17.040 - Linear and angular measurements
ICS 17.040 Details
Linear and angular measurements
Langen- und Winkelmessungen
Mesurage de longueur et mesurage angulaire
Linearne in kotne meritve
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This document specifies the procedures for determining the dry-film thickness of an organic coating on a metallic substrate (coil coating).
Five appropriate methods are given in this document:
a) magnetic induction;
b) eddy current;
c) micrometer;
d) optical;
e) ruggedized optical interference.
The methods are applicable only to products with smooth and flat substrates, but the coating itself can be textured. In that case, for methods a) and b), the average of a series of readings will represent an average of the thickness of the organic coating, while method c) will give the maximum thickness, method d) can provide the minimum, maximum and average thickness, and e) will give the total thickness.
Non-destructive continuous-web methods on measurement of dry-film thickness are only applicable on method a).
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This document sets out the basic terminology for ISO GPS partitioning and the framework for the fundamental procedures used in ISO GPS partitioning.
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This document defines the basic terms for partitioned features and establishes a framework for the fundamental procedures used in partition.
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This document defines the basic terms for partitioned features and establishes a framework for the fundamental procedures used in partition.
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This document sets out the procedure (or process) for the partition operations of Geometrical Product Specification and Verification. Profile and Areal surface texture are not within the scope of this document.
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This document develops partitioning for the nominal model.
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This document specifies the methods used to partition a nominal model.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the procedure for the partition operation of geometrical product specification and verification.
This document does not apply to profile and areal surface texture.
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This document specifies the methods used to partition a nominal model.
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This document specifies the procedure for the partition operation of geometrical product specification and verification. This document does not apply to profile and areal surface texture.
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This document reviews methods for measuring the thickness of metallic and other inorganic coatings on both metallic and non-metallic substrates (see Tables 1, A.1 and A.2). It is limited to tests already specified, or to be specified, in International Standards and excludes certain tests that are used for special applications.
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This document reviews methods for measuring the thickness of metallic and other inorganic coatings on both metallic and non-metallic substrates (see Tables 1, A.1 and A.2). It is limited to tests already specified, or to be specified, in International Standards and excludes certain tests that are used for special applications.
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This document gives the terminology and basic concepts attached to association, of which an elementary geometrical operation such as filtration, extraction, partition, construction, reconstruction or collection.
NOTE Association can be used, for example, to establish a datum, to establish a reference feature attached to a geometrical specification or to a surface texture specification, to establish any dimensional characteristic, to establish an intersection plane, an orientation plane, a collection plane, a direction feature.
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This document gives the terminology and basic concepts of association, including objective functions and association constraints and material offset.
This document is not intended to specify association defaults and GPS syntax which are introduced in other (ISO GPS) International Standards.
NOTE The association can be used to establish for example:
— a datum;
— a reference feature for a geometrical specification or for a surface texture specification;
— an associated toleranced feature;
— any dimensional characteristic;
— an intersection plane, an orientation plane, a collection plane or a direction feature.
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This document gives the terminology and basic concepts of association, including objective functions and association constraints and material offset. This document is not intended to specify association defaults and GPS syntax which are introduced in other (ISO GPS) International Standards. NOTE The association can be used to establish for example: — a datum; — a reference feature for a geometrical specification or for a surface texture specification; — an associated toleranced feature; — any dimensional characteristic; — an intersection plane, an orientation plane, a collection plane or a direction feature.
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This document provides information on a generalized version of the linear spline filter for uniform and non-uniform sampling and the robust spline filters for surface profiles. It supplements ISO 16610-22, ISO 16610-30 and ISO 16610-31. This document provides information on how to apply the robust estimation to the spline filter as specified in ISO 16610-22, as well as its generalized form for non-uniform sampling. The weight function chosen for the M-estimator is the Tukey biweight influence function as specified in ISO 16610-31.
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Specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position of welded structures in four classes, these being based on customary workshop accuracy. The main criterion for the selection of a particular class should be the functional requirements.
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This document provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of micrometers for external measurements:
— with analogue indication;
— with digital indication: mechanical or electronic digital display.
