19 - TESTING
ICS 19 Details
TESTING
PRUFWESEN
ESSAIS
PRESKUŠANJE
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 19 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "TESTING". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 4013 standards classified under ICS 19 (TESTING). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the characteristics of general-purpose eddy current instruments and provides methods for their evaluation and verification.
This document can be completed by an application document specifying acceptance criteria for the characteristics of the eddy current instrument.
Where accessories are used, these are characterized using the principles of this document (e.g. additional external amplifiers).
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies three film-digitisation quality classes for the requirements of non-destructive testing. The user specifies one of these quality classes for the respective film digitisation task. The digitisation parameters depend on the radiation energy, the material thickness penetrated and the quality level of the original radiographic film. This document does not address signal processing, display and storage of the digitised data.
For the application of this document, ISO 14096-1 provides definitions and measurement procedures.
- Draft9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the radiographic film digitisation process, such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve, which are applied in ISO 14096-2. These procedures can be integrated into the system software, and together with a standard reference film (see Annex B), used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitisation system with a basic spatial resolution down to 10 µm, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 × 430) mm2.
This document does not address signal processing and display of the digitised data.
- Draft22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60721-3-3:2019 classifies groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which products are subjected when installed for stationary use at weatherprotected locations.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1994, Amendment 1: 1995 and Amendment 2:1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Clause 3: definitions aligned with IEC 60721-3-1.
b) Clause 4: aligned with IEC 60721-3-1.
c) Clause 5: Clause A.3 has been incorporated into Clause 5.
d) Subclause 5.2: all existing climate classes have been replaced by completely new classes. The new classes are divided into two groups. The reason for the new classes is the latest revision of IEC 60721-2-1 which incorporates new climate types.
e) Subclause 5.3: addition of a new class for low air pressure.
f) Defined values of chemically active substances are now by reference to ISO 9223.
g) Subclause 5.6: all existing classes for mechanically active substances have been replaced by completely new classes, in alignment with IEC 60721-3-1.
h) Subclause 5.7: all existing classes for mechanical conditions have been replaced by completely new classes, in alignment with IEC 60721-3-1.
i) Table 1: new climatic classes with new severities.
j) Table 2: new class for low air pressure.
k) Table 4: new mechanically active substances classes.
l) Table 5: new mechanical conditions classes.
m) Annex A: revised and includes a clean climatogram.
n) Annex B: revised and includes the definition of seismic environment.
o) All classes regarding fire, all combined classes, all chemically active substances classes, Clause A.2, Annexes C, D and E have been removed.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard29 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60695-5-2:2026 summarises the test methods that are used in the assessment of the corrosivity of fire effluent. It presents a brief summary of test methods in common use, either as international standards, national or industry standards. It includes special observations on their relevance, for electrotechnical products and their materials, to real fire scenarios and gives recommendations on their use.
This first edition cancels and replaces the third edition of IEC TS 60695-5-2 published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 60695-5-2:
a) 4.4, The nature of the corrosivity measurement, has been added to follow recent technological developments;
b) 5.2, Tests for the determination of halogen acid in combustion gases, has been updated following the recent development of IEC 60754.
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- Standard46 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
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IEC 62475:2026 is applicable to high-current testing and measurements on both high-voltage and low-voltage equipment. It deals with steady-state and short-time direct current (as e.g. encountered in high-power DC testing), steady-state and short-time alternating current (as e.g. encountered in high-power AC testing), and impulse-current. In general, currents above 100 A are considered in this International Standard, although currents less than this can occur in tests. This standard: • defines the terms used; • defines parameters and their tolerances; • describes methods to estimate uncertainties of high-current measurements; • states the requirements applicable to a complete measuring system; • describes the methods for approving a measuring system and checking its components; • describes the procedure by which the user shows that a measuring system meets the requirements of this document, including limits set for uncertainty of measurement. This standard also covers fault detection during, for example, lightning impulse testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: • minor errors in edition 1 have corrected; • terms and definitions have been modified to achieve best possible adherence to IEC 60060‑2:2025 and have been ascribed appropriate [SOURCE]; • terms and definitions which in edition 1 were presented in clauses other than Clause 3 have been moved into Clause 3. • Annex B, Clause B.4 has been amended to provide an example of uncertainty calculation for the use of an approved measuring system; • Clause C.2 has been deleted since the definitions given there are not referred to, with the exception of the origin of the step, which is used in Annex D. The applicable information has been added to Annex D as Note 1. • Annex G, Clause G.8 has been amended to replace “peak factor” by “a factor”. Texts have been clarified. Equations for relation between factor κ and cos ϕ have been developed to a simplified form. • Annex G, Clause G.9 has been added.
