17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
ICS 17.060 Details
Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Messungen von Volumen, Masse, Dichte, Viskositat
Mesurage de volume, masse, densité, viscosité
Merjenje prostornine, mase, gostote, viskoznosti
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ISO 18847:2016 specifies the method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardized to enable comparative determinations to be made.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the measurement uncertainty analysis of the measurement procedures described in ISO 23783-2, following the approach described in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3. This document also includes the determination of other uncertainty components related to the liquid delivery process and the device under test (DUT) to estimate the overall measurement uncertainty of delivered volumes by an automated liquid handling system (ALHS).
- Technical report43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides user guidance regarding the selection of piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA) (including exchangeable parts) and best practices for their use. This document also specifies requirements for user training and competence. Further, this document introduces performance tolerances and testing of POVA to ensure fitness for their intended use.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard26 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidance and establishes requirements for collecting and examining volumetric performance data of automated liquid handling systems (ALHS). It specifies how to index and track volumetric performance data and provides descriptive statistics for the evaluation of these data. This document also specifies reporting requirements of ALHS volumetric performance.
This document is applicable to all ALHS with complete, installed liquid handling devices, including tips and other essential parts needed for delivering a specified volume, which perform liquid handling tasks without human intervention into labware.
NOTE For terminology and general requirements of automated liquid handling systems, see ISO 23783-1. Measurement procedures for the determination of volumetric performance are given in ISO 23783-2.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for the determination of volumetric performance of automated liquid handling systems (ALHS), including traceability and estimations of measurement uncertainty of measurement results.
This document is applicable to all ALHS with complete, installed liquid handling devices, including tips and other essential parts needed for delivering a specified volume, which perform liquid handling tasks without human intervention into labware.
NOTE For terminology and general requirements of automated liquid handling systems, see ISO 23783-1. Determination, specification, and reporting of volumetric performance of automated liquid handling systems is described in ISO 23783-3.
- Standard85 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and establishes requirements for collecting and examining volumetric performance data of automated liquid handling systems (ALHS). It specifies how to index and track volumetric performance data and provides descriptive statistics for the evaluation of these data. This document also specifies reporting requirements of ALHS volumetric performance.
This document is applicable to all ALHS with complete, installed liquid handling devices, including tips and other essential parts needed for delivering a specified volume, which perform liquid handling tasks without human intervention into labware.
NOTE For terminology and general requirements of automated liquid handling systems, see ISO 23783-1. Measurement procedures for the determination of volumetric performance are given in ISO 23783-2.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for the determination of volumetric performance of automated liquid handling systems (ALHS), including traceability and estimations of measurement uncertainty of measurement results.
This document is applicable to all ALHS with complete, installed liquid handling devices, including tips and other essential parts needed for delivering a specified volume, which perform liquid handling tasks without human intervention into labware.
NOTE For terminology and general requirements of automated liquid handling systems, see ISO 23783-1. Determination, specification, and reporting of volumetric performance of automated liquid handling systems is described in ISO 23783-3.
- Standard85 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 10563:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the change of mass and the change of volume of self-levelling and non-sagging sealants used in joints in building construction.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives detailed information regarding the evaluation of uncertainty for the photometric reference measurement procedure specified in ISO 8655-8 and the photometric procedure specified in ISO 8655-7:2022, Annex B according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3. This document also describes the determination of other uncertainty components related to the liquid delivery process of a piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA), e.g. repeatability and handling. Furthermore, it provides examples for the calculation and application of the uncertainty of the mean delivered volume and the uncertainty in use of a single delivered volume.
- Technical report24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical report26 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document gives detailed information regarding the evaluation of uncertainty for the gravimetric reference measurement procedure specified in ISO 8655-6[1] and the gravimetric procedure specified in ISO 8655-7:2022[1], Annex A, according to the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3[16]. This document also includes the determination of other uncertainty components related to the liquid delivery process of a piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA), e.g. repeatability and handling. Furthermore, it provides examples for the calculation and application of the uncertainty of the mean delivered volume and the uncertainty in use of a single delivered volume.
- Technical report18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical report19 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for dispensers. It is applicable to dispensers with nominal volumes from 1 μl up to 200 ml, designed to deliver their volume (Ex).
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for manually operated precision laboratory syringes made of glass or glass and metal designed to deliver their selected volume (Ex).