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This document specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position of welded structures in four tolerance classes, based on customary workshop accuracy. The main criterion for selection of a particular tolerance class is based on the functional requirements which are to be met. The applicable tolerances are always those which are stated in the drawing. Instead of specifying individual tolerances the tolerance classes according to this document can be used. General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position as specified in this document apply for weldments, welding assemblies, welded structures, etc. Special provisions can be necessary for complex structures. The specifications given in this document are based on the independency principle of ISO 8015, according to which the dimensional and geometrical tolerances apply independently of each other. Manufacturing documentation in which linear and angular dimensions or indications for shape and position are presented without individually indicated tolerances shall be deemed incomplete if there is no, or inadequate, reference to general tolerances. This does not apply to temporary dimensions.
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This document provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of micrometers for external measurements:
— with analogue indication;
— with digital indication: mechanical or electronic digital display.
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This document provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of micrometers for external measurements: — with analogue indication; — with digital indication: mechanical or electronic digital display.
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This document specifies the rules for geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing of final moulded parts and parts machined out of moulded parts. It also specifies rules and conventions for the indications of these requirements in technical product documentation and specifies the proportions and dimensions of the graphical symbols to be used. This document provides symbols for identifying the relative completeness of the moulded features and parts. These graphical symbols differ from the graphical symbols for surface texture according to ISO 1302[1], which are notably larger. This document specifies general geometrical tolerances using surface profile tolerances related to a general datum system that remains on the final part. It also specifies machining allowances and draft angles (tapers) for castings in all cast metals and their alloys produced by various casting manufacturing processes. This document establishes the general principles for presentation of general geometrical tolerances that apply to 2D technical drawings in all disciplines and trades but which are also applicable to 3D applications. NOTE All figures are shown in 2D views only. When cast datum surfaces are machined, this document is not applicable. [1]Cancelled and replaced by ISO 21920-1.
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This new part of ISO 16610 specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment. It is the areal extension of the linear profilometric spline filter as specified in ISO 16610-22.
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This Part of EN 13523 describes the procedure for determining objectively the chalking resulting from natural or artificial weathering of an organic coating on a metallic substrate. The advantage of this procedure for measuring chalking of an organic coating is that the result can be read off immediately on an instrument. Subjective judgement by visual comparison of test specimens with referencee specimens is not necessary. Experience to date with this test method has been based mainly on artificially weathered specimens. Reproductible results can only de obtained by careful execution of the test.
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This document specifies the general conditions for the thermomechanical analysis of thermoplastics and thermosetting materials, filled or unfilled, in the form of sheet or moulded parts.
Thermomechanical analysis consists of the determination of deformations of a test specimen under constant load as a function of temperature and/or time.
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This document specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment.
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This document specifies general dimensional and geometrical tolerances as well as machining allowance grades for castings using ± tolerances for indicated dimensions as delivered to the purchaser according to ISO/TS 8062-2. It is applicable for tolerancing of dimensions and geometry of castings in all cast metals and their alloys produced by various casting manufacturing processes.
This document does not apply to 3D CAD models used without indicated dimensions.
This document applies to both general dimensional and general geometrical tolerances (referred to in or near the title block of the drawing), unless otherwise specified and where specifically referred to on the drawing by one of the references in Clause 11.
The dimensional tolerances covered by this document are tolerances for linear dimensions.
The geometrical tolerances covered by this document are tolerances for:
— straightness;
— flatness;
— roundness;
— parallelism;
— perpendicularity;
— symmetry;
— coaxiality.
This document does not cover other position tolerances, angular dimensional tolerances or cylindricity tolerances.
This document can be used for the selection of tolerance values for individual indications.
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This document specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment.
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This document specifies general dimensional and geometrical tolerances as well as machining allowance grades for castings using ± tolerances for indicated dimensions as delivered to the purchaser according to ISO/TS 8062-2. It is applicable for tolerancing of dimensions and geometry of castings in all cast metals and their alloys produced by various casting manufacturing processes. This document does not apply to 3D CAD models used without indicated dimensions. This document applies to both general dimensional and general geometrical tolerances (referred to in or near the title block of the drawing), unless otherwise specified and where specifically referred to on the drawing by one of the references in Clause 11. The dimensional tolerances covered by this document are tolerances for linear dimensions. The geometrical tolerances covered by this document are tolerances for: — straightness; — flatness; — roundness; — parallelism; — perpendicularity; — symmetry; — coaxiality. This document does not cover other position tolerances, angular dimensional tolerances or cylindricity tolerances. This document can be used for the selection of tolerance values for individual indications.