- Draft116 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The present document defines classes of environmental conditions and their severities to which telecommunication equipment may be exposed. The severities specified are those which will have a low probability of being exceeded; generally less than 1 % of the operating time in a year. The present document applies to equipment mounted for stationary use including periods of erection work, down time, maintenance and repair at weatherprotected locations defined in clause 5.
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IEC 61010-2-020:2026 is applicable to electrically powered laboratory centrifuges. It is possible that all or part of the equipment falls within the scope of one or more other Part 2 standards of IEC 61010 as well as within the scope of this document. In that case, the requirements of those other Part 2 standards will also apply. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment with changes introduced by Amendment 1:2016 of IEC 61010-1:2010.
It has the status of a product safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This Part 2-020 is intended to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 61010-1. It was established on the basis of the third edition (2010) and its Amendment 1 (2016), hereinafter referred to as Part 1.
This Part 2-020 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 61010-1 so as to convert that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for laboratory centrifuges.
Where a particular subclause of IEC 61010-1 is not mentioned in this Part 2-020, that subclause applies as far as is reasonable. Where this Part 2-020 states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant requirement, test specification or note in IEC 61010-1 shall be adapted accordingly.
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The purpose of the present document is to define a class of environmental conditions and their severities to which equipment may be exposed. Only severe conditions, which may be harmful to the equipment, are included. The severities specified are those which will have a low probability of being exceeded; generally less than 1 % of the operating time in a year. The present document applies to equipment mounted for stationary use including periods of erection work, down time, maintenance and repair at non-weatherprotected locations defined in clause 5.
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IEC 62475:2026 is applicable to high-current testing and measurements on both high-voltage and low-voltage equipment. It deals with steady-state and short-time direct current (as e.g. encountered in high-power DC testing), steady-state and short-time alternating current (as e.g. encountered in high-power AC testing), and impulse-current. In general, currents above 100 A are considered in this International Standard, although currents less than this can occur in tests.
This standard:
• defines the terms used;
• defines parameters and their tolerances;
• describes methods to estimate uncertainties of high-current measurements;
• states the requirements applicable to a complete measuring system;
• describes the methods for approving a measuring system and checking its components;
• describes the procedure by which the user shows that a measuring system meets the requirements of this document, including limits set for uncertainty of measurement.
This standard also covers fault detection during, for example, lightning impulse testing.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
• minor errors in edition 1 have corrected;
• terms and definitions have been modified to achieve best possible adherence to IEC 60060‑2:2025 and have been ascribed appropriate [SOURCE];
• terms and definitions which in edition 1 were presented in clauses other than Clause 3 have been moved into Clause 3.
• Annex B, Clause B.4 has been amended to provide an example of uncertainty calculation for the use of an approved measuring system;
• Clause C.2 has been deleted since the definitions given there are not referred to, with the exception of the origin of the step, which is used in Annex D. The applicable information has been added to Annex D as Note 1.
• Annex G, Clause G.8 has been amended to replace “peak factor” by “a factor”. Texts have been clarified. Equations for relation between factor κ and cos ϕ have been developed to a simplified form.
• Annex G, Clause G.9 has been added.
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- Standard238 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the method of verification and calibration of testing machines for carrying out the instrumented indentation test in accordance with ISO 14577-1.
It specifies a direct verification method for verifying and calibrating the main functions of the testing machine and an indirect verification method suitable for the determination of the repeatability of the testing machine.
The methods in ISO 14577 are applicable to all systems that comply with the requirements of this part of ISO 14577.
- Draft29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines general technical terms used in many non-destructive testing disciplines.