Manually operated precision laboratory syringes are instruments used for delivering liquids and gases. The barrel is typically made of glass and the plunger and the needle are typically made of metal.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies alternative measurement procedures for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus.
The procedures are applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery process (Ex). Methods described in this document are suitable for various maximum nominal volumes of piston-operated volumetric apparatus. It is the responsibility of the user to select the appropriate method.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the photometric reference measurement procedure for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). The procedure is applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus with a maximum nominal volume of 5 000 µl and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery (Ex).
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for air-displacement (type A) and positive displacement (type D) single-channel and multi-channel pipettes, complete with their selected tip(s) and any other essential, consumable parts, designed to deliver the selected volume (Ex).
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general requirements for piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). It is applicable to pipettes, burettes, dilutors, dispensers and manually operated precision laboratory syringes. It furthermore defines terms for the use of piston-operated volumetric apparatus and gives user recommendations.
This document does not apply to medical products intended for use on humans, e.g. for medical syringes.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a gravimetric reference measurement procedure for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). The procedure is applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery (Ex) or contained (In).
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for burettes. This document is applicable to burettes with nominal volumes up to 100 ml, designed to deliver their specified volume (Ex).
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for dilutors with a sample uptake capacity (In) from 5 μl to 1 ml and a diluent capacity (Ex) from 50 μl to 100 ml. They are designed to deliver the sample and diluent together in measured proportion and measured volume.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and establishes requirements for collecting and examining volumetric performance data of automated liquid handling systems (ALHS). It specifies how to index and track volumetric performance data and provides descriptive statistics for the evaluation of these data. This document also specifies reporting requirements of ALHS volumetric performance. This document is applicable to all ALHS with complete, installed liquid handling devices, including tips and other essential parts needed for delivering a specified volume, which perform liquid handling tasks without human intervention into labware. NOTE For terminology and general requirements of automated liquid handling systems, see ISO 23783-1. Measurement procedures for the determination of volumetric performance are given in ISO 23783-2.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard21 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures for the determination of volumetric performance of automated liquid handling systems (ALHS), including traceability and estimations of measurement uncertainty of measurement results. This document is applicable to all ALHS with complete, installed liquid handling devices, including tips and other essential parts needed for delivering a specified volume, which perform liquid handling tasks without human intervention into labware. NOTE For terminology and general requirements of automated liquid handling systems, see ISO 23783-1. Determination, specification, and reporting of volumetric performance of automated liquid handling systems is described in ISO 23783-3.
- Standard77 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard81 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides methods for the testing, calibration and use of volumetric instruments made from glass and plastic in order to obtain the best accuracy in use.
NOTE Testing is the process by which the conformity of the individual volumetric instrument with the appropriate standard is determined, resulting in the determination of its error of measurement at one or more points.
This document is applicable to volumetric instruments with nominal capacities in the range of 100 µl to 10 000 ml. These include single-volume pipettes (see ISO 648), graduated pipettes (see ISO 835), burettes (see ISO 385), volumetric flasks (see ISO 1042 and ISO 5215), and graduated measuring cylinders (see ISO 4788 and ISO 6706).
The methods are not intended for testing of volumetric instruments with capacities below 100 µl such as micro-glassware.
This document does not deal specifically with pycnometers as specified in ISO 3507. However, the procedures specified for the determination of volume of glassware can, for the most part, also be followed for the determination of a pycnometer volume. For some types of pycnometers, special handling can be necessary.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document sets out requirements for the construction of general laboratory volumetric flasks made of plastic material.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a gravimetric reference measurement procedure for the determination of
volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). The procedure is applicable to complete
systems comprising the basic apparatus and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or
reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery (Ex) or contained (In).
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for burettes. This document is applicable to burettes with nominal volumes up to 100 ml, designed to
deliver their specified volume (Ex).
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for air-displacement (type A) and positive displacement (type D) single-channel and multi-channel
pipettes, complete with their selected tip(s) and any other essential, consumable parts, designed to
deliver the selected volume (Ex).
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies alternative measurement procedures for the determination of volume of
piston-operated volumetric apparatus.
The procedures are applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus and all parts
selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery
process (Ex). Methods described in this document are suitable for various maximum nominal volumes
of piston-operated volumetric apparatus. It is the responsibility of the user to select the appropriate
method.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general requirements for piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). It
is applicable to pipettes, burettes, dilutors, dispensers and manually operated precision laboratory
syringes. It furthermore defines terms for the use of piston-operated volumetric apparatus and gives
user recommendations.