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This part of ISO 25178 specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of
areal topography measuring instruments with planar rather than full 3D measurement behaviour and for
the determination of measurement uncertainty components associated with effects on the metrological
characteristics. It considers, what all areal instruments have in common, including. point sensing
instruments with lateral scanning devices. For instrument specific principles, other parts may be
developed in the 700 series of ISO standard 25178. In particular, the calibration of contacting systems
with additional arcuate motion is not covered by this standard and may be described in a future revision
of the ISO 25178-701.
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This document specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of metrological characteristics that areal topography measuring instruments have in common, as stated in ISO 25178-600.
Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the methods described in this document can be adapted to profiling instruments.
Instrument-specific issues are not covered by this document. For example, for instruments based on mechanical probing where the probe follows an additional arcuate motion, additional measures are specified in ISO 25178-701.
This document does not include procedures for area-integrating methods, although those are also stated in ISO 25178-6. For example, light scattering belongs to a class of techniques known as area-integrating methods for measuring surface topography.
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This document defines the concepts of a reference temperature and the standard reference temperature and specifies the standard reference temperature value for the specification of geometrical and dimensional properties of an object. Some examples of geometrical and dimensional properties include size, location, orientation (including angle), form and surface texture of a workpiece.
This document is also applicable to the definition of the measurand used in verification or calibration.
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This document specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of metrological characteristics that areal topography measuring instruments have in common, as stated in ISO 25178-600. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the methods described in this document can be adapted to profiling instruments. Instrument-specific issues are not covered by this document. For example, for instruments based on mechanical probing where the probe follows an additional arcuate motion, additional measures are specified in ISO 25178-701. This document does not include procedures for area-integrating methods, although those are also stated in ISO 25178-6. For example, light scattering belongs to a class of techniques known as area-integrating methods for measuring surface topography.
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This document specifies a method for non-destructive measurements of the thickness of conductive coatings on non-conductive base materials. This method is based on the principle of the sheet resistivity measurement and is applicable to any conductive coatings and layers of metal and semiconductor materials. In general, the probe has to be adjusted to the conductivity and the thickness of the respective application. However, this document focuses on metallic coatings on non-conductive base materials (e.g. copper on plastic substrates, printed circuit boards).
This method is also applicable to thickness measurements of conductive coatings on conductive base materials, if the resistivity of the coating and the base material is significantly different. However, this case is not considered in this document.
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This document specifies a method for non-destructive measurements of the thickness of conductive coatings on non-conductive base materials. This method is based on the principle of the sheet resistivity measurement and is applicable to any conductive coatings and layers of metal and semiconductor materials. In general, the probe has to be adjusted to the conductivity and the thickness of the respective application. However, this document focuses on metallic coatings on non-conductive base materials (e.g. copper on plastic substrates, printed circuit boards).
This method is also applicable to thickness measurements of conductive coatings on conductive base materials, if the resistivity of the coating and the base material is significantly different. However, this case is not considered in this document.
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This Part of EN 13523 specifies a procedure for evaluating the humidity resistance of an organic coating (coil coating) on a metallic substrate, by means of exposure in a humidity cabinet under controlled conditions.
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This Part of EN 13523 describes the procedure for determining the resistance to water immersion of an organic coating on a metallic substrate. The test is applicable to all kinds of organic coatings, including metallics and embossed, textured, pearlescent and printed coatings. The results of the test give an indication of the resistance of the coil coated metal to water. The method is not intended to reproduce any particular condition of condensation.
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This Part of EN 13523 specifies a procedure for evaluating the condensation resistance of an organic coating (coil coating) on a metallic substrate, by means of exposure in a humidity cabinet under controlled conditions.
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This document specifies the complete specification operator for surface texture by profile methods.
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This document specifies the calibration and adjustment of the metrological characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments for the measurement of surface texture by the profile method as defined in ISO 3274. The calibration and adjustment is intended to be carried out with the aid of measurement standards.
Annex B specifies the calibration and adjustment of metrological characteristics of simplified operator contact (stylus) instruments which do not conform with ISO 3274.
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This document specifies the rules for indication of surface texture by profile methods in technical product documentation by means of graphical symbols.
This document does not cover population requirements.
NOTE See ISO 18391 for population (batch) specifications.
