21.100.20 - Rolling bearings

This document specifies supplementary background information regarding the derivation of mathematical expressions and factors given in ISOÂ 281:2007.

This document specifies the dimensional and geometrical characteristics, boundary dimensions and tolerances of insert bearings and eccentric locking collars and the radial internal clearances of insert bearings.

This document specifies bearing and subunit boundary dimensions for complete single-row and double-row tapered roller bearings. It also specifies the flange dimensions of flanged outer rings for a selection of these bearings. A series designation for each bearing is also specified.

This document establishes a vocabulary of terms, with their definitions, applied in the field of rolling bearings and their technology under ISO Technical Committee TC 4 management.
It includes terms related to all types of rolling bearings wherein the principal degree of freedom is continuous rotation about an axis enabled by an ordered set of rolling elements between two circular raceways such that loads can be transmitted between them in a particular range of radial and/or axial directions. Also included are accessories to these products.
The following types of terms are not included:
— terms specified in ISO 76, ISO 281 and ISO 1132‑1;
— terms which are narrowly applied in only one specialised rolling bearing International Standard.

This document specifies vibration measuring methods for double-row radial spherical roller bearings
and single-row and double-row radial tapered roller bearings, with cylindrical bore and outside surface
and a contact angle up to and including 45°, under established measuring conditions.

ISO 15242-4:2017 specifies vibration measuring methods for single-row and double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface, under established measurement conditions.

This document specifies the testing and evaluation method of rolling bearing grease noise in accordance with the method NQ.

This document specifies: — basic principles, testing assembly and the test machine for noise testing of rolling bearing greases; — symbols used in the test methods BQ+, MQ and NQ. This document is applicable for testing rolling bearing greases, especially of unused grease. NOTE Suitable greases are greases of NLGI classes 1 to 3 according to DIN 51818[6]. Suitable greases for lubrication of rolling bearings are especially greases according to ISO 12924. The test method according to this document delivers meaningful results for rolling bearings; however, it can also be applied for greases in similar applications[12][13].

This document specifies the testing and evaluation method of rolling bearing grease noise in accordance with the method MQ.

ISO 15:2017 specifies preferred boundary dimensions for radial bearings of the diameter series 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.

ISO 15312:2018 defines the thermal speed rating for oil bath lubricated rolling bearings and defines calculation principles for the determination of this parameter. The parameter determined in accordance with this document applies to rolling bearings of the given series and sizes of standard design or of a design that, from a frictional point of view, can be related to a standard design bearing.
In most cases of standard assembly, the permissible temperature determines the maximum operating speed. Heating of the assembly is then generated by the bearing.
Thrust ball bearings are excluded from this document as kinematic effects do not allow the thermal speed rating defined in this document to be applied.
NOTE 1 In Annex A mean values for the coefficients f0r and f1r are given ? f0r for calculating viscous losses of oil bath lubricated bearings and f1r for calculating frictional losses of bearings.
NOTE 2 Explanatory notes on the limiting criterion are given in Annex B.
NOTE 3 In Annex C the reference conditions for grease lubrication are defined. The reference conditions are chosen such that the thermal speed rating for grease lubrication is identical to that for oil bath lubrication.

This document specifies the testing and evaluation method of rolling bearing grease noise in accordance with the method BQ+.

This document specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, nominal boundary dimensions and tolerance values for finished steel needle rollers used as rolling elements.

ISO 14728-2:2017 specifies methods of calculating the basic static load rating, static equivalent load and static safety factor for linear motion rolling bearings manufactured from contemporary, commonly used, high quality, hardened bearing steel in accordance with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design with regard to the shape of the rolling contact surfaces.
ISO 14728-2:2017 is not applicable to designs where the rolling elements operate directly on the slide surface of the machine equipment, unless that surface is equivalent in all respects to the raceway of the linear motion rolling bearing component it replaces.

ISO 14728-1:2017 specifies methods of calculating the basic dynamic load rating and basic rating life for linear motion rolling bearings manufactured from contemporary, commonly used, high quality, hardened bearing steel in accordance with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design as regards the shape of the rolling contact surfaces. The life of linear motion rolling bearings is defined and the conditions are established for reliable life calculations.
ISO 14728-1:2017 is not applicable to designs where the rolling elements operate directly on the slide surface of the machine equipment, unless that surface is equivalent in all respects to the raceway of the linear motion rolling bearing component it replaces.

ISO 7063 specifies dimensional characteristics, nominal boundary dimensions and tolerance values for needle roller bearing track rollers, yoke and stud types.

