2000/69/EC - Directive 2000/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air. Benzene, CO-2nd Daughter Directive
Directive 2000/69/EC establishes limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide concentrations in ambient air to protect human health and the environment. It mandates Member States to ensure benzene levels do not exceed 5 µg/m³ by 2010 and carbon monoxide levels do not surpass an 8-hour average of 10 mg/m³ by 2005, with specified margins of tolerance. The Directive outlines methods for air quality assessment, requiring fixed and supplementary measurements, and sets criteria for sampling locations to accurately monitor pollutant concentrations. Member States are obliged to inform the public and relevant organizations about air quality data frequently and clearly. Provisions allow for a five-year extension for benzene limit compliance under strict conditions related to site-specific challenges and socio-economic impacts. The Commission must review and report on the Directive’s implementation by the end of 2004, considering scientific advances and potential amendments. The Directive emphasizes precaution, public information, and uniform assessment techniques to maintain or improve air quality where needed, ensuring stringent health protection aligned with Community environmental policies.
Purpose
Directive 2000/69/EC aims to establish limit values for concentrations of benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air to avoid, prevent, or reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment. It supports the European Community's broader environmental and health protection policies by setting enforceable standards, assessment methods, and public information requirements. The Directive promotes improving air quality, maintaining good ambient air quality where it exists, and ensuring transparency through accessible information on pollutant concentrations.
Key obligations
Limit Values
Member States must ensure benzene and carbon monoxide concentrations do not exceed the limit values specified in the Directive's annexes by set dates, including respect for applicable margins of tolerance.Benzene Specifics
- The limit value must be reached according to the schedule in Annex I.
- A time-limited extension of up to five years may be granted by the Commission under strict conditions if meeting the limit is difficult due to site-specific climatic or dispersion factors and socio-economic impacts. The extended limit cannot exceed 10 μg/m³.
- Benzene is recognized as a genotoxic carcinogen with no safe threshold.
Carbon Monoxide
The limit values and margins of tolerance in Annex II must be met by the specified deadlines.Assessment and Measurement
- Member States must assess pollutant concentrations using common, scientifically sound methods, including fixed monitoring stations as detailed in Annexes III to VII.
- Zones and agglomerations must be classified and reviewed at least every five years or earlier if significant changes occur.
- Sampling points must be located according to criteria ensuring representativeness, avoiding micro-environments, and protecting exposure of sensitive populations.
Public Information and Transparency
- Up-to-date information on benzene (average over 12 months) and carbon monoxide (maximum 8-hour running average) concentrations must be routinely available to the public and relevant organizations.
- Benzene data should be updated at least quarterly, ideally monthly; carbon monoxide data daily, ideally hourly.
- Reports must highlight exceedances and provide assessments and health effect information in accessible language.
Reporting
By 31 December 2004, the Commission must submit a report assessing implementation experience, recent scientific research, and technological progress, potentially proposing amendments to the Directive.Penalties
Member States shall establish effective, proportionate, and dissuasive penalties for breaches of national legislation implementing the Directive.
Affected products and actors
Pollutants Covered:
- Benzene (a carcinogenic volatile organic compound).
- Carbon monoxide (a toxic gas).
Actors:
- Member States: responsible for transposing the Directive into national law, enforcing limit values, monitoring, reporting, and public communication.
- European Commission: oversees compliance, grants possible extensions, collects data, and reports on implementation and scientific progress.
- Public and Organizations: entitled to access updated air quality information and engage with environmental, consumer, and health-care organizations.
- Operators and Authorities: responsible for emission sources and air quality management within their territories.
Implementation timeline
Adoption Date: 16 November 2000.
Transposition Deadline: 13 December 2002 – Member States must adopt necessary laws and regulations and notify the Commission without delay.
Monitoring and Reporting: Ongoing, with periodic classification reviews at least every five years.
Commission Report: Due by 31 December 2004, evaluating Directive application and proposing any needed amendments.
