13.080.20 - Physical properties of soils
ICS 13.080.20 Details
Physical properties of soils
Bodenuntersuchung auf physikalische Eigenschaften
Propriétés physiques des sols
Fizikalne lastnosti tal
General Information
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This document specifies the laboratory determination of the water (moisture) content of a soil test specimen by oven-drying. The water content is required as a guide to classification of natural soils and as a control criterion in re-compacted soils and is measured on samples used for most field and laboratory tests. The oven-drying method is the definitive procedure used in usual laboratory practice.
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This document specifies a field method for the determination of soil redox potential (Eh). NOTE The electrochemical measurement of redox potential described in this document is possible only if the relevant soil horizon has a moisture status defined as fresh or wetter according to the classes presented in Annex D.
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This document specifies methods for the determination of the liquid and plastic limits of a soil. These comprise two of the Atterberg limits for soils.
The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from the liquid to the plastic state.
This document describes the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of a specimen of soil from which material larger than about 0,4 mm has been removed. This document describes two methods: the fall cone method and the Casagrande method.
NOTE The fall cone method in this document should not be confused with that of ISO 17892‑6.
The plastic limit of a soil is the water content at which a soil ceases to be plastic when dried further.
The determination of the plastic limit is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the liquid limit. It is recognized that the results of the test are subject to the judgement of the operator, and that some variability in results will occur.
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This document specifies methods for the determination of the liquid and plastic limits of a soil. These comprise two of the Atterberg limits for soils.
The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from the liquid to the plastic state.
This document describes the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of a specimen of soil from which material larger than about 0,4 mm has been removed. This document describes two methods: the fall cone method and the Casagrande method.
NOTE The fall cone method in this document should not be confused with that of ISO 17892‑6.
The plastic limit of a soil is the water content at which a soil ceases to be plastic when dried further.
The determination of the plastic limit is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the liquid limit. It is recognized that the results of the test are subject to the judgement of the operator, and that some variability in results will occur.
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This document specifies the measurement of pore water pressures and piezometric levels in saturated ground by means of piezometers installed for geotechnical monitoring. General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1.
If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674-5, the procedures described in this document allow the determination of effective stresses acting in the ground.
This document is applicable to:
— monitoring of water pressures acting on and in geotechnical structures (e.g. quay walls, dikes, excavation walls, foundations, dams, tunnels, slopes, embankments, etc.);
— monitoring of consolidation processes of soil and fill (e.g. beneath foundations and in embankments);
— evaluating stability and serviceability of geotechnical structures;
— checking geotechnical designs in connection with the Observational Design procedure.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of piezometers, installed as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References [4] and [5] This document relates to measuring devices, which are installed in the ground. For pore water pressure measurements carried out in connection with cone penetration tests, see ISO 22476-1.
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This document specifies a basic method of determining the particle size distribution applicable to a wide range of mineral soil materials, including the mineral fraction of organic soils. It also offers procedures to deal with the less common soils mentioned in the introduction. This document has been developed largely for use in the field of environmental science, and its use in geotechnical investigations is something for which professional advice might be required.
A major objective of this document is the determination of enough size fractions to enable the construction of a reliable particle-size-distribution curve.
This document does not apply to the determination of the particle size distribution of the organic components of soil, i.e. the more or less fragile, partially decomposed, remains of plants and animals. It is also realized that the chemical pre-treatments and mechanical handling stages in this document could cause disintegration of weakly cohesive particles that, from field inspection, might be regarded as primary particles, even though such primary particles could be better described as aggregates. If such disintegration is undesirable, then this document is not used for the determination of the particle size distribution of such weakly cohesive materials.
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This standard forms part 4 of the series ISO 18674, as described in ISO 18674-1: Part 1. General rules the methods and gives rules for measurement of pore water pressures in geotechnical engineering or more general in foundation engineering. Pore pressures are needed to obtain effective stresses and play a key role in the analysis of engineered construction in and on ground.