This document does not apply to medical products intended for use on humans, e.g. for medical syringes.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 8655 specifies a photometric reference measurement procedure for the determination
of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus. The tests are applicable to complete systems
comprising the basic apparatus (with a maximum nominal volume of 10 mL) and all parts selected for
use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by uptake (In) or delivery
(Ex).
NOTE General requirements and definitions of terms for piston-operated volumetric apparatus are
given in ISO 8655-1. For the metrological requirements, maximum permissible errors, requirements for
marking and information to be provided for users for piston-operated volumetric apparatus, see ISO
8655-2 for pipettes, see ISO 8655-3 for burettes, see ISO 8655-4 for dilutors, see ISO 8655-5 for
dispensers, and see ISO 8655-9 for manually operated precision laboratory syringes. The gravimetric
reference measurement procedure for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric
apparatus is given in ISO 8655-6. Alternative methods for the determination of volume are given in ISO
8655-7.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for dispensers. It is applicable to dispensers with nominal volumes from 1 μl up to 200 ml, designed to
deliver their volume (Ex).
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies
— metrological requirements,
— maximum permissible errors,
— requirements for marking and
— information to be provided for users,
for dilutors with a sample uptake capacity (In) from 5 μl to 1 ml and a diluent capacity (Ex) from 50 μl
to 100 ml. They are designed to deliver the sample and diluent together in measured proportion and
measured volume.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 8655 specifies
- metrological requirements,
- maximum permissible errors,
- requirements for marking and
- information to be provided for users,
for manually operated precision laboratory syringes. It applies to syringes with nominal volumes up to 200 ml, designed to deliver their volume (Ex).
Manually operated precision laboratory syringes are instruments used for delivering liquids and gases.
The barrel is typically made of glass and the plunger and the needle are typically made of metal.
NOTE General requirements and definitions of terms for piston-operated volumetric apparatus are given in ISO 8655-1. The gravimetric reference measurement procedure for the determination of volume is given in ISO 8655-6. A photometric reference measurement procedure for the determination of is given in ISO 8655-8. Alternative methods for the determination of volume are described in ISO 8655-7.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for burettes. This document is applicable to burettes with nominal volumes up to 100 ml, designed to deliver their specified volume (Ex).
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for dispensers. It is applicable to dispensers with nominal volumes from 1 μl up to 200 ml, designed to deliver their volume (Ex).
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a gravimetric reference measurement procedure for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). The procedure is applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery (Ex) or contained (In).
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard18 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard18 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for dilutors with a sample uptake capacity (In) from 5 μl to 1 ml and a diluent capacity (Ex) from 50 μl to 100 ml. They are designed to deliver the sample and diluent together in measured proportion and measured volume.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies general requirements for piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). It is applicable to pipettes, burettes, dilutors, dispensers and manually operated precision laboratory syringes. It furthermore defines terms for the use of piston-operated volumetric apparatus and gives user recommendations. This document does not apply to medical products intended for use on humans, e.g. for medical syringes.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the photometric reference measurement procedure for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). The procedure is applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus with a maximum nominal volume of 5 000 µl and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery (Ex).
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard20 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies alternative measurement procedures for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus. The procedures are applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery process (Ex). Methods described in this document are suitable for various maximum nominal volumes of piston-operated volumetric apparatus. It is the responsibility of the user to select the appropriate method.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard50 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard50 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for manually operated precision laboratory syringes made of glass or glass and metal designed to deliver their selected volume (Ex). Manually operated precision laboratory syringes are instruments used for delivering liquids and gases. The barrel is typically made of glass and the plunger and the needle are typically made of metal.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for air-displacement (type A) and positive displacement (type D) single-channel and multi-channel pipettes, complete with their selected tip(s) and any other essential, consumable parts, designed to deliver the selected volume (Ex).
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides methods for the testing, calibration and use of volumetric instruments made
from glass and plastic in order to obtain the best accuracy in use.
NOTE Testing is the process by which the conformity of the individual volumetric instrument with the
appropriate standard is determined, resulting in the determination of its error of measurement at one or more
points.
This document is applicable to volumetric instruments with nominal capacities in the range of 100 µl
to 10 000 ml. These include single-volume pipettes (see ISO 648), graduated pipettes (see ISO 835),
burettes (see ISO 385), volumetric flasks (see ISO 1042 and ISO 5215), and graduated measuring
cylinders (see ISO 4788 and ISO 6706).