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This document specifies quality requirements for the chart, test procedure and acceptance level for near, far, and colour vision acuity of NDT personnel. Information for grey scale perception and low contrast can be found in the annexes. This document also specifies the qualification requirements for personnel permitted to carry out the test.
This document is only applicable to vision acuity under defined conditions similar to those encountered during routine NDT inspection. This document does not address an individual’s overall visual acuity and users are advised to consider the need for a general eye examination by specialist medical personnel to ensure general vision acuity.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions > 0,2 µm of X-ray systems by means of the edge method applied to digital images taken from hole type or disk type test objects if no phase contrast is observed. The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depends highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular its size and two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
This document specifies procedures for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard, mini and micro focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes for users in applications where the pin hole method according to ISO 32543-1 is not applicable. The method specified in this document is applicable for measurement and long-term monitoring of focal spot sizes without a pin hole camera.
This document can be used by manufacturers, if special hole test objects manufactured with lower tolerances according to 6.2.1 are applied (see Figure 1). For measurements of the effective focal spot size, the accuracy of the method in this document is lower than the methods specified in ISO 32543-1 (pin hole method) and ISO 32543-3 (microfocus tubes) if using ASTM hole plate IQIs (see ASTM E1025, ASTM E1742), due to its manufacturing tolerance of ±10 %.
NOTE For characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the nominal values of Annex A are preferred.
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This document defines the terms used in acoustic emission testing and forms a common basis for standards and general use.
- Draft22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the terms used in acoustic emission testing and forms a common basis for standards and general use.
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- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish and French languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of general-purpose eddy current instruments and provides methods for their evaluation and verification.
This document can be completed by an application document specifying acceptance criteria for the characteristics of the eddy current instrument.
Where accessories are used, these are characterized using the principles of this document (e.g. additional external amplifiers).
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a non-destructive method to verify (confirm) the precious metal fineness of finished and semifinished jewellery item(s) considered homogeneous by ED-XRF (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence), including alloys according to ISO 9202.
This document is not suitable for any coated items. WD-XRF (wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence) equipment cannot be used.
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This document specifies a method for the measurement of focal spot sizes within the range of 5 µm to 300 µm of X-ray systems up to and including 225 kV tube voltage. This determination is based on the evaluation of an image with a dedicated focal spot that has been radiographically recorded using an edge and evaluated with a digital method.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular its size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the nominal values of Annex A are preferred.
NOTE The same procedure can be used at higher kilovoltages by agreement but the accuracy of the measurement can be poorer.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies quality requirements for the chart, test procedure and acceptance level for near, far, and colour vision acuity of NDT personnel. Information for grey scale perception and low contrast can be found in the annexes. This document also specifies the qualification requirements for personnel permitted to carry out the test.
This document is only applicable to vision acuity under defined conditions similar to those encountered during routine NDT inspection. This document does not address an individual’s overall visual acuity and users are advised to consider the need for a general eye examination by specialist medical personnel to ensure general vision acuity.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the classification of imperfections possibly generated during an additive manufacturing process by PBF-LB (laser beam powder bed fusion) or PBF-EB (electron beam powder bed fusion) for metallic parts.
This document also indicates the most probable causes of the formation of imperfections and includes illustrations.
This can be extended to other additive manufacturing process categories, nevertheless, the indication of probable causes is process specific.
Acceptance criteria and dimensional description or scale for imperfections are not included in this document.
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IEC 60721-3-7:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which products are subject to during portable and non-stationary use. This includes periods of transfer, down time, maintenance and repair.
The environmental conditions encompassed by these groups include the environmental conditions occurring
- at locations where the product can be placed or used temporarily, and
- during the transfer of products between different locations.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1995 and Amendment 1:1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of new information obtained from referenced Technical Reports;
b) Table 1 through to Table 5 have been updated;
c) the content of the five informative annexes has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish and French languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of general-purpose eddy current instruments and provides methods for their evaluation and verification. This document can be completed by an application document specifying acceptance criteria for the characteristics of the eddy current instrument. Where accessories are used, these are characterized using the principles of this document (e.g. additional external amplifiers).