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This document specifies terms, definitions and parameters for the determination of surface texture by profile methods.
NOTE 1 The main changes to previous ISO profile documents are described in Annex I.
NOTE 2 An overview of profile and areal standards in the GPS matrix model is given in Annex J.
NOTE 3 The relation of this document to the GPS matrix model is given in Annex K.
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This document specifies parameters for the determination of surface texture by areal methods.
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This document defines the concepts of a reference temperature and the standard reference temperature
and specifies the standard reference temperature value for the specification of geometrical and
dimensional properties of an object. Some examples of geometrical and dimensional properties include
size, location, orientation (including angle), form and surface texture of a workpiece.
This document is also applicable to the definition of the measurand used in verification or calibration.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the concepts of a reference temperature and the standard reference temperature and specifies the standard reference temperature value for the specification of geometrical and dimensional properties of an object. Some examples of geometrical and dimensional properties include size, location, orientation (including angle), form and surface texture of a workpiece. This document is also applicable to the definition of the measurand used in verification or calibration.
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This document specifies test methods for determining the slip resistance of surfaces used by pedestrians.
NOTE It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked areas.
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This document establishes definitions and evaluation methods for wheel-rail contact geometry parameters influencing the vehicle running dynamic behaviour:
- the rolling radius difference between the two wheels of a wheelset (Δr-function) which serves as a basis for all further calculations;
- the equivalent conicity function from which are derived:
- a single equivalent conicity value for a specified amplitude which is relevant for the assessment of vehicle running stability on straight track and in very large radius curves according to EN 14363;
- the nonlinearity parameter which characterizes the shape of this function and is related to the vehicle behaviour particularly in the speed range close to the running stability limit;
- the rolling radii coefficient which is used to describe the theoretical radial steering capability of a wheelset in a curved track.
Additional information is given about the relationship between the contact angles of the two wheels of a wheelset (Δtanγ-function) and about the roll angle parameter.
NOTE Out of the presented parameters only those related to the contact angle are relevant for independently rotating wheels of wheel pairs.
Descriptions of possible calculation methods are included in this document. Test case calculations are provided to achieve comparable results and to check the proper implementation of the described algorithms.
To validate alternative methods not described in this document acceptance criteria are given for the equivalent conicity function. This includes reference profiles, profile combinations, tolerances and reference results with tolerance limits.
This document also includes minimum requirements for the measurement of wheel and rail profiles as well as of the parameters needed for the transformation into a common coordinate system of right- and left-hand profiles.
This document does not define limits for the wheel-rail contact geometry parameters and gives no tolerances for the rail profile and the wheel profile to achieve acceptable results.
For the application of this document some general recommendations are given.
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This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of an optical 3D coordinate measuring system (CMS) when measuring lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the optical 3D CMS.
This document is applicable to verification of the measuring performance of CMSs if the surface characteristics (e.g. glossiness, colour) of the object to be scanned are restricted and within a cooperative range.
This document does not apply to other types of CMSs, including those covered by the other parts of the ISO 10360 series.
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This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a laser tracker by measuring calibrated test lengths, according to the specifications of the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the laser tracker. The acceptance and reverification tests given in this document are applicable to laser trackers utilizing a retroreflector, or a retroreflector in combination with a stylus or optical distance sensor, as a probing system. Laser trackers that use interferometric measurement (IFM), absolute distance measurement (ADM) or both can be verified using this document. This document can also be used to specify and verify the relevant performance tests of other spherical coordinate measurement systems that use cooperative targets, such as “laser radar” systems.
NOTE Systems which do not track the target, such as laser radar systems, will not be tested for probing performance.
This document does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical coordinate system. However, interested parties can apply this document to such systems by mutual agreement.
This document specifies:
— performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the laser tracker;
— the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements;
— rules for proving comformity;
— applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.
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This document specifies a destructive method for the measurement of the local thickness of metallic
and other inorganic coatings by examination of cross-sections with a scanning electron microscope
(SEM). The method is applicable for thicknesses up to several millimetres, but for such thick coatings it
is usually more practical to use a light microscope (see ISO 1463). The lower thickness limit depends on
the achieved measurement uncertainty (see Clause 10).
NOTE The method can also be used for organic layers when they are neither damaged by the preparation of
the cross-section nor by the electron beam during imaging.
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