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This document specifies the measurement of pore water pressures and piezometric levels in saturated ground by means of piezometers installed for geotechnical monitoring. General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1. If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674-5, the procedures described in this document allow the determination of effective stresses acting in the ground. This document is applicable to: — monitoring of water pressures acting on and in geotechnical structures (e.g. quay walls, dikes, excavation walls, foundations, dams, tunnels, slopes, embankments, etc.); — monitoring of consolidation processes of soil and fill (e.g. beneath foundations and in embankments); — evaluating stability and serviceability of geotechnical structures; — checking geotechnical designs in connection with the Observational Design procedure. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of piezometers, installed as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References [4] and [5] This document relates to measuring devices, which are installed in the ground. For pore water pressure measurements carried out in connection with cone penetration tests, see ISO 22476-1.
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This document specifies the measurement of stress changes by means of total pressure cells (TPC). General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1.
If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674‑4, this document allows the determination of effective stress acting in the ground.
This document is applicable to:
— monitoring changes of the state of stress in the ground and in geo-engineered structures (e.g. in earth fill dams or tunnel lining);
— monitoring contact pressures at the interface between two media (e.g. earth pressure on retaining wall; contact pressure at the base of a foundation);
— checking geotechnical designs and adjustment of construction in connection with the Observational Design procedure;
— evaluating stability during or after construction.
Guidelines for the application of TPC in geotechnical engineering are presented in Annex B.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of total pressure cells as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1[1] and EN 1997-2[2].
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This document specifies a basic method of determining the particle size distribution applicable to a wide range of mineral soil materials, including the mineral fraction of organic soils. It also offers procedures to deal with the less common soils mentioned in the introduction. This document has been developed largely for use in the field of environmental science, and its use in geotechnical investigations is something for which professional advice might be required. A major objective of this document is the determination of enough size fractions to enable the construction of a reliable particle-size-distribution curve. This document does not apply to the determination of the particle size distribution of the organic components of soil, i.e. the more or less fragile, partially decomposed, remains of plants and animals. It is also realized that the chemical pre-treatments and mechanical handling stages in this document could cause disintegration of weakly cohesive particles that, from field inspection, might be regarded as primary particles, even though such primary particles could be better described as aggregates. If such disintegration is undesirable, then this document is not used for the determination of the particle size distribution of such weakly cohesive materials.
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This standard forms part 5 of the series ISO 18674, as described in ISO 18674-1: Part 1. General rules the methods and gives rules for measurement of total stresses in geotechnical engineering or more general in foundation engineering. Stresses in soil or rock are needed to judge the loading of engineered construction in the ground.
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This document specifies the measurement of stress changes by means of total pressure cells (TPC). General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1. If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674‑4, this document allows the determination of effective stress acting in the ground. This document is applicable to: — monitoring changes of the state of stress in the ground and in geo-engineered structures (e.g. in earth fill dams or tunnel lining); — monitoring contact pressures at the interface between two media (e.g. earth pressure on retaining wall; contact pressure at the base of a foundation); — checking geotechnical designs and adjustment of construction in connection with the Observational Design procedure; — evaluating stability during or after construction. Guidelines for the application of TPC in geotechnical engineering are presented in Annex B. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of total pressure cells as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1[1] and EN 1997-2[2].
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This document specifies methods for the laboratory determination of the water flow characteristics in soil.
This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of the coefficient of permeability of soil within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the determination of the coefficient of permeability of soils in the laboratory for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
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This document specifies two laboratory test methods for the determination of the effective shear strength of soils under consolidated drained conditions using either a shearbox or a ring shear device.
This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of effective shear strength parameters for soils in direct shear within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
The tests included in this document are for undisturbed, remoulded, re-compacted or reconstituted soils. The procedure describes the requirements of a determination of the shear resistance of a specimen under a single vertical (normal) stress. Generally three or more similar specimens from one soil are prepared for shearing under three or more different vertical pressures to allow the shear strength parameters to be determined in accordance with Annex B.
Special procedures for preparation and testing the specimen, such as staged loading and pre-shearing or for interface tests between soils and other materials, are not covered in the procedure of this document.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the determination of the drained shear strength of soils in direct shear for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg Mn, Na) in soils using a hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution as extractant. For soils containing calcium carbonate a calcite saturated hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution is specified particularly for determination of exchangeable Ca. This document is applicable to all types of air-dry soil samples which have been prepared according to ISO 11464.
