of analytical results are given. In Annex B, conversion factors for calculation into other units are given. Annex C is a guideline for the use of validation parameters as can be found in ISO/TC 238 analytical standards.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16994:2016 describes methods for the determination of the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. It specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in ISO 16994:2016, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in ISO 16994:2016.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16968:2015 is intended for the determination of the minor elements Arsenic, Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Mercury, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Lead, Antimony, Vanadium, and Zinc in all solid biofuels. Further, it describes methods for sample decomposition and suggests suitable instrumental methods for the determination of the elements of interest in the digests. The determination of other elements such as Selenium, Tin, and Thallium is also possible with the method described in this International Standard.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16948:2015 describes a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents in solid biofuels.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16967:2015 describes methods for the determination of major elements of solid biofuels respectively of their ashes, which are Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na, Ti. The determination of other elements such as barium (Ba) and manganese (Mn) is also possible with the methods described in ISO 16967:2015.
ISO 16967:2015 includes two parts: Part A describes the direct determination on the fuel, this method is also applicable for sulfur and minor elements, Part B gives a method of determination on a prepared 550 °C ash.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16995:2015 describes a method for the determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium content in solid biofuels by extraction with water in a closed container and their subsequent quantification by different analytical techniques.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16968:2015 is intended for the determination of the minor elements Arsenic, Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Mercury, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Lead, Antimony, Vanadium, and Zinc in all solid biofuels. Further, it describes methods for sample decomposition and suggests suitable instrumental methods for the determination of the elements of interest in the digests. The determination of other elements such as Selenium, Tin, and Thallium is also possible with the method described in this International Standard.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16948:2015 describes a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents in solid biofuels.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16967:2015 describes methods for the determination of major elements of solid biofuels respectively of their ashes, which are Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na, Ti. The determination of other elements such as barium (Ba) and manganese (Mn) is also possible with the methods described in ISO 16967:2015.
ISO 16967:2015 includes two parts: Part A describes the direct determination on the fuel, this method is also applicable for sulfur and minor elements, Part B gives a method of determination on a prepared 550 °C ash.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification CEN/TS 1948-5 specifies the long-term sampling of PCDD/PCDF/PCB concentrations in emissions of stationary sources. It is intended to base the new method on EN 1948 Part 2, 3, 4 "Analyses of PCDD/PCDF/PCB".
The development of the new method is necessary due to the enhanced demand of several European countries and of the European Commission with regard to possible amendment of the Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76.
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/stationary.htm#2
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/technical_annex2.pdf
Preferably the development of the method has to be done by validation measurements.
- Technical specification80 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16995:2015 describes a method for the determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium content in solid biofuels by extraction with water in a closed container and their subsequent quantification by different analytical techniques.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification CEN/TS 1948-5 specifies the long-term sampling of PCDD/PCDF/PCB concentrations in emissions of stationary sources. It is intended to base the new method on EN 1948 Part 2, 3, 4 "Analyses of PCDD/PCDF/PCB".
The development of the new method is necessary due to the enhanced demand of several European countries and of the European Commission with regard to possible amendment of the Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76.
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/stationary.htm#2
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/technical_annex2.pdf
Preferably the development of the method has to be done by validation measurements.
- Technical specification80 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16911-1:2013 specifies a method for periodic determination of the axial velocity and volume flow rate of gas within emissions ducts and stacks. It is applicable for use in circular or rectangular ducts with measurement locations meeting the requirements of EN 15259. Minimum and maximum duct sizes are driven by practical considerations of the measurement devices described within ISO 16911-1:2013.
ISO 16911-1:2013 requires all flow measurements to have demonstrable metrological traceability to national or international primary standards.
To be used as a standard reference method, the user is required to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are equal to or better than the performance criteria defined in ISO 16911-1:2013 and that the overall uncertainty of the method, expressed with a level of confidence of 95 %, is determined and reported. The results for each method defined in ISO 16911-1:2013 have different uncertainties within a range of 1 % to 10 % at flow velocities of 20 m/s.
Methods further to these can be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence, based on the principles of CEN/TS 14793.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16911-2:2013 describes specific requirements for automated measuring system (AMS) flow monitoring. It is partly derived from EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMSs and is applicable in conjunction with that document.
ISO 16911-2:2013 specifies conditions and criteria for the choice, mounting, commissioning and calibration of AMSs used for determining the volume flow rate from a source in ducted gaseous streams. ISO 16911-2:2013 is applicable by correlation with the manual reference methods described in ISO 16911-1.
ISO 16911-2:2013 is primarily developed for monitoring emissions from waste incinerators and large combustion plants. From a technical point of view, it can be applied to other processes for which flow rate measurement is required with a defined and minimized uncertainty.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16911-2:2013 describes specific requirements for automated measuring system (AMS) flow monitoring. It is partly derived from EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMSs and is applicable in conjunction with that document.