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- Standard35 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which a product, not forming part of the vehicle, is subjected when installed on or in a ground vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, flow meters for liquids transported by the vehicle, for example milk, petroleum products, etc. Vehicles where products can be permanently or temporarily installed include
- road vehicles: passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, towing vehicles, trailers, mopeds, motorcycles,
- rail vehicles: trains, trams,
- tracked vehicles: excavators, cranes, rubber tracked vehicles,
- overland vehicles: four-wheel drive cars, tractors, snow scooters,
- handling and storage vehicles: fork-lift trucks (manual and robot), luggage transporters, and
- self-propelled machinery: diggers, harvesters.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of additional information obtained from referenced Technical Reports;
b) Table 1 through to Table 7 have been reviewed and updated;
c) the content of Annex A and Annex B has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies quality requirements for the chart, test procedure and acceptance level for near, far, and colour vision acuity of NDT personnel. Information for grey scale perception and low contrast can be found in the annexes. This document also specifies the qualification requirements for personnel permitted to carry out the test. This document is only applicable to vision acuity under defined conditions similar to those encountered during routine NDT inspection. This document does not address an individual’s overall visual acuity and users are advised to consider the need for a general eye examination by specialist medical personnel to ensure general vision acuity.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard18 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
IEC 60721-3-7:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which products are subject to during portable and non-stationary use. This includes periods of transfer, down time, maintenance and repair. The environmental conditions encompassed by these groups include the environmental conditions occurring - at locations where the product can be placed or used temporarily, and - during the transfer of products between different locations. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1995 and Amendment 1:1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of new information obtained from referenced Technical Reports; b) Table 1 through to Table 5 have been updated; c) the content of the five informative annexes has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of focal spot sizes within the range of 5 µm to 300 µm of X-ray systems up to and including 225 kV tube voltage. This determination is based on the evaluation of an image with a dedicated focal spot that has been radiographically recorded using an edge and evaluated with a digital method.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular its size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the nominal values of Annex A are preferred.
NOTE The same procedure can be used at higher kilovoltages by agreement but the accuracy of the measurement can be poorer.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a non-destructive method to verify (confirm) the precious metal fineness of finished and semifinished jewellery item(s) considered homogeneous by ED-XRF (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence), including alloys according to ISO 9202.
This document is not suitable for any coated items. WD-XRF (wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence) equipment cannot be used.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60749-20-1:2019 applies to all devices subjected to bulk solder reflow processes during PCB assembly, including plastic encapsulated packages, process sensitive devices, and other moisture-sensitive devices made with moisture-permeable materials (epoxies, silicones, etc.) that are exposed to the ambient air. The purpose of this document is to provide SMD manufacturers and users with standardized methods for handling, packing, shipping, and use of moisture/reflow sensitive SMDs that have been classified to the levels defined in IEC 60749-20. These methods are provided to avoid damage from moisture absorption and exposure to solder reflow temperatures that can result in yield and reliability degradation. By using these procedures, safe and damage-free reflow can be achieved, with the dry packing process, providing a minimum shelf life capability in sealed dry-bags from the seal date. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - updates to subclauses to better align the test method with IPC/JEDEC J-STD-033C, including new sections on aqueous cleaning and dry pack precautions; - addition of two annexes on colorimetric testing of HIC (humidity indicator card) and derivation of bake tables.
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IEC 60749-26:2025 establishes the procedure for testing, evaluating, and classifying components and microcircuits in accordance with their susceptibility (sensitivity) to damage or degradation by exposure to a defined human body model (HBM) electrostatic discharge (ESD). The purpose of this document is to establish a test method that will replicate HBM failures and provide reliable, repeatable HBM ESD test results from tester to tester, regardless of component type. Repeatable data will allow accurate classifications and comparisons of HBM ESD sensitivity levels. ESD testing of semiconductor devices is selected from this test method, the machine model (MM) test method (see IEC 60749‑27) or other ESD test methods in the IEC 60749 series. Unless otherwise specified, this test method is the one selected.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) new definitions have been added;
b) text has been added to clarify the designation of and allowances resulting from “low parasitics”. The new designation includes the maximum number of pins of a device that can pass the test procedure.