Limit Values Enforcement: According to dates specified in Annexes I (benzene) and II (carbon monoxide), with possible limited extensions subject to Commission approval.
The directive applies specifically to ambient air quality, focusing on controlling and limiting concentrations of benzene and carbon monoxide. It is relevant to all areas within Member States where ambient air quality is assessed and managed, including spatial zones and agglomerations. The directive covers the measurement, assessment, and management of these pollutants in outdoor air with the aim to reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment. It is applicable in all sectors contributing to benzene and carbon monoxide emissions that impact ambient air, such as traffic, industrial activities, and other sources of pollution. The directive mandates the establishment of limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide concentrations, as well as the development of action plans for zones exceeding these limits, and it requires Member States to publicly provide information on ambient air pollution levels.
Die Richtlinie 2000/69/EG legt Grenzwerte für die Konzentration von Benzol und Kohlenmonoxid in der Luft fest, um die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt zu schützen. Benzol gilt als genotoxisches Karzinogen ohne sichere Schwelle, weshalb besonders strenge Grenzwerte gelten. Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen Maßnahmen ergreifen, um diese Grenzwerte einzuhalten, und bei Schwierigkeiten wie besonderen klimatischen Bedingungen eine befristete Verlängerung beantragen. Die Richtlinie schreibt standardisierte Messmethoden, einheitliche Beurteilungskriterien sowie regelmäßige Berichte und eine transparente Information der Öffentlichkeit vor. Dabei sind auch sensitive Bevölkerungsgruppen besonders zu berücksichtigen. Die Einhaltung der Vorgaben ist spätestens ab dem 13. Dezember 2002 sicherzustellen. Die Richtlinie fördert zudem die Forschung zu den Auswirkungen von Benzol und Kohlenmonoxid sowohl in der Außen- als auch in der Innenraumluft. Sanktionen bei Verstößen sowie gegebenenfalls strengere nationale Schutzmaßnahmen sind vorgesehen. Ein umfassender Bericht der Kommission zur Bewertung und eventuellen Anpassung der Richtlinie ist bis Ende 2004 vorgesehen.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 2000/69/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 16. November 2000 legt Grenzwerte für Benzol und Kohlenmonoxid in der Luft fest. Ziel ist es, schädliche Auswirkungen dieser Schadstoffe auf die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt zu vermeiden, zu verhindern oder zu verringern. Die Richtlinie dient zudem der Beurteilung der Konzentrationen dieser Schadstoffe mit einheitlichen Methoden und Kriterien, der Beschaffung sachdienlicher Informationen sowie der öffentlichen Unterrichtung über die Luftqualität. Weiterhin soll eine gute Luftqualität erhalten bzw. eine Verschlechterung verhindert und falls nötig Verbesserungen herbeigeführt werden.
Die Richtlinie baut auf dem Vorsorgeprinzip auf und berücksichtigt die besondere Gefährlichkeit von Benzol als genotoxisches Humankarzinogen ohne sichere Schwelle. Sie setzt Mindeststandards für die Luftqualität und lässt den Mitgliedstaaten die Möglichkeit, strengere Maßnahmen zum Schutz besonders empfindlicher Gruppen wie Kinder zu ergreifen.
