27 - ENERGY AND HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING
ICS 27 Details
ENERGY AND HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING
ENERGIE- UND WARMEUBERTRAGUNGSTECHNIK
INGENIERIE DE L'ENERGIE ET DE LA TRANSMISSION DE LA CHALEUR
PRENOS ENERGIJE IN TOPLOTE
General Information
This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded hog fuel and wood chips for industrial use. It covers only hog fuel and wood chips produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225-1, Table 1): —   1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood; —   1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry; —   1.3 Used wood; —   1.4 Blends and mixtures. This document covers hog fuel that has pieces of varying size and shape, produced by crushing with blunt tools such as rollers, hammers, or flails, and wood chips which are defined as chipped woody biomass with a sub-rectangular shape and a typical length of 5 mm to 50 mm typically in the form of pieces with a defined particle size produced by mechanical treatment with sharp tools such as knives. See 1.1.2 in ISO 17225-1, Table 1 for by-products and residues from wood processing industry, which can include chemically treated material (e.g. glued, painted, laminated), are not allowed to contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values or higher than typical values of the country of origin (see Annex B in ISO 17225-1). NOTE      If 1.4 Blends and mixtures includes 1.3.2 Chemically treated used wood, it can be only used in the installations permitted to use 1.3.2.
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This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded non-woody pellets. This document covers only non-woody pellets produced from the following raw material (see ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1): —   2 Herbaceous biomass —   3 Fruit biomass —   4 Aquatic biomass —   5 Biomass blends and mixtures NOTE 1   Herbaceous biomass originates from plants that have a non-woody stem and which die back at the end of the growing season. It includes grains or seeds crops from food production or processing industry and their by-products such as cereals. NOTE 2   Blends and mixtures include blends and mixtures from the main origin-based solid biofuel groups woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and aquatic biomass. Blends are intentionally mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the blend and mixture is to be described using ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1. If solid biofuel blend or mixture contains chemically treated material it shall be stated. NOTE 3   Thermally treated biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets) are not included in the scope of this document.
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This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded non-woody briquettes. This document covers only non-woody briquettes produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1): —   2 Herbaceous biomass —   3 Fruit biomass —   4 Aquatic biomass —   5 Biomass blends and mixtures NOTE 1   Herbaceous biomass originates from plants that have a non-woody stem and which die back at the end of the growing season. It includes grains or seeds crops from food production or processing industry and their by-products such as cereals. NOTE 2   Blends and mixtures include blends and mixtures from the main origin-based solid biofuel groups woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and aquatic biomass. Blends are intentionally mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the blend and mixture is to be described using ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1. If solid biofuel blend or mixture contains chemically treated material it shall be stated. NOTE 3             Thermally treated biomass briquettes (e.g. torrefied briquettes) are not included in the scope of this document
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This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded firewood. This document covers only firewood produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17725‑1:2021, Table 1): —   1.1.1 Whole trees without roots; —   1.1.3 Stem wood; —   1.1.4 Logging residues (thick branches, tops etc.); —   1.2.1 Chemically untreated by-products and residues from wood processing industry.
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This document specifies the test gases, test pressures and categories of appliances relative to the use of gaseous fuels of the first, second and third families. It serves as a reference document in the specific standards for appliances that fall within the scope of the Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of Member States concerning gas appliances 2009/142/EC.
The standard makes recommendations for the use of the gases and pressures to be applied for the tests. The full procedure will be given in the corresponding appliance standards.
NOTE The test gases and the test pressures specified in this standard are in principle intended to be used with all the appliances in order to establish conformity with the corresponding standards.
However, the use of some test gases and test pressures may not be appropriate in the following cases:
- appliances with nominal heat input greater than 300 kW;
- appliances constructed on site;
- appliances in which the final design is influenced by the user;
- appliances constructed for use with high supply pressures (notably direct use of the saturated vapour pressure).
In these cases, the specific appliance standards may specify other test conditions in order to establish compliance with their requirements.
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This document:
• provides requirements and recommendations for the overall Electrical Power System. In
particular, it covers interruptible and uninterruptible Electrical Power Systems including
the systems supplying the I&C systems;
• is consistent and coherent with IEC 61513. Like IEC 61513, this document also highlights
the need for complete and precise requirements, derived from the plant safety goals.
Those requirements are prerequisites for generating the comprehensive requirements for
the overall Electrical Power System architecture, and for the electrical power supply subsystems;
• has to be considered in conjunction with and at the same level as IEC 61513. These two
standards provide a complete framework establishing general requirements for
instrumentation, control, and Electrical Power System for Nuclear Power Plants.