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The objective of this document is to conduct a neutral salt spray test in accordance with ISO 9227. The test is a proven method for assessing the corrosion protection of coatings of components such as bolts. For this reason, two coating variants were chosen for conducting the tests on hexagon bolts with a size of M6 × 50. The bolts were examined at specified points in time and the time of occurrence of grey veil, white rust and red rust was documented. The corrosivity of the salt spray was determined by means of two methods and also documented in an evaluation form. These two methods are the assessment of the mass loss of an uncoated steel panel as specified in ISO 9227 as well as the determination of the time until appearance of red rust on hot-dip galvanized steel panels in accordance with ISO 4042 and ISO 10683. The processing steps are specified in detail in a manual that was provided to the test participants. If followed precisely, these instructions allow for a comparative analysis of the results from the individual labs and make it possible to determine the reproducibility of the salt spray test. Another objective is to compare the two methods used to determine the corrosivity of the salt spray in order to establish the suitability of these methods by comparing the corrosion assessment results obtained for the bolts. In addition, the normative operating parameters (temperature in the test cabinet, collection rate, pH and density or NaCl concentration of the solution collected) were documented for every inspection date in order to ascertain whether there is any correlation with the results of the corrosion assessment performed on the bolts.
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IEC 60721-3-5:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which a product, not forming part of the vehicle, is subjected when installed on or in a ground vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, flow meters for liquids transported by the vehicle, for example milk, petroleum products, etc. Vehicles where products can be permanently or temporarily installed include - road vehicles: passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, towing vehicles, trailers, mopeds, motorcycles, - rail vehicles: trains, trams, - tracked vehicles: excavators, cranes, rubber tracked vehicles, - overland vehicles: four-wheel drive cars, tractors, snow scooters, - handling and storage vehicles: fork-lift trucks (manual and robot), luggage transporters, and - self-propelled machinery: diggers, harvesters. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of additional information obtained from referenced Technical Reports; b) Table 1 through to Table 7 have been reviewed and updated; c) the content of Annex A and Annex B has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
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1.1 General
This document establishes the minimum requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel performing nondestructive testing (NDT), nondestructive inspection (NDI), or nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in the aerospace manufacturing, service, maintenance and overhaul industries. For the purposes of this document, the term NDT will be used and will be considered equivalent to NDI and NDE.
In Europe, the term "approval" is used to denote a written statement by an employer that an individual has met specific requirements and has operating approval. The term "certification" as defined in 3.3 is used throughout this document as a substitute for the term "approval". Except when otherwise specified in the written practice, certification in accordance with this document includes operating approval.
1.2 Purpose
1.2.1 Applicability
This document applies to personnel who:
- use NDT methods or equipment to test and/or accept materials, products, components, assemblies or sub-assemblies;
- are directly responsible for the technical adequacy of the NDT methods and equipment used;
- operate automatic interpretation or evaluation systems;
- approve NDT procedures or work instructions;
- audit NDT facilities; or
- provide technical NDT support or training.
This document does not apply to individuals who only have administrative or supervisory authority over NDT personnel or to research personnel developing NDT technology for subsequent implementation and approval by a certified Level 3. See Clause 8 regarding applicability to personnel performing specialized inspections using certain direct readout instruments.
1.2.2 Implementation
This document addresses the use of a National Aerospace NDT Board (NANDTB). NANDTBs are only used as specified per Annex C and it is not mandatory to have such a board for compliance with this document. Personnel certified to previous revisions of NAS410/EN 4179 need not recertify to the requirements of this document until their current certification expires.
1.2.3 NDT methods
This document contains detailed requirements for the following NDT methods:
eddy current testing (ET)
penetrant testing (PT)
magnetic particle testing (MT)
radiographic testing (RT)
shearography testing (ST)
thermographic testing (IRT)
ultrasonic testing (UT)
When invoked by engineering, quality, cognizant engineering organization or prime contractor requirements, this document applies to other NDT methods used to determine the acceptability or suitability for intended service of a material, part, component, sub-assembly or assembly. Such methods can include, but are not limited to, acoustic emission, neutron radiography, leak testing, and holography.
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IEC 60749-23:2025 specifies the test used to determine the effects of bias conditions and temperature on solid state devices over time. It simulates the device operating condition in an accelerated way and is primarily for device qualification and reliability monitoring. A form of high temperature bias life using a short duration, popularly known as "burn-in", can be used to screen for infant-mortality related failures. The detailed use and application of burn-in is outside the scope of this document.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) absolute stress test definitions and resultant test durations have been updated.