Hauptpflichten
Festlegung und Einhaltung von Grenzwerten:
Benzol- und Kohlenmonoxidkonzentrationen in der Luft dürfen die in den Anhängen I (Benzol) und II (Kohlenmonoxid) definierten Grenzwerte nicht überschreiten. Dabei sind auch zeitlich befristete Toleranzmargen gemäß Richtlinie 96/62/EG einzuhalten.Maßnahmen und Ausnahmen:
Bei Schwierigkeiten, die Grenzwerte aufgrund standortspezifischer Bedingungen (z.B. geringe Windgeschwindigkeit) einzuhalten, können Mitgliedstaaten bis zu einer einmaligen fünfjährigen Verlängerung der Frist für Benzol bei der Kommission beantragen, sofern umfassende Minderungsmaßnahmen getroffen wurden.Bewertung und Überwachung:
Eine regelmäßige Einstufung der Luftqualität erfolgt alle fünf Jahre oder bei signifikanten Änderungen. Die Konzentrationen müssen durch ortsfeste Messungen und bei Bedarf Modellierungen beurteilt werden, wobei Referenzmethoden anzuwenden sind.Information der Öffentlichkeit:
Die Öffentlichkeit sowie relevante Umwelt- und Gesundheitsorganisationen sind regelmäßig, klar und verständlich über aktuelle Konzentrationen und Grenzwertüberschreitungen zu informieren. Dabei gilt eine Aktualisierung mindestens dreimonatlich bei Benzol und täglich bei Kohlenmonoxid.Berichtspflicht:
Die Kommission muss bis spätestens 31. Dezember 2004 einen Bericht über die Erfahrungen mit der Richtlinie, den Stand der Forschung und mögliche Anpassungen vorlegen.Sanktionen:
Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen wirksame, verhältnismäßige und abschreckende Sanktionen bei Verstößen gegen die nationalen Vorschriften zur Umsetzung der Richtlinie festlegen.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
Die Richtlinie bezieht sich auf die Immissionen von Benzol und Kohlenmonoxid in der Umweltluft.
Betroffen sind vor allem Umweltschutzbehörden und öffentliche Stellen, die für die Messung, Überwachung und Bewertung der Luftqualität zuständig sind.
Industriebetriebe, Verkehrsbetriebe und andere Emittenten tragen indirekt Verantwortung, da ihre Emissionen die Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen beeinflussen.
Politische Entscheidungsträger und Gesetzgeber in den Mitgliedstaaten müssen die Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften erlassen und umsetzen.
Die Öffentlichkeit sowie Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutzorganisationen sind Adressaten der Informationspflichten.
Umsetzungszeitplan
Die Mitgliederstaaten mussten die erforderlichen Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften spätestens bis zum 13. Dezember 2002 umsetzen.
Die Einhaltung der Benzol-Grenzwerte ist zu den in Anhang I vorgegebenen Zeitpunkten sicherzustellen, wobei bei Bedarf eine begrenzte Verlängerung beantragt werden kann.
Die Kommission erstellt bis zum 31. Dezember 2004 einen Bewertungsbericht zur Richtlinienanwendung und zieht daraus mögliche Anpassungen der Anforderungen.
Regelmäßige Überprüfungen der Luftqualitätsbewertung sowie die Aktualisierung und Weiterentwicklung der Mess- und Bewertungsmethoden erfolgen fortlaufend, um den wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt zu berücksichtigen.
Hinweis:
Die Richtlinie setzt verbindliche Mindestanforderungen fest, die Mitgliedstaaten aber verschärfte Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Gesundheit und Umwelt ergreifen können. Die Überwachung der Luftqualität und transparente Information der Öffentlichkeit sind zentrale Elemente zur Gewährleistung eines hohen Schutzstandards.
Die Richtlinie 2000/69/EG gilt für die Festlegung und Einhaltung von Grenzwerten für die Konzentration von Benzol und Kohlenmonoxid in der Außenluft. Sie betrifft insbesondere die Luftqualität in Gebieten und Ballungsräumen innerhalb der Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union. Ziel ist es, schädliche Auswirkungen dieser Luftschadstoffe auf die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt zu vermeiden, zu verhindern oder zu verringern. Die Richtlinie umfasst die Messung, Beurteilung und Überwachung der Konzentrationen dieser Schadstoffe anhand einheitlicher Methoden und Kriterien sowie die öffentliche Information hierüber. Die Bestimmungen betreffen alle Quellen und Aktivitäten, die zur Emission von Benzol und Kohlenmonoxid beitragen, und legen Anforderungen an den Gesundheitsschutz und Umweltbedingungen fest. Zudem erlaubt die Richtlinie unter bestimmten Umständen zeitlich begrenzte Ausnahmen bei der Einhaltung der Grenzwerte. Die Anwendung erstreckt sich auf alle Mitgliedstaaten und umfasst auch die Erstellung von Maßnahmenplänen bei Überschreitungen der Grenzwerte.
