17.040.40 - Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)
ICS 17.040.40 Details
Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS)
Specifikacija geometrijskih veličin izdelka (GPS)
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This document provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of micrometers for external measurements:
— with analogue indication;
— with digital indication: mechanical or electronic digital display.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of micrometers for external measurements:
— with analogue indication;
— with digital indication: mechanical or electronic digital display.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This new part of ISO 16610 specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment. It is the areal extension of the linear profilometric spline filter as specified in ISO 16610-22.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general conditions for the thermomechanical analysis of thermoplastics and thermosetting materials, filled or unfilled, in the form of sheet or moulded parts.
Thermomechanical analysis consists of the determination of deformations of a test specimen under constant load as a function of temperature and/or time.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard10 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This part of ISO 25178 specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of
areal topography measuring instruments with planar rather than full 3D measurement behaviour and for
the determination of measurement uncertainty components associated with effects on the metrological
characteristics. It considers, what all areal instruments have in common, including. point sensing
instruments with lateral scanning devices. For instrument specific principles, other parts may be
developed in the 700 series of ISO standard 25178. In particular, the calibration of contacting systems
with additional arcuate motion is not covered by this standard and may be described in a future revision
of the ISO 25178-701.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of metrological characteristics that areal topography measuring instruments have in common, as stated in ISO 25178-600.
Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the methods described in this document can be adapted to profiling instruments.
Instrument-specific issues are not covered by this document. For example, for instruments based on mechanical probing where the probe follows an additional arcuate motion, additional measures are specified in ISO 25178-701.
This document does not include procedures for area-integrating methods, although those are also stated in ISO 25178-6. For example, light scattering belongs to a class of techniques known as area-integrating methods for measuring surface topography.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of metrological characteristics that areal topography measuring instruments have in common, as stated in ISO 25178-600. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the methods described in this document can be adapted to profiling instruments. Instrument-specific issues are not covered by this document. For example, for instruments based on mechanical probing where the probe follows an additional arcuate motion, additional measures are specified in ISO 25178-701. This document does not include procedures for area-integrating methods, although those are also stated in ISO 25178-6. For example, light scattering belongs to a class of techniques known as area-integrating methods for measuring surface topography.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard28 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the complete specification operator for surface texture by profile methods.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the rules for indication of surface texture by profile methods in technical product documentation by means of graphical symbols.
This document does not cover population requirements.
NOTE See ISO 18391 for population (batch) specifications.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft58 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies terms, definitions and parameters for the determination of surface texture by profile methods.
NOTE 1 The main changes to previous ISO profile documents are described in Annex I.
NOTE 2 An overview of profile and areal standards in the GPS matrix model is given in Annex J.
NOTE 3 The relation of this document to the GPS matrix model is given in Annex K.
- Standard87 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard87 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft64 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the concepts of a reference temperature and the standard reference temperature
and specifies the standard reference temperature value for the specification of geometrical and
dimensional properties of an object. Some examples of geometrical and dimensional properties include
size, location, orientation (including angle), form and surface texture of a workpiece.
This document is also applicable to the definition of the measurand used in verification or calibration.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of an optical 3D coordinate measuring system (CMS) when measuring lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the optical 3D CMS.
This document is applicable to verification of the measuring performance of CMSs if the surface characteristics (e.g. glossiness, colour) of the object to be scanned are restricted and within a cooperative range.
This document does not apply to other types of CMSs, including those covered by the other parts of the ISO 10360 series.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft57 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a laser tracker by measuring calibrated test lengths, according to the specifications of the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the laser tracker. The acceptance and reverification tests given in this document are applicable to laser trackers utilizing a retroreflector, or a retroreflector in combination with a stylus or optical distance sensor, as a probing system. Laser trackers that use interferometric measurement (IFM), absolute distance measurement (ADM) or both can be verified using this document. This document can also be used to specify and verify the relevant performance tests of other spherical coordinate measurement systems that use cooperative targets, such as “laser radar” systems.
NOTE Systems which do not track the target, such as laser radar systems, will not be tested for probing performance.
This document does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical coordinate system. However, interested parties can apply this document to such systems by mutual agreement.