ISO 16911-2:2013 specifies conditions and criteria for the choice, mounting, commissioning and calibration of AMSs used for determining the volume flow rate from a source in ducted gaseous streams. ISO 16911-2:2013 is applicable by correlation with the manual reference methods described in ISO 16911-1.
ISO 16911-2:2013 is primarily developed for monitoring emissions from waste incinerators and large combustion plants. From a technical point of view, it can be applied to other processes for which flow rate measurement is required with a defined and minimized uncertainty.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16911-1:2013 specifies a method for periodic determination of the axial velocity and volume flow rate of gas within emissions ducts and stacks. It is applicable for use in circular or rectangular ducts with measurement locations meeting the requirements of EN 15259. Minimum and maximum duct sizes are driven by practical considerations of the measurement devices described within ISO 16911-1:2013.
ISO 16911-1:2013 requires all flow measurements to have demonstrable metrological traceability to national or international primary standards.
To be used as a standard reference method, the user is required to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are equal to or better than the performance criteria defined in ISO 16911-1:2013 and that the overall uncertainty of the method, expressed with a level of confidence of 95 %, is determined and reported. The results for each method defined in ISO 16911-1:2013 have different uncertainties within a range of 1 % to 10 % at flow velocities of 20 m/s.
Methods further to these can be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence, based on the principles of CEN/TS 14793.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
In the framework of the EU Directive 99/31/EC on the landfill of waste and the EU Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste there is a growing need for fast, easy-to-handle screening tools. In this respect, low costs, fast analyses, control of truck loads and yes/no-acceptance decisions are relevant criteria. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique meets these requirements as a screening tool for on-site verification on the landfill and for entrance control on the incineration plants.
Recent developments of the XRF technology have made this technique a method of choice for on-site analysis, namely miniaturisation of the XRF system (X-ray tube), the optimisation of the calibration programmes and the improvement of the detectors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art document on the current progress of the XRF technology and instruments available for on-site analysis shall support the key arguments, dealing with the pro’s and contra’s, and the performance of these systems to be expected.
The XRF standard EN 15309, is validated for Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, and describes in the informative annex the procedures for hand-held XRF systems together with the portable/transportable systems (placed in mobile labs). Although XRF can analyse a broad range of elements, the main focus of this document is on the series of elements that is also being covered by EN 15309. Of that series the following elements are related to the landfill directive: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn.
The information in this document will be useful in all cases in which on-site determination of the elemental compositions of waste is needed and hand-held instrumentation is therefore used. These cases may include, beside landfills and incineration plant, also waste treatment plants, contaminations soil sites and controls of transports of waste.
- Technical report42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
In the framework of the EU Directive 99/31/EC on the landfill of waste and the EU Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste there is a growing need for fast, easy-to-handle screening tools. In this respect, low costs, fast analyses, control of truck loads and yes/no-acceptance decisions are relevant criteria. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique meets these requirements as a screening tool for on-site verification on the landfill and for entrance control on the incineration plants.
Recent developments of the XRF technology have made this technique a method of choice for on-site analysis, namely miniaturisation of the XRF system (X-ray tube), the optimisation of the calibration programmes and the improvement of the detectors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art document on the current progress of the XRF technology and instruments available for on-site analysis shall support the key arguments, dealing with the pro’s and contra’s, and the performance of these systems to be expected.
The XRF standard EN 15309, is validated for Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, and describes in the informative annex the procedures for hand-held XRF systems together with the portable/transportable systems (placed in mobile labs). Although XRF can analyse a broad range of elements, the main focus of this document is on the series of elements that is also being covered by EN 15309. Of that series the following elements are related to the landfill directive: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn.
The information in this document will be useful in all cases in which on-site determination of the elemental compositions of waste is needed and hand-held instrumentation is therefore used. These cases may include, beside landfills and incineration plant, also waste treatment plants, contaminations soil sites and controls of transports of waste.
- Technical report42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The method described in this European Standard determines the concentration of chlorinated compounds in a flue gas that - after passage of the sampling system including a particle filter - give Cl- ions in the absorption solution. This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration. The method applies to waste gases in which chlorides concentration expressed as HCl may vary between
1 mg m-3 and 5 000 mg m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions (see Note 1), and according to emission limit values laid down, for example, in the Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
NOTE 1 The limit values of this European Standard are expressed in mg HCl/m3, on dry basis, at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa and at the reference O2 concentration.
NOTE 2 The required uncertainty results from the capacity of the method tested in the field (Annex D) and in the laboratory (see performance characteristics in Tables 1 and 2 and Annex C).
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The method described in this European Standard determines the concentration of chlorinated compounds in a flue gas that - after passage of the sampling system including a particle filter - give Cl- ions in the absorption solution. This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration. The method applies to waste gases in which chlorides concentration expressed as HCl may vary between
1 mg m-3 and 5 000 mg m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions (see Note 1), and according to emission limit values laid down, for example, in the Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
NOTE 1 The limit values of this European Standard are expressed in mg HCl/m3, on dry basis, at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa and at the reference O2 concentration.