La directive 2000/69/CE établit des valeurs limites pour les concentrations de benzène et de monoxyde de carbone dans l’air ambiant afin de protéger la santé humaine et l’environnement. Elle fixe des seuils d’évaluation communs, des méthodes de mesure et des critères pour la surveillance des niveaux de ces polluants. Les États membres doivent veiller au respect des valeurs limites indiquées dans les annexes, avec des marges de dépassement temporaires limitées. En cas de difficultés liées aux conditions locales, une prolongation limitée dans le temps peut être accordée pour le benzène. La directive prévoit également une information régulière et accessible au public sur la qualité de l’air, incluant les concentrations de ces polluants et les dépassements éventuels. Un rapport d’évaluation doit être soumis en 2004 afin de réexaminer les seuils à la lumière des avancées scientifiques et technologiques, notamment pour les groupes vulnérables. Les États membres doivent mettre en place les sanctions appropriées en cas de non-respect. La directive souligne l’importance d’une surveillance précise et harmonisée pour améliorer ou préserver la qualité de l’air.
Objet
La directive 2000/69/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 16 novembre 2000 a pour objectifs :
- Établir des valeurs limites pour les concentrations de benzène et de monoxyde de carbone dans l'air ambiant afin d'éviter, prévenir ou réduire les effets nocifs pour la santé humaine et l'environnement.
- Évaluer ces concentrations sur la base de méthodes et de critères communs.
- Acquérir et diffuser au public des informations appropriées sur les concentrations de ces polluants.
- Préserver une bonne qualité de l'air ambiant et l'améliorer le cas échéant en ce qui concerne le benzène et le monoxyde de carbone.
Obligations principales
Benzène
- Respecter une valeur limite maximale de concentration dans l’air, fixée à 5 µg/m³ en moyenne annuelle (voir annexe I).
- Une marge de dépassement temporaire est tolérée conformément à la directive cadre 96/62/CE.
- Sous certaines conditions climatiques ou de dispersion spécifiques, un État membre peut solliciter une prolongation limitée dans le temps (max. 5 ans) pour atteindre cette valeur limite, avec un plafond de 10 µg/m³.
- Mettre en œuvre toutes les mesures raisonnables pour abaisser les concentrations et limiter la zone concernée.
Monoxyde de carbone
- Ne pas dépasser la valeur limite fixée à 10 mg/m³ en concentration maximale glissante sur 8 heures (voir annexe II).
- Appliquer des marges de dépassement temporaire conformément à la directive 96/62/CE.
Évaluation des concentrations
- Utiliser des méthodes de mesure standardisées (fixes) et des techniques de modélisation selon des seuils minimaux et maximaux (annexes III à VII).
- Installer un nombre minimal de points de prélèvement dans chaque zone ou agglomération nécessitant des mesures.
- Classifier les zones au moins tous les cinq ans, avec révision anticipée en cas de changement significatif des activités polluantes.
Information du public
- Communiquer régulièrement des données mises à jour sur les concentrations, au moins trimestriellement pour le benzène (moyenne 12 mois) et quotidiennement pour le monoxyde de carbone (moyenne glissante sur 8 heures).
- Fournir des informations claires, accessibles et compréhensibles sur les dépassements de valeurs limites et leurs effets sur la santé.
- Associer les organismes de protection de l’environnement, associations de consommateurs et organismes de santé aux campagnes d’information.
Rapports et réexamen
- La Commission Européenne doit soumettre un rapport d’évaluation avant le 31 décembre 2004, y compris une analyse des progrès scientifiques, la qualité de l’air, la réduction des émissions, et la protection des groupes sensibles.
- Ce rapport peut être suivi de propositions d’amendements de la directive, par exemple pour des prolongations supplémentaires liées au benzène.