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IEC 60749-21:2025 establishes a standard procedure for determining the solderability of device package terminations that are intended to be joined to another surface using tin-lead (SnPb) or lead-free (Pb-free) solder for the attachment. This test method provides a procedure for “dip and look” solderability testing of through hole, axial and surface mount devices (SMDs) as well as an optional procedure for a board mounting solderability test for SMDs for the purpose of allowing simulation of the soldering process to be used in the device application. The test method also provides optional conditions for ageing. This test is considered destructive unless otherwise detailed in the relevant specification.
NOTE 1 This test method does not assess the effect of thermal stresses which can occur during the soldering process. More details can be found in IEC 60749‑15 or IEC 60749‑20.
NOTE 2 If a qualitative test method is preferred, the Wetting balance test method can be found in IEC 60068-2-69.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- revision to certain operating conditions in line with current working practices.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60721-3-7:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which products are subject to during portable and non-stationary use. This includes periods of transfer, down time, maintenance and repair.
The environmental conditions encompassed by these groups include the environmental conditions occurring
- at locations where the product can be placed or used temporarily, and
- during the transfer of products between different locations.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1995 and Amendment 1:1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of new information obtained from referenced Technical Reports;
b) Table 1 through to Table 5 have been updated;
c) the content of the five informative annexes has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
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IEC 60749-22-2:2025 establishes a means for determining the strength of a ball bond to a die or package bonding surface and can be performed on pre-encapsulation or post-encapsulation devices. This measure of bond strength is extremely important in determining two features:
a) the integrity of the metallurgical bond which has been formed, and
b) the quality of ball bonds to die or package bonding surfaces.
This test method covers thermosonic (ball) bonds made with small diameter wire from 15 µm to 76 µm (0,000 6" to 0,003").
This test method can only be used when the bonds are large enough to allow for proper contact with the shear test chisel and when there are no adjacent interfering structures that would hinder the movement of the chisel. For consistent shear results the ball height will be at least 4,0 µm (0,000 6 ") for ball bonds, which is the current state of the art for bond shear test equipment at the time of this revision.
This test method can also be used on ball bonds that have had their wire removed and on to which a second bond wire (typically a stitch bond) is placed. This is known as "stitch on ball" and "reverse bonding". See Annex A for additional information.
The wire bond shear test is destructive. It is appropriate for use in process development, process control, or quality assurance, or both.
This test method can be used on ultrasonic (wedge) bonds, however its use has not been shown to be a consistent indicator of bond integrity. See Annex B for information on performing shear testing on wedge bonds.
This test method does not include bond strength testing using wire bond pull testing. Wire bond pull testing is described in IEC 60749-22-1.
This first edition, together with the first edition of IEC 60749-22-1, cancels and replaces the first edition IEC 60749-22 published in 2002. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60749-22-1:2025.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Major update, including new techniques and use of new materials (e.g. copper wire) involving a complete rewrite as two separate subparts (this document and IEC 60749‑22‑1).
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IEC 60749-24:2025 specifies unbiased highly accelerated stress testing (HAST). HAST is performed for the purpose of evaluating the reliability of non-hermetically packaged solid-state devices in humid environments. It is a highly accelerated test which employs temperature and humidity under non-condensing conditions to accelerate the penetration of moisture through the external protective material (encapsulant or seal) or along the interface between the external protective material and the metallic conductors which pass through it. Bias is not applied in this test to ensure that the failure mechanisms potentially overshadowed by bias can be uncovered (e.g. galvanic corrosion).
This test is used to identify failure mechanisms internal to the package and is destructive.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) rearrangement of clauses to reposition requirements;
b) addition of two notes to the post-test electrical procedures.
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1.1 General
This document establishes the minimum requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel performing nondestructive testing (NDT), nondestructive inspection (NDI), or nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in the aerospace manufacturing, service, maintenance and overhaul industries. For the purposes of this document, the term NDT will be used and will be considered equivalent to NDI and NDE.