This document specifies:
— performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the laser tracker;
— the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements;
— rules for proving comformity;
— applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the calibration and adjustment of the metrological characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments for the measurement of surface texture by the profile method as defined in ISOÂ 3274. The calibration and adjustment is intended to be carried out with the aid of measurement standards.
Annex B specifies the calibration and adjustment of metrological characteristics of simplified operator contact (stylus) instruments which do not conform with ISO 3274.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the complete specification operator for surface texture by profile methods.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the calibration and adjustment of the metrological characteristics of contact
(stylus) instruments for the measurement of surface texture by the profile method as defined in
ISO 3274. The calibration and adjustment is intended to be carried out with the aid of measurement
standards.
Annex B specifies the calibration and adjustment of metrological characteristics of simplified operator
contact (stylus) instruments which do not conform with ISO 3274.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies parameters for the determination of surface texture by areal methods
- Standard73 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft59 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the rules for indication of surface texture by profile methods in technical
product documentation by means of graphical symbols.
This document does not cover population requirements.
NOTE See ISO 18391 for population (batch) specifications.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft58 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies terms, definitions and parameters for the determination of surface texture by
profile methods.
NOTE 1 The main changes to previous ISO profile documents are described in Annex I.
NOTE 2 An overview of profile and areal standards in the GPS matrix model is given in Annex J.
NOTE 3 The relation of this document to the GPS matrix model is given in Annex K.
- Standard87 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard87 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft64 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Defines terms and parameters used for determining surface texture by the motif method. It also describes the corresponding ideal operator and measuring conditions.
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Defines terms and parameters used for determining surface texture by the motif method. It also describes the corresponding ideal operator and measuring conditions.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the maximum material requirement (MMR), the least material requirement (LMR) and the reciprocity requirement (RPR). These requirements can only be applied to linear features of size of cylindrical type or two parallel opposite planes type.
These requirements are often used to control specific functions of workpieces where size and geometry are interdependent, for example to fulfil the functions “assembly of parts” (for MMR) or “minimum wall thickness” (for LMR). However, the MMR and LMR can also be used to fulfil other functional design requirements.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft67 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the complete specification operator for surface texture by profile methods.
- Draft29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the rules for indication of surface texture by profile methods in technical product documentation by means of graphical symbols. This document does not cover population requirements. NOTE See ISO 18391 for population (batch) specifications.
- Draft47 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies terms, definitions and parameters for the determination of surface texture by profile methods. NOTE 1 The main changes to previous ISO profile documents are described in Annex I. NOTE 2 An overview of profile and areal standards in the GPS matrix model is given in Annex J. NOTE 3 The relation of this document to the GPS matrix model is given in Annex K.
- Standard78 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard82 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Draft79 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This part of ISO 10360 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of an optical CMS
(coordinate measuring system) when measuring lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also
specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the
optical 3D CMS. An optical 3D CMS that this standard intends to specify is a contactless area
measuring sensor delivering 3D surface data in several individual single views by an optical measuring
principle and transforming it into a common coordinate system. Typical optical measuring principles are
pattern projection, fringe projection, and project-and-sweep a scanned line, or similar, delivering single
views without assistance of external information related to position and orientation between CMS and
objects to be scanned. Typical registration principle is based on a best fitting of commonly captured
position information across at least two different single views either or both by using reference targets
or surface features of objects to be scanned.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft57 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a laser tracker by
measuring calibrated test lengths, according to the specifications of the manufacturer. It also specifies
the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the laser tracker.
The acceptance and reverification tests given in this document are applicable to laser trackers utilizing
a retroreflector, or a retroreflector in combination with a stylus or optical distance sensor, as a probing
system. Laser trackers that use interferometric measurement (IFM), absolute distance measurement
(ADM) or both can be verified using this document. This document can also be used to specify and
verify the relevant performance tests of other spherical coordinate measurement systems that use
cooperative targets, such as “laser radar” systems.
NOTE Systems which do not track the target, such as laser radar systems, will not be tested for probing
performance.
This document does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical coordinate
system. However, interested parties can apply this document to such systems by mutual agreement.