Sanctions
- Les États membres doivent prévoir et appliquer des sanctions effectives, proportionnées et dissuasives en cas de non-respect des dispositions nationales issues de cette directive.
Produits et acteurs concernés
- Cette directive concerne principalement les polluants atmosphériques : benzène et monoxyde de carbone.
- Les acteurs concernés sont les autorités nationales et locales chargées de la surveillance et de la gestion de la qualité de l’air, ainsi que tous les émetteurs contribuant à ces polluants (industries, transports, etc.).
- Les organismes informatifs et de protection du public jouent un rôle clé dans la diffusion des données.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
- Les États membres doivent transposer la directive en droit interne au plus tard le 13 décembre 2002.
- Les valeurs limites doivent être respectées aux dates fixées aux annexes I (benzène) et II (monoxyde de carbone).
- Les rapports d’analyse et réexamen par la Commission devaient être soumis au plus tard le 31 décembre 2004.
- Les classifications des zones sont revues au moins tous les cinq ans.
Cette directive s’inscrit dans la politique communautaire de protection de la santé et de l’environnement par l’amélioration de la qualité de l’air ambiant, en intégrant le principe de précaution et en tenant compte des progrès scientifiques et techniques.
La directive 2000/69/CE s'applique à l'air ambiant en ce qui concerne les concentrations de benzène et de monoxyde de carbone. Elle vise à établir des valeurs limites pour ces deux polluants afin d'éviter, prévenir ou réduire leurs effets nocifs sur la santé humaine et l'environnement. La directive concerne principalement l'évaluation et la gestion de la qualité de l'air extérieur dans toutes les zones et agglomérations des États membres de l'Union européenne, en incluant des méthodes et critères communs pour mesurer, surveiller et communiquer les niveaux de benzène et de monoxyde de carbone. Elle englobe les secteurs et activités susceptibles d'émettre ces polluants dans l'air ambiant, sans restriction spécifique à un type de source, mais en tenant compte des caractéristiques locales de dispersion et des conditions climatiques. Elle prévoit également l’information du public et des autorités compétentes ainsi que la possibilité pour les États membres d’établir des normes plus strictes.
Direktiva 2000/69/ES določa mejne vrednosti za koncentracije benzena in ogljikovega monoksida v zunanjem zraku za varovanje zdravja ljudi in okolja. Namen je preprečiti ali zmanjšati škodljive učinke teh onesnaževal na zdravje ter ohraniti ali izboljšati kakovost zraka. Države članice morajo izvesti ukrepe, da mejnih vrednosti ne presežejo, ter zagotoviti redno spremljanje in ocenjevanje koncentracij z uporabo skupnih metod in meril. Za benzen je mejna vrednost 5 µg/m3, za ogljikov monoksid pa 10 mg/m3 za največje 8-urno povprečje, z določenimi roki za dosego teh vrednosti. Direktiva vključuje tudi obveščanje javnosti o kakovosti zraka in vzpostavitev merilnih postaj na reprezentativnih lokacijah. Države lahko zaprosijo za časovno omejeno podaljšanje doseganja mejnih vrednosti benzena v določenih pogojih. Komunikacija podatkov Komisiji in priprava poročil sta obvezni, vključujoč pregled učinkov in tehnološki napredek do leta 2004. Sankcije za kršitve morajo biti učinkovite in sorazmerne. Direktiva spodbuja tudi nadaljnje raziskave o vplivih benzena in ogljikovega monoksida na zdravje ter okolje.
Namen
Direktiva 2000/69/ES določa mejne vrednosti za koncentracije benzena in ogljikovega monoksida v zunanjem zraku z namenom preprečevanja ali zmanjševanja škodljivih učinkov na zdravje ljudi in okolje. Cilj je zagotoviti enotno ocenjevanje kakovosti zraka po skupnih metodah in merilih ter zagotavljanje dostopa do informacij o kakovosti zraka za javnost. Direktiva prav tako podpira ohranjanje dobre kakovosti zraka in njeno izboljšanje, kjer je to potrebno.