This document establishes:
• the high level specification and requirement to implement a suitable Electrical Power
System in a NPP that supports reactor systems important to safety. It also enables
electrical energy production providing the transmission grid with active and reactive power
and electro-mechanical inertia;
• the relationships between:
– the plant safety requirements and the architecture of the overall Electrical Power
System and its sub-systems (see Figure 1) including:
a) the contribution to the plant Defence in Depth;
b) the independency and redundancy provisions;
– the electrical requirements and the architecture of the Electrical Power System and its
sub-systems;
– the functional requirements and the architecture of the Electrical Power System and its
sub-systems;
– the requirements associated with the maintenance strategy and the architecture of the
Electrical Power System and its sub-systems;
• the design of Electrical power sub-systems (e.g. interruptible and uninterruptible);
• the requirements for supporting systems of Electrical Power System (HVAC, I&C, etc.);
• the Electrical Power System life-cycle framework.
This document does not cover the specification of:
• I&C systems;
• the transmission lines connecting to substations outside the NPP;
• electrical equipment requirements already defined in the industrial IEC standards;
• electrical power for security systems (e.g., fences, surveillance systems, entrance
control);
• lighting and socket facility.
This document does not consider power production requirements.
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This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications for solid biofuels of raw and processed materials originating from a) forestry and arboriculture; b) agriculture and horticulture; c) aquaculture. Chemically treated material may not include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values (see Annex B) or higher than typical values of the country of origin. NOTEÂ Â Â Â Â Â Raw and processed material includes woody, herbaceous, fruit, aquatic biomass and biodegradable waste originating from above sectors.
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This document specifies a method of testing fullâ€flow lubricating oil filters for internal combustion engines to determine their ability to withstand a static pressure objective and to determine their burst pressure and the failure mode concerned. It does not apply to filters for use in aeronautical applications or plastic components.
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IEC 62282-7-2:2021 applies to SOFC cell/stack assembly units, testing systems, instruments and measuring methods, and specifies test methods to test the performance of SOFC cells and stacks. This document is not applicable to small button cells that are designed for SOFC material testing and provide no practical means of fuel utilization measurement. This document is used based on the recommendation of the entity that provides the cell performance specification or for acquiring data on a cell or stack in order to estimate the performance of a system based on it. Users of this document can selectively execute test items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document. This first edition cancels and replaces IEC TS 62282-7-2 published in 2014. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 622827-2:2014:
- users can substitute selected test methods of this document with equivalent test methods of IEC 62282-8-101 for solid oxide cell (SOC) operation for energy storage purposes, operated in reverse or reversible mode;
- terms and definitions are aligned with the corresponding terms and definitions in IEC 62282-8-101;
- symbols are aligned with the corresponding symbols in IEC 62282-8-101.
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This document specifies fuels whose use is recommended for performing the exhaust emission test cycles given in ISO 8178-4. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines for mobile, transportable and stationary installations excluding engines for vehicles primarily designed for road use. This document is applicable to engines used, e.g. earth-moving machines and generating sets, and for other applications.
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This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
lifetime. In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126.
Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended
to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163
(under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in
IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941
regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests
procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
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This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded wood pellets for non-industrial and industrial use. This document covers only wood pellets produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1): —   1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood; —   1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry; —   1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood. Thermally treated biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets) are not included in the scope of this document.
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This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations
are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described
in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics
tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize
IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 based terrestrial flat plate
modules. As such it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology
supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures
described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
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This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules
so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they
are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 631261. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are
recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in
IEC TS 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics
tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize
IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as
crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are
performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module
is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are
empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are
applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and
thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated
test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that
are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient
level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215
series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests procedures described
in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations
are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described
in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics
tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize
IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all thin-film amorphous silicon (a-Si; a-Si/μc-Si) based
terrestrial flat plate modules. As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this
technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures
described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
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This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC TS 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules. It does not apply to systems that are not long-term applications, such as flexible modules installed in awnings or tenting.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration.
This document does not address the particularities of PV modules with integrated electronics. It may however be used as a basis for testing such PV modules.
The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design, and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
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IEC 60335-2-104:2021 is available as IEC 60335-2-104:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60335-2-104:2021 deals with the safety of electrical recovery and/or recycle equipment to recover and/or recycle refrigerant from air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. This applies to air-conditioning, heat-pumps and refrigeration equipment incorporating open drive or motor-compressors, their maximum rated voltages being not more than 300 V for single phase appliances and 600 V for all other equipment.
Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless may be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by service personnel in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard.
The appliances referenced above may consist of one or more factory made assemblies. If provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies are to be used together, and the requirements are based on the use of matched assemblies.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Clause 1 - The scope has been edited to reflect that "appliance" in this document means recovery and/or recycle equipment to recover and/or recycle refrigerant from air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment.
b) Clause 2 - Normative references were added.
c) Clause 3 - Some definitions were deleted, some were added.
d) Subclause 7.1 - Some markings were deleted, some were added.
e) Subclause 7.6 - Symbols were added for “read operator’s manual”, “operator’s manual; operating instructions” including coloring are placed in visible location; maximum allowable pressure markings following X MPa.
f) Subclause 19.11.4 was modified.
g) Subclause 21.1 was modified.
h) Subclause 21.2 was modified.
i) Subclause 22.102 was modified.
j) Subclause 22.104.1.1 was modified.
k) Subclause 22.104.5 was modified.
l) Subclause 22.104.10 was modified.
m) Subclause 22.104.11 was modified.
n) Subclause 22.105.1 was modified.
o) Subclause 22.107 was modified.
p) Subclause 30.2 was moved to Clause 29.
q) Annex AA was deleted and replaced with Annex AA.
r) Annex BB was deleted and replaced with former IEC 60335-2-104 Annex CC (normative) Compatibility requirements following addition to Annex BB.
s) Annex DD was deleted and replaced with Annex CC.
t) New Annex DD was added.
u) New Annex EE was added.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the fifth edition of IEC 60335-1:2010 and its amendments.
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1.1Â This document establishes performance testing and rating criteria for factory-made residential, commercial and industrial, electrically-driven, mechanical- compression type, water-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps. The requirements for testing and rating contained in this document are based on the use of matched assemblies. 1.2Â Equipment may be designed for rating at one or several source and load side temperature conditions described in this document. 1.3Â This document does not apply to the testing and rating of individual assemblies for separate use, nor to the testing and rating of heat pumps covered in ISOÂ 5151, ISOÂ 13253 or ISOÂ 13256-1.
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1.1 This document establishes performance testing and rating criteria for factory-made residential, commercial and industrial, electrically-driven, mechanical- compression type, water-to-air and brine-to-air heat pumps. The requirements for testing and rating contained in this document are based on the use of matched assemblies. 1.2 Equipment designed for rating at one liquid temperature range under this document may not be suitable at all liquid temperature ranges covered in this document. 1.3 This document does not apply to the testing and rating of individual assemblies for separate use, nor to the testing and rating of heat pumps covered in ISO 5151, ISO 13253 or ISO 13256‑2.
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This document specifies the minimum requirements for the qualification of concentrator
photovoltaic (CPV) cells and Cell on Carrier (CoC) assemblies for incorporation into CPV
receivers, modules and systems.
The object of this qualification standard is to determine the optoelectronic, mechanical, thermal,
and processing characteristics of CPV cells and CoCs to show that they are capable of
withstanding assembly processes and CPV application environments. The qualification tests of
this document are designed to demonstrate that cells or CoCs are suitable for typical assembly
processes, and when properly assembled, are capable of passing IEC 62108.
This document defines qualification testing for two levels of concentrator photovoltaic device
assembly:
a) cell, or bare cell; and
b) cell on carrier (CoC).
NOTE Note that a variety of alternate names are used within the industry, such as solar cell assembly, receiver,
etc.
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This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic
modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of
modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under
which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module
lifetime.
In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are
recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in
IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations
are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described
in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics
tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize
IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing.
This document is intended to apply to all thin-film CdTe based terrestrial flat plate modules.
As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing
IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing.
This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be
utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests
are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design
concentration.
The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module
and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions
are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and
are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design
and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on
accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component
testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions
that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a
sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into
the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1. In contrast, the tests procedures
described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules.
This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and
requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for competence, consistency and impartiality in the auditing and certification of ISOÂ 50001 energy management systems (EnMS) for bodies providing these services. In order to ensure the effectiveness of EnMS auditing, this document addresses the auditing process, the competence requirements for the personnel involved in the certification process for EnMS, the audit time and multi-site sampling.