This document specifies:
— performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the laser tracker;
— the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated
requirements;
— rules for proving comformity;
— applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of an optical 3D coordinate measuring system (CMS) when measuring lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the optical 3D CMS. This document is applicable to verification of the measuring performance of CMSs if the surface characteristics (e.g. glossiness, colour) of the object to be scanned are restricted and within a cooperative range. This document does not apply to other types of CMSs, including those covered by the other parts of the ISO 10360 series.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard56 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Draft52 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft58 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document gives rules for definition and interpretation of general geometrical specifications and general size specifications defined according to ISO 8015:2011, 5.12.
General specifications defined in other standards, and the link to these standards, are not covered by this document.
The general geometrical specifications and general size (linear or angular) specifications defined in this document apply only to integral features (including features of size).
These specifications do not apply to derived features or integral lines (see ISO 17450-1 for the definitions of integral features and derived features).
Dimensions other than linear or angular sizes (see ISO 14405-2) are not covered by this document.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the maximum material requirement (MMR), the least material requirement
(LMR) and the reciprocity requirement (RPR). These requirements can only be applied to linear
features of size of cylindrical type or two parallel opposite planes type.
These requirements are often used to control specific functions of workpieces where size and geometry
are interdependent, for example to fulfil the functions “assembly of parts” (for MMR) or “minimum wall
thickness” (for LMR). However, the MMR and LMR can also be used to fulfil other functional design
requirements.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft67 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives the rules of definition and interpretation of general specifications defined
according to ISO 8015 (general tolerancing) applicable on the whole workpiece.
The general specifications can be applied to integral surfaces only, i.e. integral lines are
excluded.
The general geometrical and dimensional specifications defined in this document applies to the
following:
- for dimensional specifications:
- for features of size:
- linear size (±) (according to ISO 14405-1);
- angular size (±)(according to ISO 14405-3);
- for geometrical specifications:
- for integral features:
- geometrical specifications with the characteristic surface profile (⌓).
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives rules for definition and interpretation of general geometrical specifications and general size specifications defined according to ISO 8015:2011, 5.12. General specifications defined in other standards, and the link to these standards, are not covered by this document. The general geometrical specifications and general size (linear or angular) specifications defined in this document apply only to integral features (including features of size). These specifications do not apply to derived features or integral lines (see ISO 17450-1 for the definitions of integral features and derived features). Dimensions other than linear or angular sizes (see ISO 14405-2) are not covered by this document.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard16 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Draft14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft16 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the most important design and metrological characteristics of calliper depth gauges
— with analogue indication: vernier scale or circular scale (dial); and
— with digital indication: digital display.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies acceptance and periodic reverification tests of CMM performance with contacting probing systems and is only applicable to CMMs using:
— any type of contacting probing system; and
— spherical or hemispherical stylus tip(s).
NOTE CMM probing performance tests are specified by the maximum permissible errors (MPEs), due to the impracticality of isolating the performance of the probing system from that of the CMM, even on a small artefact such as a test sphere.
This document applies to CMMs supplied with any of the following:
a) single-stylus probing systems;
b) multi-stylus probing systems with fixed multiple styli attached to a single probe (e.g. "star" stylus);
c) multiple probing systems such as those with a stylus for each of their probes;
d) systems with articulating probing systems;
e) stylus and probe changing systems;
f) manual (non-driven) and automated CMMs;
g) installations including a scanning probe, capable of being used in a scanning mode.
This document is not applicable to non-contacting probing systems, which require different testing procedures.
The term ?combined CMM and multi-stylus probing system size error' has been shortened to ?multi-stylus size error' for convenience. This applies in similar cases.
If it is desirable to isolate the probing system performance as far as is practical, the influence of the CMM can be minimized but not eliminated. See Annex C for more information.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides an unambiguous calculation of parameters PSm, RSm, WSm and Pc, Rc, Wc, as defined in ISO 4287, by means of a flowchart.
- Technical report11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Amendment9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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- Draft7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the dimensional and geometrical characteristics, boundary dimensions and tolerances of insert bearings and eccentric locking collars and the radial internal clearances of insert bearings.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard28 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the most important design and metrological characteristics of calliper
depth gauges
— with analogue indication: vernier scale or circular scale (dial); and
— with digital indication: digital display.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies biorthogonal wavelets for profiles and contains the relevant concepts. It gives
the basic terminology for biorthogonal wavelets of compact support, together with their usage.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies acceptance and periodic reverification tests of CMM performance with
contacting probing systems and is only applicable to CMMs using:
— any type of contacting probing system; and
— spherical or hemispherical stylus tip(s).