Ključne obveznosti
- Države članice morajo zagotoviti, da koncentracije benzena in ogljikovega monoksida v zunanjem zraku ne presegajo določenih mejnih vrednosti, določenih v prilogah direktive, do določenih rokov.
- Za benzen: mejna vrednost je 5 μg/m³ letno povprečje, dosežena do 1. januarja 2010 brez preseganj.
- Za ogljikov monoksid: mejna vrednost je 10 mg/m³ kot največje 8-urno povprečje, dosežena do 1. januarja 2005 brez preseganj.
- Države članice morajo vzpostaviti sisteme merjenja ter spremljanja koncentracij snovi, ki vključujejo stalna vzorčevalna mesta in uporabo modeliranja, kjer je merjenje na stalnih mestih neučinkovito.
- Zagotoviti je treba redno obveščanje javnosti in ustreznih organizacij o kakovosti zraka, vključno s pogostim posodabljanjem podatkov in informacij o presežkih mejnih vrednosti ter možnih zdravstvenih učinkih.
- Države članice so dolžne sprejeti nacionalne predpise za skladnost z direktivo, določiti sankcije za kršitve in Komisijo obvestiti o sprejetih ukrepih.
- Komisija bo do 31. decembra 2004 predložila poročilo o izvajanju direktive, ob upoštevanju znanstvenih raziskav, trendov onesnaženja, učinkovitosti ukrepov in predlogov za morebitne spremembe.
Vplivani izdelki in akterji
- Direktiva vpliva na vso področje varovanja kakovosti zunanjega zraka z vidika koncentracij benzena in ogljikovega monoksida, ki imajo vire predvsem v industriji, prometu, ogrevanju in drugih emisijskih dejavnostih.
- Države članice kot odgovorni regulatorji morajo urediti monitoring, standardizirati merilne metode ter izvajati politike za zmanjševanje izpustov.
- Okoljske organizacije, zdravstvene institucije in druge zainteresirane javnosti imajo pravico do dostopa do informacij o kakovosti zraka.
- Industrijski in prometni subjekti so posredno vključeni, saj morajo njihove emisije upoštevati predpise za dosego in vzdrževanje mejnih vrednosti na državnem nivoju.
Rok izvajanja
- Direktiva je začela veljati ob objavi v Uradnem listu EU.
- Države članice so morale do 13. decembra 2002 sprejeti potrebne zakone in uredbe za uskladitev z direktivo.
- Mejne vrednosti za benzen je bilo treba dosegati postopno, z začetnim letom preseganja decembra 2000 in popolno dosegljivostjo brez preseganj do 1. januarja 2010.
- Mejne vrednosti za ogljikov monoksid so bile zahtevane od 13. decembra 2000 s postopnim zniževanjem do popolne skladnosti do 1. januarja 2005.
- Države članice so lahko v posebnih pogojih zaprosile Komisijo za enkratno, časovno omejeno podaljšanje roka za benzen, največ za 5 let, če je izpolnjevanje mejnih vrednosti zaradi specifičnih okoliščin težavno.
Direktiva tako usmerja države članice k sistematičnemu spremljanju in upravljanju emisij teh nevarnih snovi v zunanjem zraku, z namenom zagotavljanja varovanja zdravja ljudi in okolja na področju kakovosti zraka v EU.
Direktiva 2000/69/ES določa mejne vrednosti za koncentracije benzena in ogljikovega monoksida v zunanjem zraku z namenom varovanja zdravja ljudi in okolja. Nanaša se na področja in strnjena naselja, kjer se ocenjuje kakovost zunanjega zraka glede na prisotnost teh dveh onesnaževal. Vključuje metode ocenjevanja in merjenja koncentracij na stalnih merilnih mestih ter modeliranje kakovosti zraka. Namenjena je predvsem sektorjem in dejavnostim, ki vplivajo na kakovost zunanjega zraka, zlasti urbanim in industrijskim območjem, kjer nastaja onesnaženje zaradi prometnih, industrijskih in drugih virov emisij, ki vplivajo na koncentracije benzena in ogljikovega monoksida. Države članice morajo sprejeti ustrezne ukrepe za ohranjanje in izboljšanje kakovosti zunanjega zraka v skladu z določenimi mejami in obveščati javnost o stopnji onesnaženosti.