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This document specifies methods for the laboratory determination of the water flow characteristics
in soil.
This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of the coefficient of permeability of soil
within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the determination of the coefficient of permeability of soils
in the laboratory for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
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This document specifies two laboratory test methods for the determination of the effective shear
strength of soils under consolidated drained conditions using either a shearbox or a ring shear device.
This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of effective shear strength parameters for
soils in direct shear within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
The tests included in this document are for undisturbed, remoulded, re-compacted or reconstituted
soils. The procedure describes the requirements of a determination of the shear resistance of a
specimen under a single vertical (normal) stress. Generally three or more similar specimens from
one soil are prepared for shearing under three or more different vertical pressures to allow the shear
strength parameters to be determined in accordance with Annex B.
Special procedures for preparation and testing the specimen, such as staged loading and pre-shearing
or for interface tests between soils and other materials, are not covered in the procedure of this
document.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the determination of the drained shear strength of soils in
direct shear for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
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This document specifies methods for the determination of the liquid and plastic limits of a soil. These comprise two of the Atterberg limits for soils.
The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from the liquid to the plastic state.
This document describes the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of a specimen of soil from which material larger than about 0,4 mm has been removed. This document describes two methods: the fall cone method and the Casagrande method.
NOTE The fall cone method in this document should not be confused with that of ISO 17892‑6.
The plastic limit of a soil is the water content at which a soil ceases to be plastic when dried further.
The determination of the plastic limit is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the liquid limit. It is recognized that the results of the test are subject to the judgement of the operator, and that some variability in results will occur.
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This document specifies methods for the laboratory determination of the water flow characteristics in soil. This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of the coefficient of permeability of soil within the scope of geotechnical investigations. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the determination of the coefficient of permeability of soils in the laboratory for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
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This document specifies two laboratory test methods for the determination of the effective shear strength of soils under consolidated drained conditions using either a shearbox or a ring shear device. This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of effective shear strength parameters for soils in direct shear within the scope of geotechnical investigations. The tests included in this document are for undisturbed, remoulded, re-compacted or reconstituted soils. The procedure describes the requirements of a determination of the shear resistance of a specimen under a single vertical (normal) stress. Generally three or more similar specimens from one soil are prepared for shearing under three or more different vertical pressures to allow the shear strength parameters to be determined in accordance with Annex B. Special procedures for preparation and testing the specimen, such as staged loading and pre-shearing or for interface tests between soils and other materials, are not covered in the procedure of this document. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the determination of the drained shear strength of soils in direct shear for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
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ISO 17892-9:2018 specifies a method for consolidated triaxial compression tests on water-saturated soils.
ISO 17892-9:2018 is applicable to the laboratory determination of triaxial shear strength under compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
The cylindrical specimen, which can comprise undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted soil, is subjected to an isotropic or an anisotropic stress under drained conditions and thereafter is sheared under undrained or drained conditions. The test allows the determination of shear strength, stress-strain relationships and effective stress paths. All stresses and strains are denoted as positive numerical values in compression.
NOTE 1 This document provides a test for a single specimen. A set of at least three relatable tests are required to determine the shear strength parameters from these tests. Procedures for evaluating the results are included in Annex B and, where required, the shear strength parameters are to be included in the report.
Special procedures such as:
a) tests with lubricated ends;
b) multi-stage tests;
c) tests with zero lateral strain (K0) consolidation;
d) tests with local measurement of strain or local measurement of pore pressure;
e) tests without rubber membranes;
f) extension tests;
g) shearing where cell pressure varies,
are not fully covered in this procedure. However, these specific tests can refer to general procedures described in this document.
NOTE 2 This document fulfils the requirements of consolidated triaxial compression tests for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997‑1 and EN 1997‑2.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for the determination of the liquid and plastic limits of a soil. These
comprise two of the Atterberg limits for soils.
The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from the liquid to the plastic state.