In Europe, the term "approval" is used to denote a written statement by an employer that an individual has met specific requirements and has operating approval. The term "certification" as defined in 3.3 is used throughout this document as a substitute for the term "approval". Except when otherwise specified in the written practice, certification in accordance with this document includes operating approval.
1.2 Purpose
1.2.1 Applicability
This document applies to personnel who:
- use NDT methods or equipment to test and/or accept materials, products, components, assemblies or sub-assemblies;
- are directly responsible for the technical adequacy of the NDT methods and equipment used;
- operate automatic interpretation or evaluation systems;
- approve NDT procedures or work instructions;
- audit NDT facilities; or
- provide technical NDT support or training.
This document does not apply to individuals who only have administrative or supervisory authority over NDT personnel or to research personnel developing NDT technology for subsequent implementation and approval by a certified Level 3. See Clause 8 regarding applicability to personnel performing specialized inspections using certain direct readout instruments.
1.2.2 Implementation
This document addresses the use of a National Aerospace NDT Board (NANDTB). NANDTBs are only used as specified per Annex C and it is not mandatory to have such a board for compliance with this document. Personnel certified to previous revisions of NAS410/EN 4179 need not recertify to the requirements of this document until their current certification expires.
1.2.3 NDT methods
This document contains detailed requirements for the following NDT methods:
eddy current testing (ET)
penetrant testing (PT)
magnetic particle testing (MT)
radiographic testing (RT)
shearography testing (ST)
thermographic testing (IRT)
ultrasonic testing (UT)
When invoked by engineering, quality, cognizant engineering organization or prime contractor requirements, this document applies to other NDT methods used to determine the acceptability or suitability for intended service of a material, part, component, sub-assembly or assembly. Such methods can include, but are not limited to, acoustic emission, neutron radiography, leak testing, and holography.
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IEC 60749-7:2025 specifies the testing and measurement of water vapour and other gas content of the atmosphere inside a metal or ceramic hermetically sealed device. The test is used as a measure of the quality of the sealing process and to provide information about the long-term chemical stability of the atmosphere inside the package. It is applicable to semiconductor devices sealed in such a manner but generally only used for high reliability applications such as military or aerospace.
Of particular interest is the measurement of the primary sealing gases (or lack thereof), the moisture content, the presence of bombing gases that are indicative of non-hermeticity (e.g. helium), oxygen to argon ratio indicative of room air ~ 20 to 1 (± 10 %), dissimilar concentration of internally sealed gases (e.g. nitrogen, helium) than originally sealed in the device package, the presence of leak test fluid (i.e. fluorocarbon, helium, air), and all other gases to determine if the device meets the specified moisture, hermeticity and other criteria. Also of interest is the measurement of all the other gases since they reflect upon the quality of the sealing process and provide information about the long-term chemical stability of the atmosphere inside the device. The presence of leak test fluorocarbon vapour in the internal gas analysis (IGA) is an indication of failure to meet leak test requirements of IEC 60749‑8.
This test is destructive.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) This document has been re-written and rearranged to align with the text of MIL-STD-883, Method 1018.10.
b) Additional detail has been provided in the calibration requirements.
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IEC 60749-22-1:2025 provides a means for determining the strength and failure mode of a wire bonded to, and the corresponding interconnects on, a die or package bonding surface and can be performed on unencapsulated or decapsulated devices. This test method can be performed on gold alloy, copper alloy, and silver alloy thermosonic (ball and stitch) bonds made of wire ranging in diameter from 15 µm to 76 µm (0,000 6" to 0,003"); and on gold alloy, copper alloy, and aluminium alloy ultrasonic (wedge) bonds made of wire ranging in diameter from 18 µm to 600 µm (0,000 7" to 0,024").
This wire bond pull test method is destructive. It is appropriate for use in process development, process control, or quality assurance.
This test method allows for two distinct methods of pulling wires:
a) One method incorporates the use of a hook that is placed under the wire and is then pulled.
b) One method requires that after the wire be cut, a clamp is placed on the wire connected to the bond to be tested, and this clamp is used to pull the wire.
This test method does not include bond strength testing using wire bond shear testing. Wire bond shear testing is described in IEC 60749-22-2.