General Information
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, solvent desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 µg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample of 1 m3 volume, typically collected over a period of 24 hours.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent and in the desorption solvent.
The method described here is based on sampling on sample tubes typically containing 100 mg of activated charcoal and desorption using carbon disulphide.
Alternative sorbents to activated charcoal may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
Alternative desorption solvents to carbon disulphide may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by diffusive sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of 14 days.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for sorbents such as graphitised carbon, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air, by diffusive sampling, solvent desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of several days or several weeks. A number of devices are recommended for the sampling of benzene, each device having a different range of applicability, particularly with regard to the optimum period of exposure.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the activated charcoal and, subject to dilution of the analysed solution, by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sampling devices or in the carbon disulphide.
Alternative sorbents to activated charcoal may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
Alternative desorption solvents to carbon disulphide may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by diffusive sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of 14 days.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for sorbents such as graphitised carbon, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air, by diffusive sampling, solvent desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of several days or several weeks. A number of devices are recommended for the sampling of benzene, each device having a different range of applicability, particularly with regard to the optimum period of exposure.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the activated charcoal and, subject to dilution of the analysed solution, by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sampling devices or in the carbon disulphide.
Alternative sorbents to activated charcoal may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
Alternative desorption solvents to carbon disulphide may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, solvent desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 µg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample of 1 m3 volume, typically collected over a period of 24 hours.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent and in the desorption solvent.
The method described here is based on sampling on sample tubes typically containing 100 mg of activated charcoal and desorption using carbon disulphide.
Alternative sorbents to activated charcoal may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
Alternative desorption solvents to carbon disulphide may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air based on the non-dispersive infrared spectroscopic measuring principle. This standard describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate non-dispersive infrared spectroscopic analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an analyser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the data quality requirements as specified in Annex I of Directive 2008/50/EC [1] and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance for use.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass con¬centration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air up to 100 mg/m3 carbon monoxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for CO for the type approval test.
NOTE 1 Other ranges may be used depending on the levels present in ambient air.
NOTE 2 When the standard is used for other purposes than for measurements required by Directive 2008/50/EC, the ranges and uncertainty requirements may not apply.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of carbon monoxide in areas classified as rural, urban-background and traffic-orientated and those influenced by industrial sources.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 20 °C and 101,3 kPa).
NOTE 3 100 mg/m3 of CO corresponds to 86 mol/mol of CO.
This standard contains information for different groups of users.
Clauses 5 to 7 and Annexes B, C and D contain general information about the principles of carbon monoxide measurement by non-dispersive infrared spectroscopic analyser and sampling equipment.
Clause 8 and Annex E are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform type-approval testing of carbon monoxide analysers. These sections contain information about:
- Type-approval test conditions, test procedures and test requirements;
- Analyser performance requirements;
- Evaluation of the type-approval test results;
- Evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the carbon monoxide analyser based on the type-approval test results.
Clauses 9 to 11 and Annex F are directed towards monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of carbon monoxide in ambient air. These sections contain information about:
- Initial installation of the analyser in the monitoring network and acceptance testing;
- Ongoing quality assurance/quality control;
- Calculation and reporting of measurement results;
- Evaluation of the uncertainty of measurement results under practical monitoring conditions.
- Standard84 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system, the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent design changes on the performance of certified automated measuring systems.
This European Standard also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s quality management system.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the general principles, including common procedures and requirements, for the product certification of automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources. This product certification consists of the following sequential stages:
a) performance testing of an automated measuring system;
b) initial assessment of the AMS manufacturer’s quality management system;
c) certification;
d) surveillance.