NOTE 2 The required uncertainty results from the capacity of the method tested in the field (Annex D) and in the laboratory (see performance characteristics in Tables 1 and 2 and Annex C).
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the long-term sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs. There are three different sampling methods, which are based on the three different principles described of EN 1948-1, but partially modified for long-term sampling requirements:
— filter/condenser method;
— dilution method;
— cooled probe method.
Each sampling method is illustrated in detail in an Annex. The sampling methods described in this document are designed for a sampling duration of typically up to four weeks.
Additionally, this document specifies a framework of quality control requirements to be applied respectively recommended for any long-term sampling method.
With the methods described, experiences were gained for a concentration range up to 4,0 ng TEQ/m³, respectively at various stationary sources (e.g., waste incinerators, sinter plants, cement kilns).
- Draft92 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the long-term sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs. There are three different sampling methods, which are based on the three different principles described of EN 1948-1, but partially modified for long-term sampling requirements:
— filter/condenser method;
— dilution method;
— cooled probe method.
Each sampling method is illustrated in detail in an Annex. The sampling methods described in this document are designed for a sampling duration of typically up to four weeks.
Additionally, this document specifies a framework of quality control requirements to be applied respectively recommended for any long-term sampling method.
With the methods described, experiences were gained for a concentration range up to 4,0 ng TEQ/m³, respectively at various stationary sources (e.g., waste incinerators, sinter plants, cement kilns).
- Draft92 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general principles of certification, including common procedures and requirements, for the certification of air quality monitoring equipment (AQME).
This document applies to the certification of AQME for ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.
This document provides for the certification of AQME according to the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012.
This document elaborates and supplements the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012 for bodies certifying AQME. It specifies requirements on testing laboratories as well as the manufacturer’s quality management system (QMS) and the surveillance for the manufacturing process as part of the certification process.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system (QMS), the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent changes on the performance of certified air quality monitoring equipment (AQME).
This document also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s QMS.
This document elaborates and supplements the requirements of EN ISO 9001:2015.
- Draft18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general principles of certification, including common procedures and requirements, for the certification of air quality monitoring equipment (AQME).
This document applies to the certification of AQME for ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.
This document provides for the certification of AQME according to the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012.
This document elaborates and supplements the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012 for bodies certifying AQME. It specifies requirements on testing laboratories as well as the manufacturer’s quality management system (QMS) and the surveillance for the manufacturing process as part of the certification process.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system, the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent design changes on the performance of certified air quality monitoring equipment (AQME).
This document also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s quality management system. This document elaborates and supplements the requirements of EN ISO 9001:2015.
- Draft18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 18134-2:2017 describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and is used when the highest precision is not needed, e.g. for routine production control on site. The method described in ISO 18134 (all parts) is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 17831-1:2015 defines a determination method for testing the mechanical durability of pellets. The mechanical durability is a measure of the resistance of compressed fuels towards shocks and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft10 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 17831-2:2015 defines a method for determining the mechanical durability of briquettes. The mechanical durability is a measure of the resistance of compressed fuels towards shocks and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft9 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 17829:2015 specifies the methods for the determination of diameter and length of pellets. Concerning the pellet length methods for both determination of the proportion of oversized pellets and for determination of the average length are included.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 18123:2015 aims to define the requirements and method used to determine the volatile matter content of solid biofuels. It is intended for persons and organisations that manufacture, plan, sell, erect or use machinery, equipment, tools, and entire plants related to solid biofuels, and to all persons and organisations involved in producing, purchasing, selling, and utilizing solid biofuels.
The volatile matter content is determined as the loss in mass, less that due to moisture, when solid biofuel is subject to partial pyrolysis under standardized conditions.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft12 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 18122:2015 specifies a method for the determination of ash content of all solid biofuels.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 18134-2:2015 describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and may be used when the highest precision is not needed, e.g. for routine production control on site. The method described in this International Standard is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).
NOTE The term moisture content, when used with biomass materials, can be misleading since untreated biomass frequently contains varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which might evaporate when determining moisture content by oven drying (see References [2] and [3]).
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 18134-1:2015 describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and may be used when high precision of the determination of moisture content is necessary. The method described in this International Standard is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).
NOTE The term moisture content, when used with biomass materials, can be misleading since untreated biomass frequently contains varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which might evaporate when determining moisture content by oven drying (see References [2] and [3]).
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16994:2015 describes methods for the determination of the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. ISO 16994:2015 specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in ISO 16994:2015, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in ISO 16994:2015.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16993:2015 gives formulae which allow analytical data relating to solid biofuels to be expressed on the different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be applied to certain determined values for solid biofuels prior to their calculation to other bases.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 2000/76/EC covers "Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste". There are 92 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 2000/76/EC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 2000/76/EC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.