86/278/EEC - Protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture

This document specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste samples containing more than 0,1 % carbon in relation to the dry mass (dm).
NOTE   This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This document specifies an operationally defined method for the direct determination of organically bound halogens (chlorine, bromine and iodine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. AOX being a methodologically defined parameter, it is essential that the procedure is applied without any modification.
This document is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depend on the instrumentation used for determination.
NOTE This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste samples containing more than 0,1 % carbon in relation to the dry mass (dm).
NOTE   This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This document specifies an operationally defined method for the direct determination of organically bound halogens (chlorine, bromine and iodine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. AOX being a methodologically defined parameter, it is essential that the procedure is applied without any modification.
This document is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depend on the instrumentation used for determination.
NOTE This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of 17 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using liquid column chromatographic clean-up methods and GC/HRMS.
The analytes to be determined with this European Standard are listed in Table 1.
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the kind of sample, the congener, the equipment used and the quality of chemicals used for extraction and clean-up. Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limits of detection better than 1 ng/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
This method is "performance based". It is allowed to modify the method if all performance criteria given in this method are met.
NOTE   In principle this method can also be applied for sediments, mineral wastes and for vegetation. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to validate the application for these matrices. For measurement in complex matrices like fly ashes adsorbed on vegetation it can be necessary to further improve the clean-up. This can also apply to sediments and mineral wastes.

This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of 17 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using liquid column chromatographic clean-up methods and GC/HRMS.
The analytes to be determined with this European Standard are listed in Table 1.
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the kind of sample, the congener, the equipment used and the quality of chemicals used for extraction and clean-up. Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limits of detection better than 1 ng/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
This method is "performance based". It is allowed to modify the method if all performance criteria given in this method are met.
NOTE   In principle this method can also be applied for sediments, mineral wastes and for vegetation. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to validate the application for these matrices. For measurement in complex matrices like fly ashes adsorbed on vegetation it can be necessary to further improve the clean-up. This can also apply to sediments and mineral wastes.

This Technical Specification specifies a test procedure for the determination of the content of unwanted viable weed seeds and plant propagules in growing media and soil improvers (see also Annex B for validation results).
The method in general is also applicable to soils and sludges.

This Technical Specification specifies a method to determine the physical impurities > 2 mm and stones > 5 mm in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Fragments of wood or bark can be acceptable constituents of the sample.

This Technical Specification specifies a method to determine the physical impurities > 2 mm and stones > 5 mm in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Fragments of wood or bark can be acceptable constituents of the sample.

This Technical Specification specifies a test procedure for the determination of the content of unwanted viable weed seeds and plant propagules in growing media and soil improvers (see also Annex B for validation results).
The method in general is also applicable to soils and sludges.

This Technical Report specifies three methods for the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli in sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
-   Method A - Membrane filtration method for quantification (see Clause 6);
-   Method B - Miniaturised method (Most Probable Number, MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium (see Clause 7);
-   Method C - Macromethod (Most Probable Number) in liquid medium (see Clause 8).

The determination of the specific electrical conductivity is carried out to obtain an indication of the content of water-soluble electrolytes in soil, treated biowaste and sludge.
WARNING — Persons using this Technical Specification should be familiar with usual laboratory practice. This Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this Technical Specification be carried out by suitably trained staff.

This Technical Report specifies three methods for the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli in sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
-   Method A - Membrane filtration method for quantification (see Clause 6);
-   Method B - Miniaturised method (Most Probable Number, MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium (see Clause 7);
-   Method C - Macromethod (Most Probable Number) in liquid medium (see Clause 8).

This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.

This European Standard specifies a method for microwave digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil using nitric acid.
This method is applicable for microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soils for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with nitric acid will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.

This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters.
The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample.
This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary (see Clause 8) and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions (Clause 10).
For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures (see 10.2) to prepare:
-   test samples for tests under field moist conditions;
-   test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.;
-   test samples of liquid sludge.
For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified:
-   a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured (see 10.3.2);
-   a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible (see 10.3.3);
-   a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required (see 10.3.4).
The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material (see Clause 5 and 8.3), the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.