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This International Standard describes methods for establishing seismic qualification procedures
that will yield quantitative data to demonstrate that the equipment can meet its performance
requirements. This document is applicable to electrical, mechanical, instrumentation and control
equipment/components that are used in nuclear facilities. This document provides methods and
documentation requirements for seismic qualification of equipment to verify the equipment’s
ability to perform its specified performance requirements during and/or after specified seismic
demands. This document does not specify seismic demand or performance requirements. Other
aspects, relating to quality assurance, selection of equipment, and design and modification of
systems, are not part of this document. As seismic qualification is only a part of equipment
qualification, this document is used in conjunction with IEC/IEEE 60780-323.
The seismic qualification demonstrates equipment’s ability to perform its safety function(s)
during and/or after the time it is subjected to the forces resulting from at least one safe shutdown
earthquake (SSE/S2). This ability is demonstrated by taking into account, prior to the SSE/S2,
the ageing of equipment and the postulated occurrences of a given number of lower intensity
operating basis earthquake (OBE/S1). Ageing phenomena to be considered, if specified in the
design specification, are those which could increase the vulnerability of equipment to vibrations
caused by an SSE/S2.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of water sorption in a laboratory setting and provides a measure for how the durability is impacted as a result of immersion in water. Post-immersion durability reduction is calculated as the difference between the durability of the as-received sample and the durability of the wetted product.
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IEC TS 63140:2021 provides test methods for quantifying the permanent change in a monolithically integrated PV module’s power output that may result from some potential partial shade conditions. Three tests are available, representing conditions of use, misuse, and most severe misuse. This document is applicable to monolithically integrated PV modules with one series-connected cell group or with multiple series-connected cell groups that are in turn connected in parallel. This document is not applicable to PV modules formed by the interconnection of separate cells.
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IEC TS 63209-1:2021 is intended to provide information to supplement the baseline testing defined in IEC 61215, which is a qualification test with pass-fail criteria. This document provides a standardized method for evaluating longer term reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules and for different bills of materials (BOMs) that may be used when manufacturing those modules. The included test sequences in this specification are intended to provide information for comparative qualitative analysis using stresses relevant to application exposures to target known failure modes.
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IEC 61468:2021 applies to in-core neutron detectors, viz. self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs), which are intended for application in systems important for nuclear reactor safety: protection, instrumentation and control. This document contains SPND characteristics and test methods. In this document, the main sources of errors, and the possibilities for their minimization are also considered. This document contains requirements, recommendations and instructions concerning selection of SPND type and characteristics for various possible applications.
This document about SPNDs uses the basic requirements of IEC 61513 and IEC 60568 and complements them with more specific provisions in compliance with IAEA Safety Guides.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2000, and its Amendment 1, published in 2003.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Title modified.
b. Justify the requirements for SPND characteristics in terms of influencing factors.
c. Align the terminology with the current state of the regulatory framework.
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IEC 62934:2021 provides terms and definitions in the subject area of grid integration of renewable energy generation. The technical issues of grid integration mainly focus on the issues caused by renewable energy generation with variable sources and/or converter based technology, such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation. Some renewable energy generations such as hydro power and biomass power with a relatively continuously available primary energy source and a rotating generator are conventional sources of generation, and are therefore not covered in this document.
The intention of this document is to answer the question "what do the words mean" and not "under what conditions do the terms apply".
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IEC/IEEE 63113:2021 provides criteria for spent fuel pool instrumentation for nuclear power generating stations and other nuclear facilities. The document applies to water filled spent fuel pools where the water volume is necessary to prevent a release of fission products that exceeds allowed operational limits. The purpose of this document is to establish design, performance, qualification, and display criteria for spent fuel pool instrumentation for normal operation, anticipated operational occurrences, design basis events, and design extension conditions (including severe accident conditions).
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The present document is aimed at defining the topology and level of analysis to assess the energy efficiency of mobile
networks. Within the scope of the present document there is the radio access part of the mobile networks, and namely
there are radio base stations, backhauling systems, radio controllers and other infrastructure radio site equipment. The
covered technologies are GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G New Radio (NR). In particular the present document defines
metrics for mobile network energy efficiency and methods for assessing (and measuring) energy efficiency in
operational networks. The purpose of the present document is to allow better comprehension of networks energy
efficiency, in particular considering the networks' evolution in different periods in time.
Aiming to consider also the slicing approach of the networks from 5G onwards the metrics are extended to the latency
of the network itself related to the energy consumed, additionally to the metrics based on traffic and on coverage,
already existing for legacy networks and still valid.
The present document deals with both a homogeneous and heterogeneous "network" considering a network whose size
and scale could be defined by topologic, geographic or demographic boundaries. For networks defined by topologic
boundaries, a possible example of a network covered by the present document consists of a control node (whenever
applicable), its supported access nodes as well as the related network elements. Networks could be defined by
geographic boundaries, such as city-wide, national or continental networks and could be defined by demographic
boundaries, such as urban or rural networks.