ISO 1206 specifies the boundary dimensions and normal class tolerance values for needle roller bearings with machined rings. This document specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, and limit deviations from nominal sizes. These specifications apply to complete needle roller bearings and to bearings without inner ring.

This document classifies different modes of failure occurring in service for rolling bearings made of
standard bearing steels. For each failure mode, it defines and describes the characteristics, appearance
and possible root causes of failure. It will assist in the identification of failure modes based on
appearance.
For the purposes of this document, the following terms are explained:
— failure of a rolling bearing: the result of a damage that prevents the bearing meeting the intended
design performance or marks the end of service life;
— in service: as soon as the bearing has left the manufacturer’s factory;
— visible features: those that are possible to observe directly or with magnifiers or optical microscopes,
also those from pictures, but only with the use of non-destructive methods.
Consideration is restricted to characteristic forms of change in appearance and failure that have welldefined
appearance and which can be attributed to particular causes with a high degree of certainty.
The features of particular interest for explaining changes and failures are described. The various forms
are illustrated with photographs and the most frequent causes are indicated.
If the root cause cannot be reliably assessed by the examination and characterization of visual
features against the information in this document, then additional investigations are to be considered.
These methods are summarized in A.3 and may involve, for example, the use of invasive methods
possibly including taking of cross sections, metallurgical structural analysis by visual and electronic
microscopes, chemical and spectrographic analysis. These specialized methods are outside the scope of
this document.
The failure mode terms shown in the subclause titles are recommended for general use. Where
appropriate, alternative expressions or synonyms used to describe the submodes are given and
explained in A.4.
Examples of rolling bearing failures are given in A.2, together with a description of the causes of failure
and proposed corrective actions.

This document specifies the dimensional and geometrical characteristics, boundary dimensions and tolerances of insert bearings and eccentric locking collars and the radial internal clearances of insert bearings.

This document specifies bearing and subunit boundary dimensions for complete single-row and double-row tapered roller bearings. It also specifies the flange dimensions of flanged outer rings for a selection of these bearings. A series designation for each bearing is also specified.

This document establishes a vocabulary of terms, with their definitions, applied in the field of rolling bearings and their technology under ISO Technical Committee TC 4 management. It includes terms related to all types of rolling bearings wherein the principal degree of freedom is continuous rotation about an axis enabled by an ordered set of rolling elements between two circular raceways such that loads can be transmitted between them in a particular range of radial and/or axial directions. Also included are accessories to these products. The following types of terms are not included: — terms specified in ISO 76, ISO 281 and ISO 1132‑1; — terms which are narrowly applied in only one specialised rolling bearing International Standard.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions, other relevant dimensions and the corresponding tolerances of accessories for sleeve type linear ball bearings which are specified in ISO 10285. This document applies to: — the following housings: — closed and adjustable flangeless housings for series 1 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — closed and adjustable flanged housings for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — open flanged housings for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — closed and adjustable flangeless housings for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — open and open adjustable flangeless housings for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — the following shaft support rails: — standard height shaft support rails for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — low height shaft support rails for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — the following shaft support blocks: — flanged shaft support blocks for series 1 and 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — flangeless shaft support blocks for series 1 and 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — solid and tubular shafts for series 1 and 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions, other relevant dimensions and the corresponding tolerances of accessories for sleeve type linear ball bearings which are specified in ISO 10285. This document applies to: — the following housings: — closed and adjustable flangeless housings for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — open and open adjustable flangeless housings for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — standard height shaft support rails for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — flanged shaft support blocks for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — solid and tubular shafts for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the strength of finished ceramic balls for ball bearings, preferably made of silicon nitride (Si3N4), with ball diameters from 3 mm to 50 mm. NOTE 1 ISO 26602 specifies the requirements for preprocessed silicon nitride materials for rolling bearing balls. ISO 3290-2 specifies requirements for finished silicon nitride balls for rolling bearings. NOTE 2 Other test methods to determine ceramic ball strength can be found in Reference [7]. The results of the strength tests slightly depend on the Poisson's ratio. For this reason, all calculations are restricted to a Poisson's ratio ranging from 0,15 to 0,35. This includes the Poisson's ratio of a typical silicon nitride ceramic used as rolling element in ball bearings. The method can also be used for rolling bearing balls made of other ceramic materials, but the reported prefactors may not be valid. NOTE 3 Poisson's ratio of isotropic materials can be determined by one of the methods given in ISO 17561. Because of the (defect controlled) brittle fracture behaviour of ceramic materials, a significant scatter of individual results in the characterization of a series of nominally identical samples can occur. NOTE 4 A further statistical analysis according to ISO 20501 can be carried out.