This European Standard specifies the determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl procedure in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Nitrate and nitrite are not included.
Compounds with nitrogen bound in N-N, N-O linkages and some heterocycles (pyridines) are only partially determined.
The limit of detection (LOD) is usually 0,03 % nitrogen, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 % nitrogen (using 0,25 mol/l sulfuric acid for titration).

This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature and origin of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (mass fraction) of dry residue or more than 1 % (mass fraction) of water.
Method A applies to sludge, treated biowaste, soil and solid waste, Method B applies to liquid waste and to samples which are suspected or known to contain volatiles except for water.

This European Standard specifies a method for microwave digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil using nitric acid.
This method is applicable for microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soils for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with nitric acid will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.

This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters.
The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample.
This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary (see Clause 8) and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions (Clause 10).
For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures (see 10.2) to prepare:
-   test samples for tests under field moist conditions;
-   test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.;
-   test samples of liquid sludge.
For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified:
-   a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured (see 10.3.2);
-   a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible (see 10.3.3);
-   a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required (see 10.3.4).
The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material (see Clause 5 and 8.3), the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.

This European Standard specifies the determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl procedure in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Nitrate and nitrite are not included.
Compounds with nitrogen bound in N-N, N-O linkages and some heterocycles (pyridines) are only partially determined.
The limit of detection (LOD) is usually 0,03 % nitrogen, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 % nitrogen (using 0,25 mol/l sulfuric acid for titration).

This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.

This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sludge, treated biowaste and soil after extraction with a 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution. The extraction method is suitable for fresh samples.
The determination of nitrogen fractions can be done manually or by automated methods.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of selected phthalates in sludge, treated biowaste and soil, after extraction and gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection.
The method is applicable for the determination of phthalates (see Table 2) at the lowest mass content of 0,1 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter), depending on the individual substance.
The applicability of the method to other phthalates not specified in Table 2 is not excluded except the isomeric mixtures e.g. DiNP (Di-isononylphthalate), but shall be verified in each case.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of nonylphenols (NP), nonylphenol-monoethoxylates (NP1EO) and nonylphenol-diethoxylates (NP2EO) in sludge using GC-MS.
For sludge a limit of detection of 0,1 mg/kg and for soil and treated bio-waste 0,02 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE   4-tert-octylphenol can also be analysed with this method.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) or a mass selective detector (MS).
This Technical Specification specifies the determination of the sum of LAS. Under the conditions specified in this Technical Specification, typically a limit of detection of 20 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for sludge and of 0,2 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg for soil and treated biowaste may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE   The single LAS homologues C10 to C14 can be determined by this Technical Specification.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) or a mass selective detector (MS).
This Technical Specification specifies the determination of the sum of LAS. Under the conditions specified in this Technical Specification, typically a limit of detection of 20 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for sludge and of 0,2 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg for soil and treated biowaste may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE   The single LAS homologues C10 to C14 can be determined by this Technical Specification.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of selected phthalates in sludge, treated biowaste and soil, after extraction and gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection.
The method is applicable for the determination of phthalates (see Table 2) at the lowest mass content of 0,1 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter), depending on the individual substance.
The applicability of the method to other phthalates not specified in Table 2 is not excluded except the isomeric mixtures e.g. DiNP (Di-isononylphthalate), but shall be verified in each case.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of nonylphenols (NP), nonylphenol-monoethoxylates (NP1EO) and nonylphenol-diethoxylates (NP2EO) in sludge using GC-MS.
For sludge a limit of detection of 0,1 mg/kg and for soil and treated bio-waste 0,02 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE   4-tert-octylphenol can also be analysed with this method.

This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sludge, treated biowaste and soil after extraction with a 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution. The extraction method is suitable for fresh samples.
The determination of nitrogen fractions can be done manually or by automated methods.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the thickenability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from:
¾   storm water handling;
¾   urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾   urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾   treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271 EEC);
¾   water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the capillary suction time. This document is applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions from:
¾   storm water handling;
¾   urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾   urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾   treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);
¾   water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the settleability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from:
¾   storm water handling;
¾   urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾   urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾   treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271 EEC);
¾   water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.