This document describes the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of
a specimen of soil from which material larger than about 0,4 mm has been removed. This document
describes two methods: the fall cone method and the Casagrande method.
NOTE The fall cone method in this document should not be confused with that of ISO 17892-6.
The plastic limit of a soil is the water content at which a soil ceases to be plastic when dried further.
The determination of the plastic limit is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the
liquid limit. It is recognized that the results of the test are subject to the judgement of the operator, and
that some variability in results will occur.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 17892-8:2018 specifies a method for unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests.
ISO 17892-8:2018 is applicable to the laboratory determination of undrained triaxial shear strength under compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
The cylindrical specimen, which can comprise undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted soil, is subjected to an isotropic stress under undrained conditions and thereafter is sheared under undrained conditions. The test allows the determination of shear strength and stress-strain relationships in terms of total stresses.
Non-standard procedures such as tests with the measurement of pore pressure or tests with filter drains are not covered in this document.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997‑1 and EN 1997‑2.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg Mn, Na) in soils using a hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution as extractant. For soils containing calcium carbonate a calcite saturated hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution is specified particularly for determination of exchangeable Ca. This document is applicable to all types of air-dry soil samples which have been prepared according to ISO 11464.
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ISO 17892-7:2017 specifies a method for the unconfined compression test.
ISO 17892-7:2017 is applicable to the determination of the unconfined compressive strength for a homogeneous specimen of undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted soil under compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
This test method is useful to estimate the undrained shear strength of soil. It is noted that drainage is not prevented during this test. The estimated value for undrained shear strength is, therefore, only valid for soils of low permeability, which behave sufficiently undrained during the test.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of unconfined compression tests for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997‑1 and EN 1997‑2.
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ISO 18674-3:2017 specifies the measurement of displacements across a line by means of inclinometers carried out for geotechnical monitoring. General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1.
ISO 18674-3:2017 also refers to deflectometers (see Annex B) to supplement inclinometers for the determination of horizontal displacements across horizontal measuring lines.
NOTE In general, there are two independent displacement components acting across measuring lines. Inclinometers allow the determination of the two components for vertical measuring lines. For horizontal lines, inclinometers are limited to the determination of the vertical component only.
If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674‑2, ISO 18674-3:2017 allows the determination of displacements acting in any direction.
ISO 18674-3:2017 is applicable to:
- checking geotechnical designs in connection with the Observational Design procedure;
- monitoring of geotechnical structures prior to, during and after construction (e.g. natural slopes, slope cuts, embankments, excavation walls, foundations, dams, refuse dumps, tunnels);
- deriving geotechnical key parameters (e.g. from results of pile load tests or trial tunnelling);
- identification and monitoring of active shear planes in the ground.
NOTE ISO 18674-3:2017 fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of inclinometers as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References [1] and [2].
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for the determination of the liquid and plastic limits of a soil. These comprise two of the Atterberg limits for soils. The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from the liquid to the plastic state. This document describes the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of a specimen of soil from which material larger than about 0,4 mm has been removed. This document describes two methods: the fall cone method and the Casagrande method. NOTE The fall cone method in this document should not be confused with that of ISO 17892‑6. The plastic limit of a soil is the water content at which a soil ceases to be plastic when dried further. The determination of the plastic limit is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the liquid limit. It is recognized that the results of the test are subject to the judgement of the operator, and that some variability in results will occur.
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ISO 11508:2017 specifies two methods for the determination of particle density of soils calculated from the mass and the volume of soil particles.
The first method (4.1) is applicable to fine soil (<2 mm diameter) and the second method (4.2) is applicable to both porous and nonporous gravel and stones (>2 mm diameter).
The particle density can be used for the calculation of the proportion of solids and of the porosity of soil layers in combination with the procedure given in ISO 11272.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for consolidated triaxial compression tests on water-saturated soils.
This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of triaxial shear strength under
compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
The cylindrical specimen, which can comprise undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted
soil, is subjected to an isotropic or an anisotropic stress under drained conditions and thereafter is
sheared under undrained or drained conditions. The test allows the determination of shear strength,
stress-strain relationships and effective stress paths. All stresses and strains are denoted as positive
numerical values in compression.