NOTE CMM probing performance tests are specified by the maximum permissible errors (MPEs), due to the
impracticality of isolating the performance of the probing system from that of the CMM, even on a small artefact
such as a test sphere.
This document applies to CMMs supplied with any of the following:
a) single-stylus probing systems;
b) multi-stylus probing systems with fixed multiple styli attached to a single probe (e.g. “star” stylus);
c) multiple probing systems such as those with a stylus for each of their probes;
d) systems with articulating probing systems;
e) stylus and probe changing systems;
f) manual (non-driven) and automated CMMs;
g) installations including a scanning probe, capable of being used in a scanning mode.
This document is not applicable to non-contacting probing systems, which require different testing
procedures.
The term ‘combined CMM and multi-stylus probing system size error’ has been shortened to ‘multistylus
size error’ for convenience. This applies in similar cases.
If it is desirable to isolate the probing system performance as far as is practical, the influence of the
CMM can be minimized but not eliminated. See Annex C for more information.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
A transition is an areal feature connecting two adjacent features, for which the intersection is a line. The transition includes portions of the adjacent features. This document defines a number of specification operators for the specification of defined transitions. These specifications all apply to any line in a defined direction in the transition feature. It also defines the specification modifiers and the drawing indications for such transition specifications.
The proportions and dimensions of the graphical symbols to be used are also specified.
This document provides a set of tools to express several defined transition specifications. It does not present any information on the relationship between a function or a use and a defined transition specification.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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- Draft7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines classes of geometrical defects that might be present on the surfaces of material measures and calibration specimens conforming to ISO 5436-1 and ISO 25178-70, and defines terms for ways of responding to these defects.
This document is applicable as follows:
a) to help customers and users of material measures for surface metrology specify their nominal features (ideal geometrical properties) when obtaining them from manufacturers and suppliers;
b) to enable users of material measures to formulate their own rules and policies for responding to the occurrence of defects in such a way as to minimize the uncertainty of their own measurements;
NOTE Such policies are required in ISO/IEC 17025:2017, 7.2.1.1, 7.2.1.3, 7.3.1 and 7.8.5 c) and d), for example.
c) to enable calibration laboratories and their customers to agree on a common policy on how to treat defects on a material measure that has been sent for calibration;
d) to educate users of material measures about the different significance and importance of different kinds of defect;
e) for other GPS standards which make reference to the issue of selection of measuring locations, or selection of areas to be measured or avoided in measurement.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes principles and tools to control a manufacturing process in accordance with a GPS specification. For this purpose a set of one or more complementary, independent characteristics (size, form, orientation, and location characteristics independent to each other) that correlate to the manufacturing process parameters and to the manufacturing process coordinate system established from the manufacturing datum system are used.
This document describes the concept of decomposition of the macro-geometrical part of the GPS specification. It does not cover the micro-geometry, i.e. surface texture.
The objective of the decomposition presented in this document is to define correction values for manufacturing control or to perform a statistical analysis of the process.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of callipers - with analogue indication: vernier scale or circular scale (dial), and - with digital indication: digital display.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 25178 deals with geometrical defects that may be present on the surfaces of material measures and calibration specimens conforming to ISO 5436-1 and ISO 25178-70. It defines classes of these geometrical defects, and defines terms for ways of responding to these defects.
This part of ISO 25178 is applicable as follows:
a) to help customers and users of material measures for surface metrology specify their nominal features (ideal geometrical properties) when purchasing them from manufacturers and suppliers;
b) to enable users of material measures to formulate their own rules and policies for responding to the occurrence of defects in such a way as to minimise the uncertainty of their own measurements.
c) to enable calibration laboratories and their customers to agree a common policy on how to treat defects on a material measure that has been sent for calibration;
d) to educate users of material measures about the different significance and importance of different kinds of defect;
e) for other GPS standards which make reference to the issue of selection of measuring locations, or selection of areas to be measured or to be avoided in measurement.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day