This document specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, nominal boundary dimensions and tolerance values for finished steel needle rollers used as rolling elements.

This document specifies dimensional characteristics, nominal boundary dimensions and tolerance values for needle roller bearing track rollers, yoke and stud types.

ISO 12297-2:2018 specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, nominal boundary dimensions and tolerance values for finished silicon nitride cylindrical rollers for rolling bearings. Annexes A and B give the sorting principles for roller diameter and roller length tolerances and gauges, respectively. Annex C gives examples of imperfection types and methods of inspection.

ISO 15312:2018 defines the thermal speed rating for oil bath lubricated rolling bearings and defines calculation principles for the determination of this parameter. The parameter determined in accordance with this document applies to rolling bearings of the given series and sizes of standard design or of a design that, from a frictional point of view, can be related to a standard design bearing. In most cases of standard assembly, the permissible temperature determines the maximum operating speed. Heating of the assembly is then generated by the bearing. Thrust ball bearings are excluded from this document as kinematic effects do not allow the thermal speed rating defined in this document to be applied. NOTE 1 In Annex A mean values for the coefficients f0r and f1r are given ? f0r for calculating viscous losses of oil bath lubricated bearings and f1r for calculating frictional losses of bearings. NOTE 2 Explanatory notes on the limiting criterion are given in Annex B. NOTE 3 In Annex C the reference conditions for grease lubrication are defined. The reference conditions are chosen such that the thermal speed rating for grease lubrication is identical to that for oil bath lubrication.

ISO 1206:2018 specifies the boundary dimensions and normal class tolerance values for needle roller bearings with machined rings. ISO 1206:2018 specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, and limit deviations from nominal sizes. These specifications apply to complete needle roller bearings and to bearings without inner ring. Recommended values for the tolerances for shaft raceways for needle roller bearings without inner ring are given in Annex A.

ISO 20056-2:2017 specifies methods of calculating the static load ratings for hybrid bearings with bearing rings made of contemporary, commonly used, high quality hardened bearing steel, in accordance with good manufacturing practice, and a full set of rolling elements made of silicon nitride (Si3N4) in contemporary, commonly used material and manufacturing quality. For balls, ISO 26602,[4] together with ISO 3290‑2,[1] is applicable. For rollers, ISO 12297‑2[2] is applicable, and ISO 26602[4] is applicable in an analogous way. For applications where hybrid bearings are used, guideline values of the static safety factor, S0, according to Table 1 and Table 2 are observed.

ISO 20056-1:2017 specifies methods of calculating the dynamic load ratings for hybrid bearings with bearing rings made of contemporary, commonly used, high quality hardened bearing steel, in accordance with good manufacturing practice and rolling elements made from silicon nitride in contemporary, commonly used, high material and manufacturing quality and surface finish. For balls, ISO 26602[6] together with ISO 3290‑2[2] are applicable. For rollers, ISO 12297‑2[3] is applicable and ISO 26602[6] is applicable in an analogous way.

This European Standard specifies the quality parameters of axlebox rolling bearings supporting the primary load of the vehicle, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. It covers metallurgical and material properties as well as geometric and dimensional characteristics. It also defines methods for quality assurance and conditions for approval of the products.

This European Standard specifies the quality parameters of axlebox rolling bearings supporting the load of the vehicle, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. It covers metallurgical and material properties as well as geometric and dimensional characteristics. It also defines methods for quality assurance and conditions for approval of the products.

ISO 15242-4:2017 specifies vibration measuring methods for single-row and double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface, under established measurement conditions.

ISO 20015:2017 specifies methods of calculating the static load rating and the dynamic load rating for spherical plain bearings within the size ranges shown in ISO 12240-1, ISO 12240-2 and ISO 12240-3. Rod ends according to ISO 12240-4 are excluded.

This document specifies vibration measuring methods for double-row radial spherical roller bearings
and single-row and double-row radial tapered roller bearings, with cylindrical bore and outside surface
and a contact angle up to and including 45°, under established measuring conditions.

ISO 15:2017 specifies preferred boundary dimensions for radial bearings of the diameter series 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.