This European Standard applies to the certification of all AMS for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of 24 hours.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capacity of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for sorbents, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents. The detection limit will be approximately 1/10 of the lower concentration range.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union Reference Method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
The standard describes guidelines for measurements with, and type approval of, automated gas chromatographs. The use of automated instruments gives this part a different structure compared to the other parts including the procedure for selecting an appropriate automated gas chromatograph by means of type approval tests.
Requirements for use in the field are also described.
The standard is applicable to measurements of airborne benzene vapour in the concentration range from 0 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3 (Standardised to 101,3 kPa and 293 K). This concentration range represents the certification range for benzene in the type approval test.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air based on the non-dispersive infrared spectroscopic measuring principle. This standard describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate non-dispersive infrared spectroscopic analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an analyser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the data quality requirements as specified in Annex I of Directive 2008/50/EC [1] and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance for use.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass con¬centration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air up to 100 mg/m3 carbon monoxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for CO for the type approval test.
NOTE 1 Other ranges may be used depending on the levels present in ambient air.
NOTE 2 When the standard is used for other purposes than for measurements required by Directive 2008/50/EC, the ranges and uncertainty requirements may not apply.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of carbon monoxide in areas classified as rural, urban-background and traffic-orientated and those influenced by industrial sources.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 20 °C and 101,3 kPa).
NOTE 3 100 mg/m3 of CO corresponds to 86 mol/mol of CO.
This standard contains information for different groups of users.
Clauses 5 to 7 and Annexes B, C and D contain general information about the principles of carbon monoxide measurement by non-dispersive infrared spectroscopic analyser and sampling equipment.
Clause 8 and Annex E are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform type-approval testing of carbon monoxide analysers. These sections contain information about:
- Type-approval test conditions, test procedures and test requirements;
- Analyser performance requirements;
- Evaluation of the type-approval test results;
- Evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the carbon monoxide analyser based on the type-approval test results.
Clauses 9 to 11 and Annex F are directed towards monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of carbon monoxide in ambient air. These sections contain information about:
- Initial installation of the analyser in the monitoring network and acceptance testing;
- Ongoing quality assurance/quality control;
- Calculation and reporting of measurement results;
- Evaluation of the uncertainty of measurement results under practical monitoring conditions.
- Standard84 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of 24 hours.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capacity of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for sorbents, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents. The detection limit will be approximately 1/10 of the lower concentration range.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system, the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent design changes on the performance of certified automated measuring systems.
This European Standard also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s quality management system.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the general principles, including common procedures and requirements, for the product certification of automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources. This product certification consists of the following sequential stages:
a) performance testing of an automated measuring system;
b) initial assessment of the AMS manufacturer’s quality management system;
c) certification;
d) surveillance.
This European Standard applies to the certification of all AMS for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union Reference Method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
The standard describes guidelines for measurements with, and type approval of, automated gas chromatographs. The use of automated instruments gives this part a different structure compared to the other parts including the procedure for selecting an appropriate automated gas chromatograph by means of type approval tests.
Requirements for use in the field are also described.
The standard is applicable to measurements of airborne benzene vapour in the concentration range from 0 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3 (Standardised to 101,3 kPa and 293 K). This concentration range represents the certification range for benzene in the type approval test.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air based on the non-dispersive infrared measuring principle (NDIR). This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate non-dispersive infrared carbon monoxide analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air in the range from 0 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 carbon monoxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1 0 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 of CO corresponds to 0 mmol/mol to 86 mmol/mol of CO.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of carbon monoxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
NOTE 2 Other ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.
- Standard86 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air based on the non-dispersive infrared measuring principle (NDIR). This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate non-dispersive infrared carbon monoxide analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air in the range from 0 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 carbon monoxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1 0 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 of CO corresponds to 0 mmol/mol to 86 mmol/mol of CO.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of carbon monoxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
NOTE 2 Other ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.
- Standard86 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 2000/69/EC covers "Directive 2000/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air. Benzene, CO-2nd Daughter Directive". There are 18 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 2000/69/EC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 2000/69/EC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.