NOTE 1 This document provides a test for a single specimen. A set of at least three relatable tests are required
to determine the shear strength parameters from these tests. Procedures for evaluating the results are included
in Annex B and, where required, the shear strength parameters are to be included in the report.
Special procedures such as:
a) tests with lubricated ends;
b) multi-stage tests;
c) tests with zero lateral strain (K0) consolidation;
d) tests with local measurement of strain or local measurement of pore pressure;
e) tests without rubber membranes;
f) extension tests;
g) shearing where cell pressure varies,
are not fully covered in this procedure. However, these specific tests can refer to general procedures
described in this document.
NOTE 2 This document fulfils the requirements of consolidated triaxial compression tests for geotechnical
investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests.
This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of undrained triaxial shear strength under
compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
The cylindrical specimen, which can comprise undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted
soil, is subjected to an isotropic stress under undrained conditions and thereafter is sheared
under undrained conditions. The test allows the determination of shear strength and stress-strain
relationships in terms of total stresses.
Non-standard procedures such as tests with the measurement of pore pressure or tests with filter
drains are not covered in this document.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests for
geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the unconfined compression test.
This document is applicable to the determination of the unconfined compressive strength for a
homogeneous specimen of undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted soil under
compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
This test method is useful to estimate the undrained shear strength of soil. It is noted that drainage
is not prevented during this test. The estimated value for undrained shear strength is, therefore, only
valid for soils of low permeability, which behave sufficiently undrained during the test.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of unconfined compression tests for geotechnical investigation
and testing in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 17892-9:2018 specifies a method for consolidated triaxial compression tests on water-saturated soils. ISO 17892-9:2018 is applicable to the laboratory determination of triaxial shear strength under compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations. The cylindrical specimen, which can comprise undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted soil, is subjected to an isotropic or an anisotropic stress under drained conditions and thereafter is sheared under undrained or drained conditions. The test allows the determination of shear strength, stress-strain relationships and effective stress paths. All stresses and strains are denoted as positive numerical values in compression. NOTE 1 This document provides a test for a single specimen. A set of at least three relatable tests are required to determine the shear strength parameters from these tests. Procedures for evaluating the results are included in Annex B and, where required, the shear strength parameters are to be included in the report. Special procedures such as: a) tests with lubricated ends; b) multi-stage tests; c) tests with zero lateral strain (K0) consolidation; d) tests with local measurement of strain or local measurement of pore pressure; e) tests without rubber membranes; f) extension tests; g) shearing where cell pressure varies, are not fully covered in this procedure. However, these specific tests can refer to general procedures described in this document. NOTE 2 This document fulfils the requirements of consolidated triaxial compression tests for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997‑1 and EN 1997‑2.
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ISO 17892-8:2018 specifies a method for unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests. ISO 17892-8:2018 is applicable to the laboratory determination of undrained triaxial shear strength under compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations. The cylindrical specimen, which can comprise undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted soil, is subjected to an isotropic stress under undrained conditions and thereafter is sheared under undrained conditions. The test allows the determination of shear strength and stress-strain relationships in terms of total stresses. Non-standard procedures such as tests with the measurement of pore pressure or tests with filter drains are not covered in this document. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997‑1 and EN 1997‑2.
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This document specifies two methods for the determination of particle density of soils calculated from
the mass and the volume of soil particles.
The first method (4.1) is applicable to fine soil (<2 mm diameter) and the second method (4.2) is
applicable to both porous and nonporous gravel and stones (>2 mm diameter).
The particle density can be used for the calculation of the proportion of solids and of the porosity of soil
layers in combination with the procedure given in ISO 11272.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 17892-7:2017 specifies a method for the unconfined compression test. ISO 17892-7:2017 is applicable to the determination of the unconfined compressive strength for a homogeneous specimen of undisturbed, re-compacted, remoulded or reconstituted soil under compression loading within the scope of geotechnical investigations. This test method is useful to estimate the undrained shear strength of soil. It is noted that drainage is not prevented during this test. The estimated value for undrained shear strength is, therefore, only valid for soils of low permeability, which behave sufficiently undrained during the test. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of unconfined compression tests for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997‑1 and EN 1997‑2.