ISO 15243:2017 classifies different modes of failure occurring in service for rolling bearings made of standard bearing steels. For each failure mode, it defines and describes the characteristics, appearance and possible root causes of failure. It will assist in the identification of failure modes based on appearance. For the purposes of this document, the following terms are explained: - failure of a rolling bearing: the result of a damage that prevents the bearing meeting the intended design performance or marks the end of service life; - in service: as soon as the bearing has left the manufacturer's factory; - visible features: those that are possible to observe directly or with magnifiers or optical microscopes, also those from pictures, but only with the use of non-destructive methods. Consideration is restricted to characteristic forms of change in appearance and failure that have well-defined appearance and which can be attributed to particular causes with a high degree of certainty. The features of particular interest for explaining changes and failures are described. The various forms are illustrated with photographs and the most frequent causes are indicated. If the root cause cannot be reliably assessed by the examination and characterization of visual features against the information in this document, then additional investigations are to be considered. These methods are summarized in A.3 and may involve, for example, the use of invasive methods possibly including taking of cross sections, metallurgical structural analysis by visual and electronic microscopes, chemical and spectrographic analysis. These specialized methods are outside the scope of this document. The failure mode terms shown in the subclause titles are recommended for general use. Where appropriate, alternative expressions or synonyms used to describe the submodes are given and explained in A.4. Examples of rolling bearing failures are given in A.2, together with a description of the causes of failure and proposed corrective actions.

ISO 14728-2:2017 specifies methods of calculating the basic static load rating, static equivalent load and static safety factor for linear motion rolling bearings manufactured from contemporary, commonly used, high quality, hardened bearing steel in accordance with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design with regard to the shape of the rolling contact surfaces. ISO 14728-2:2017 is not applicable to designs where the rolling elements operate directly on the slide surface of the machine equipment, unless that surface is equivalent in all respects to the raceway of the linear motion rolling bearing component it replaces.

ISO 14728-1:2017 specifies methods of calculating the basic dynamic load rating and basic rating life for linear motion rolling bearings manufactured from contemporary, commonly used, high quality, hardened bearing steel in accordance with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design as regards the shape of the rolling contact surfaces. The life of linear motion rolling bearings is defined and the conditions are established for reliable life calculations. ISO 14728-1:2017 is not applicable to designs where the rolling elements operate directly on the slide surface of the machine equipment, unless that surface is equivalent in all respects to the raceway of the linear motion rolling bearing component it replaces.

This International Standard specifies the boundary dimensions and preferred dimensions to be used
for drawn cup needle roller bearings without inner ring as well as the minimum chamfer dimension
limits. Also specified are the closed end thickness dimensions for bearings with one closed end.
In addition, dimensional tolerances for the needle roller complement bore diameter and tolerances for
the drawn cup width are specified.
Informative values for the tolerances for shaft raceway and housing bore are given in Annex A.

This International Standard specifies preferred boundary dimensions for single-direction and doubledirection
thrust bearings with flat back faces.
In addition, it gives the minimum bore diameters of housing washers and maximum outside diameters
of shaft washers of bearings in dimension series 11, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 and 24.
Guidelines for the extension of this International Standard for single-direction thrust bearings are
given in Annex A.
NOTE Boundary dimensions for aligning thrust bearings (none flat back faces) and aligning seat washers
are given in ISO 20516.[2]

This part of ISO 15242 specifies vibration measuring methods for single-row and double-row radial ball
bearings, with a contact angle up to and including 45°.
It covers radial ball bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface, except bearings with filling
slots and three- and four-point-contact ball bearings.

This International Standard establishes a search structure and properties vocabulary for identifying
rolling bearings, bearing housings, accessories and spherical plain bearings primarily with the aid of
electronic media, such as the Internet.
The methodology for using this International Standard in search programs is not included.
This International Standard does not establish a search structure and an attribute vocabulary for
identifying linear motion rolling bearings.
NOTE A reference dictionary for all rolling bearings in this document is defined in ISO/TS 23768‑1. It
contains definitions of bearing classes, data element types of descriptive properties and domains of values.

This part of ISO 15242 specifies measuring methods for vibration of rotating rolling bearings under
established measuring conditions, together with calibration of the related measuring systems.

This International Standard specifies the snap ring groove dimensions and tolerance values, chamfer
dimensions on the snap ring groove side of the outer ring, and the snap ring dimensions and tolerance
values for radial bearings in the dimension series 18 and 19 and the diameter series 0, 2, 3, and 4 (except
dimension series 00, 82, and 83), as specified in ISO 15[1].

ISO 3245:2015 specifies the boundary dimensions and preferred dimensions to be used for drawn cup needle roller bearings without inner ring as well as the minimum chamfer dimension limits. Also specified are the closed end thickness dimensions for bearings with one closed end. In addition, dimensional tolerances for the needle roller complement bore diameter and tolerances for the drawn cup width are specified. Informative values for the tolerances for shaft raceway and housing bore are given in Annex A.

ISO 15242-1:2015 specifies measuring methods for vibration of rotating rolling bearings under established measuring conditions, together with calibration of the related measuring systems.