The methods are not intended for testing of volumetric instruments with capacities below 100 µl such
as micro-glassware.
This document does not deal specifically with pycnometers as specified in ISO 3507. However, the
procedures specified for the determination of volume of glassware can, for the most part, also be
followed for the determination of a pycnometer volume. For some types of pycnometers, special
handling can be necessary.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides methods for the testing, calibration and use of volumetric instruments made from glass and plastic in order to obtain the best accuracy in use. NOTE Testing is the process by which the conformity of the individual volumetric instrument with the appropriate standard is determined, resulting in the determination of its error of measurement at one or more points. This document is applicable to volumetric instruments with nominal capacities in the range of 100 µl to 10 000 ml. These include single-volume pipettes (see ISO 648), graduated pipettes (see ISO 835), burettes (see ISO 385), volumetric flasks (see ISO 1042 and ISO 5215), and graduated measuring cylinders (see ISO 4788 and ISO 6706). The methods are not intended for testing of volumetric instruments with capacities below 100 µl such as micro-glassware. This document does not deal specifically with pycnometers as specified in ISO 3507. However, the procedures specified for the determination of volume of glassware can, for the most part, also be followed for the determination of a pycnometer volume. For some types of pycnometers, special handling can be necessary.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard22 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard22 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass per unit area. It also specifies five
methods (Method A to Method E) for the determination of the fibre mass per unit area of moulding
compounds and prepregs. The five methods are as follows:
— Method A: Extraction by Soxhlet;
— Method B: Extraction by immersion in solvent in a beaker;
— Method C: Decomposition by loss ignition;
— Method D: Extraction by wet combustion;
— Method E: Method by calculation.
This document is applicable to the following types of materials:
— moulding compound and preimpregnated unidirectional sheet, tape, fabric and mats;
— prepregs in which any type of reinforcement (aramid, carbon, glass, etc.) and any type of matrix
(thermosetting or thermoplastic) has been used.
Typically, reinforcement fibres are coated with sizing or finishes. These normally dissolve with the
resin and are, therefore, included in the resin content.
This document is not applicable to the following types of prepregs:
— those containing reinforcements which are soluble (or partly soluble) in the solvents used to dissolve
the resin.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Standard is applicable to full size thermal insulating products and test specimens. This standard can also be applied to the individual layers of multi layered products. It specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the apparent overall density and the apparent core density under reference conditions.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 80000-3:2019 gives names, symbols, definitions and units for quantities of space and time. Where appropriate, conversion factors are also given.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document gives guidelines for determining the average surface density over a measured area
of anodic oxide or of a coating deposited autocatalytically, mechanically, by chemical conversion,
by electrodeposition, by hot dip galvanizing and by chemical or physical vapour deposition using
gravimetric and other chemical analysis procedures that have attained some degree of national or
international standardization.
A variety of procedures are described and include:
— gravimetric procedures for chemical or electrochemical dissolution of the coating or the substrate
to determine the coating surface density;
— gravimetric procedures for weighing the uncoated substrate and the coated (finished) specimen to
determine the coating surface density;
— analytical procedures that utilize dissolution of the coating for determination of the coating surface
density by instrumental chemical analysis methods.
With the exception of the gravimetric method as described in ISO 3892, this document does not give the
measurement uncertainties of the methods cited.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies three methods for the determination of dry bulk density of soils calculated
from the mass and the volume of a soil sample. The methods involve drying and weighing a soil sample,
the volume of which is either known [core method (see 4.1)] or determined [excavation method (see 4.2)
and clod method (see 4.4)].
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 61987 provides an
• operating list of properties (OLOP) for the description of the operating parameters and the
collection of requirements for a density measuring equipment, and
• device lists of properties (DLOP) for a range of density measuring equipment types
describing them.
The structures of the OLOP and the DLOP correspond with the general structures defined in
IEC 61987-11 and agree with the fundamentals for the construction of LOPs defined in
IEC 61987-10.
Aspects other than the OLOP, needed in different electronic data exchange processes
described in IEC 61987-10, will be published in IEC 61987-921.
Libraries of properties and of blocks used in the concerned LOPs are listed in Annex C and
Annex D.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the absolute particle density of fine ceramic powders or sintered parts using liquid pycnometry.
NOTE Other pycnometer methods like gas pycnometers (e.g. helium pycnometer), where a gas is used as media, also exist.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day