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This document specifies three methods for the determination of dry bulk density of soils calculated
from the mass and the volume of a soil sample. The methods involve drying and weighing a soil sample,
the volume of which is either known [core method (see 4.1)] or determined [excavation method (see 4.2)
and clod method (see 4.4)].
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ISO 18674-3:2017 specifies the measurement of displacements across a line by means of inclinometers carried out for geotechnical monitoring. General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1. ISO 18674-3:2017 also refers to deflectometers (see Annex B) to supplement inclinometers for the determination of horizontal displacements across horizontal measuring lines. NOTE In general, there are two independent displacement components acting across measuring lines. Inclinometers allow the determination of the two components for vertical measuring lines. For horizontal lines, inclinometers are limited to the determination of the vertical component only. If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674‑2, ISO 18674-3:2017 allows the determination of displacements acting in any direction. ISO 18674-3:2017 is applicable to: - checking geotechnical designs in connection with the Observational Design procedure; - monitoring of geotechnical structures prior to, during and after construction (e.g. natural slopes, slope cuts, embankments, excavation walls, foundations, dams, refuse dumps, tunnels); - deriving geotechnical key parameters (e.g. from results of pile load tests or trial tunnelling); - identification and monitoring of active shear planes in the ground. NOTE ISO 18674-3:2017 fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of inclinometers as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References [1] and [2].
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- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard42 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 11272:2017 specifies three methods for the determination of dry bulk density of soils calculated from the mass and the volume of a soil sample. The methods involve drying and weighing a soil sample, the volume of which is either known [core method (see 4.1)] or determined [excavation method (see 4.2) and clod method (see 4.4)].
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ISO 17892-6:2017 specifies a method of undrained strength index testing of both undisturbed and remoulded specimens of fine grained soils by the fall cone method.
ISO 17892-6:2017 is applicable to the laboratory estimation of undrained shear strength of a soil test specimen within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
In the fall cone test, a cone is allowed to fall with its tip towards a soil specimen, and the resulting penetration of the cone into the soil is measured. The penetration values are used to estimate the undrained shear strength. The fall cone test produces a complex shear in the test specimen, and does not represent either a vertical triaxial compression or a horizontal shear test. However, this index test may be correlated to some estimate of undrained shear strength determined in the laboratory by other test methods.
As the test is performed on a small laboratory specimen, the result may not agree with laboratory tests on larger specimens. In addition, the test specimen may not be fully representative of the soil in its natural state in the field; for example, the test specimen may not have fissures present in situ at a larger spacing than the specimen size.
Therefore, for the above reasons, the test can be regarded as an estimation of undrained shear strength, rather than a true measurement of it.
The ratio of the remoulded shear strength to the undisturbed shear strength may be used to estimate the sensitivity of a soil specimen. Time-dependent measurement of the shear strength may be used to assess the thixotropic regain of strength of a remoulded soil specimen.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the strength index testing of soils for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997?1 and EN 1997?2.
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ISO 17892-5:2017 specifies methods for the determination of the compressibility characteristics of soils by incremental loading in an oedometer.
ISO 17892-5:2017 is applicable to the laboratory determination of the compression and deformation characteristics of soil within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
The oedometer test is carried out on a cylindrical test specimen that is confined laterally by a rigid ring. The specimen is subjected to discrete increments of vertical axial loading or unloading and is allowed to drain axially from the top and bottom surfaces. Tests may be carried out on undisturbed, remoulded, recompacted or reconstituted specimens.
The stress paths and drainage conditions in foundations are generally three dimensional and differences can occur in the calculated values of both the magnitude and the rate of settlement.
The small size of the specimen generally does not adequately represent the fabric features present in natural soils.
Analysis of consolidation tests is generally based on the assumption that the soil is saturated. In case of unsaturated soils, some of the derived parameters may not be appropriate
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the determination of the compressibility characteristics of soils in the oedometer for geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with EN 1997?1 and EN 1997?2.
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