This document specifies a method to determine the compressibility of sludges, conditioned or not.
This document is applicable to sludges and sludge suspensions from:
   storm water handling;
   urban wastewater collecting systems;
   urban wastewater treatment plants;
   treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);
   water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions of other origin.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the capillary suction time. This document is applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions from:
¾   storm water handling;
¾   urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾   urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾   treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);
¾   water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the settleability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from:
¾   storm water handling;
¾   urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾   urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾   treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271 EEC);
¾   water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the thickenability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from:
¾   storm water handling;
¾   urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾   urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾   treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271 EEC);
¾   water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.

This document specifies a method to determine the compressibility of sludges, conditioned or not.
This document is applicable to sludges and sludge suspensions from:
   storm water handling;
   urban wastewater collecting systems;
   urban wastewater treatment plants;
   treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);
   water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions of other origin.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for complete digestion of raw/digested sludge, suitable for the subsequent determination of phosphorus.
Phosphorus in environmental samples can be present in many forms. This method of pre-treatment enables the analyst to determine all forms - i.e. total phosphorus, by quantitative oxidation yielding an aqueous solution of orthophosphate which should be analysed for phosphate according to method EN ISO 6878, EN ISO 10304-2 or an equivalent validated method.
The range of the method is up to 50 g/kg P assuming appropriate dilution of the digest in the final measurement step.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for complete digestion of raw/digested sludge, suitable for the subsequent determination of phosphorus.
Phosphorus in environmental samples can be present in many forms. This method of pre-treatment enables the analyst to determine all forms - i.e. total phosphorus, by quantitative oxidation yielding an aqueous solution of orthophosphate which should be analysed for phosphate according to method EN ISO 6878, EN ISO 10304-2 or an equivalent validated method.
The range of the method is up to 50 g/kg P assuming appropriate dilution of the digest in the final measurement step.

This Technical Report gives indication on sludge utilisation within reclamation programmes of disturbed land.
This Technical Report is applicable to sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308; for example:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC [18]);
¾ water supply treatment plants;
¾ water distribution systems;
¾ sludge derived materials;
¾ but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
NOTE   Because of the wide range of reclamation sites where sludge use as a soil ameliorate or source of plant nutrients is beneficial, and the different potential final uses of these sites, recommendations for application should be considered on a site-by-site basis. It is far beyond the scope of these guidelines to describe all the possible situations and the individual ways in which sludge could be used. The aim is to address, in a general qualitative way, the key issues which will determine in each particular case whether, how much and which type of sludge can be used.
Planning considerations (clause 5) are emphasised due to the fact that a general scheme can be adopted as a

This Technical Report gives indication on sludge utilisation within reclamation programmes of disturbed land.
This Technical Report is applicable to sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308; for example:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC [18]);
¾ water supply treatment plants;
¾ water distribution systems;
¾ sludge derived materials;
¾ but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
NOTE   Because of the wide range of reclamation sites where sludge use as a soil ameliorate or source of plant nutrients is beneficial, and the different potential final uses of these sites, recommendations for application should be considered on a site-by-site basis. It is far beyond the scope of these guidelines to describe all the possible situations and the individual ways in which sludge could be used. The aim is to address, in a general qualitative way, the key issues which will determine in each particular case whether, how much and which type of sludge can be used.
Planning considerations (clause 5) are emphasised due to the fact that a general scheme can be adopted as a

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature and origin of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (mass fraction) of dry residue or more than 1 % (mass fraction) of water.
Method A applies to sludge, treated biowaste, soil and solid waste, Method B applies to liquid waste and to samples which are suspected or known to contain volatiles except for water.

The determination of the specific electrical conductivity is carried out to obtain an indication of the content of water-soluble electrolytes in soil, treated biowaste and sludge.
WARNING — Persons using this Technical Specification should be familiar with usual laboratory practice. This Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this Technical Specification be carried out by suitably trained staff.

This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limit of application of 1 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
Sludge and treated biowaste may differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PCBs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.

This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limit of application of 1 µg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
Sludge and treated biowaste may differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PCBs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.