This first edition, together with the first edition of IEC 60749-22-2:2025, cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 60749-22 published in 2002.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Major update, including new techniques and use of new materials (e.g. copper wire) involving a complete rewrite as two separate subparts (this document and IEC 60749-22-2).
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60749-22-2:2025.
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This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions > 0,2 µm of X-ray systems by means of the edge method applied to digital images taken from hole type or disk type test objects if no phase contrast is observed. The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depends highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular its size and two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
This document specifies procedures for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard, mini and micro focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes for users in applications where the pin hole method according to ISO 32543-1 is not applicable. The method specified in this document is applicable for measurement and long-term monitoring of focal spot sizes without a pin hole camera.
This document can be used by manufacturers, if special hole test objects manufactured with lower tolerances according to 6.2.1 are applied (see Figure 1). For measurements of the effective focal spot size, the accuracy of the method in this document is lower than the methods specified in ISO 32543-1 (pin hole method) and ISO 32543-3 (microfocus tubes) if using ASTM hole plate IQIs (see ASTM E1025, ASTM E1742), due to its manufacturing tolerance of ±10 %.
NOTE For characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the nominal values of Annex A are preferred.
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ISO 18249:2015 describes the general principles of acoustic emission testing (AT) of materials, components, and structures made of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) with the aim of
- materials characterization,
- proof testing and manufacturing quality control,
- retesting and in-service testing, and
- health monitoring.
This International Standard has been designed to describe specific methodology to assess the integrity of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP), components, or structures or to identify critical zones of high damage accumulation or damage growth under load (e.g. suitable instrumentation, typical sensor arrangements, and location procedures).
It also describes available, generally applicable evaluation criteria for AT of FRP and outlines procedures for establishing such evaluation criteria in case they are lacking.
ISO 18249:2015 also presents formats for the presentation of acoustic emission test data that allows the application of qualitative evaluation criteria, both online during testing and by post-test analysis, and that simplify comparison of acoustic emission test results obtained from different test sites and organizations.
NOTE The structural significance of the acoustic emission cannot in all cases definitely be assessed based on AT evaluation criteria only but can require further testing and assessment (e.g. with other non-destructive test methods or fracture mechanics calculations).
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IEC 60794-1-129:2025 applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. The document defines test procedures used in establishing uniform requirements for mechanical performance-straight midspan access to optical elements. Throughout this document, the wording "optical cable" also includes optical fibre units, microduct fibre units, etc.
NOTE See IEC 60794‑1‑2 for a reference guide to test methods of all types and for general requirements and definitions.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 60794‑1‑21:2015 and IEC 60794-1-21:2015/AMD 1:2020:
a) this document cancels and replaces method E29 of IEC 60794-1-21:2015 and IEC 60794‑1‑21:2015/AMD 1:2020;
b) addition of the description for applicable cable types;
c) update of Figure 2a), Figure 2b) and Figure 3;
d) addition of the displacement measure description;
e) addition of the details to be reported.
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IEC 60794-1-107:2025 applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. This document defines test procedures used in establishing uniform requirements for torsion performance. Refer to IEC 60794-1-2 for a reference guide to test methods and for general requirements and definitions.
NOTE Throughout this document, the wording "optical cable" also includes optical fibre units, microduct fibre units, etc.
This first edition partially cancels and replaces IEC 60794-1-21:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 60794-1-21:2015:
a) Update of the typical test length according to the different types of cables;
b) Update of Figure 2 by loading weights to cable gripping fixture.
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IEC 60721-3-5:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which a product, not forming part of the vehicle, is subjected when installed on or in a ground vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, flow meters for liquids transported by the vehicle, for example milk, petroleum products, etc. Vehicles where products can be permanently or temporarily installed include
- road vehicles: passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, towing vehicles, trailers, mopeds, motorcycles,
- rail vehicles: trains, trams,
- tracked vehicles: excavators, cranes, rubber tracked vehicles,
- overland vehicles: four-wheel drive cars, tractors, snow scooters,
- handling and storage vehicles: fork-lift trucks (manual and robot), luggage transporters, and
- self-propelled machinery: diggers, harvesters.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of additional information obtained from referenced Technical Reports;
b) Table 1 through to Table 7 have been reviewed and updated;
c) the content of Annex A and Annex B has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
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