The present document applies to the so-called "partial" networks for which a measurement method is also
recommended. The specification extends the measurements in partial networks to wider so-called "total" networks
energy efficiency estimations (i.e. the network in a geographic area, the network in a whole country, the network of a
MNO, etc.).
Terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document and is not considered in the energy
efficiency measurement.
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The present document version covers base stations with the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
• NR.
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption and RF output
power. Within the present document it is referred to as static measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements provide power and energy consumption figures for BS under static load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the BS power and energy consumption.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power and energy consumption of complete base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations and Medium Range Base Stations (as defined in ETSI TS 125 104 [2], ETSI TS 136 104 [12],
and ETSI TS 138 104 [15]) are covered in the present document.
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This TS provides technical specifications and guidance for the installation of refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment This document provides technical information for the installation of refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment containing flammable refrigerants, in particular from class A3, complementing existing standards. The term “refrigerating system” used in this document includes air conditioners and heat pumps.
Refrigerants from toxicity class B are excluded from this scope.
This document includes risk mitigation measures not yet addressed in existing standards for specific refrigerant classes, or not fully reflecting the state of the art, and establishes complementary technical specifications related to the installation of equipment.
The following aspects are considered:
- explosive atmosphere workplace and equipment;
NOTE Further information can be found in Directive 99/92/EC (ATEX Workplace Directive) and Directive 2014/34/EU (ATEX Equipment Directive).
- design and structural specifications for the installation site;
- marking and labelling of equipment parts and installation site;
- good practice for installing equipment, including tools and personal protection;
- risk mitigation methods and related refrigerant charge limits;
- risk assessments;
- competence of personnel;
- safety testing of systems and equipment.
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- Technical specification12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides technical specifications for the operation, servicing, maintenance, repair and decommissioning of refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment containing flammable refrigerants, in particular from class A3, complementing existing standards.
Refrigerants from toxicity class B are excluded from this scope.
This document includes risk mitigation measures not yet addressed in existing standards for specific refrigerant classes, or not fully reflecting the state of the art, and establishes complementary technical specifications for the operation, servicing, maintenance, repair and decommissioning, .
The following aspects are considered:
- explosive atmosphere workplace and equipment;
NOTE Further information can be found in Directive 99/92/EC (ATEX Workplace Directive) and Directive 2014/34/EU (ATEX Equipment Directive).
- good practice for the operation, servicing, maintenance, repair and decommissioning, including tools and personal protection;
- risk mitigation methods;
- risk assessments;
- competence of personnel;
- health and safety of personnel;
- location of the equipment.
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- Technical specification11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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This document specifies the general principles and basic requirements of design for small hydropower (SHP) projects up to 30 MWe, mainly including hydrology, geology, energy calculations, project layout, hydraulics, electromechanical equipment selection, construction planning, project cost estimates, economic appraisal, social and environmental assessments. Application of this document is intended to be site specific, with the principles and requirements of design applied in accordance with the needs of proposed hydropower plant.
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2021-01-15 - JE- TC - Corrects the wording related to Formula (6) in 5.5.1.2.1.4, 5.5.1.2.2.3, 5.5.1.3.3, 5.5.1.4.3, 5.12.2.1.3, 5.12.2.2.3 and 5.19.20.4.3 + Consolidated text not in XML, as mother standard EN 12514:2020 was not prepared in XML
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This document gives guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving a common energy management system (EnMS) for multiple organizations. This document follows the general structure used in ISO 50001:2018.
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This document specifies a periodic heat method for measurement of the thermal diffusivity of thermal insulation material in the shape of a flat plate.
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IEC 61215-2:2021 is available as IEC 61215-2:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-2:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules. The objective of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. This second edition of IEC 61215-2 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-2 issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Addition of cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load testing (MQT 20).
b. Addition of a test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21).
c. Addition of test methods required for bifacial PV modules.
d. Addition of test methods required for flexible modules. This includes the addition of the bending test (MQT 22).
e. Revision of simulator requirements to ensure uncertainty is both well-defined and minimized.
f. Correction to the hot spot endurance test, where the procedure for monolithically integrated (MLI) thin film technologies (MQT 09.2) previously included two sections describing a procedure only appropriate for silicon modules.
g. Selection of three diodes, rather than all, for testing in the bypass diode thermal test (MQT 18).
h. Removal of the nominal module operating test (NMOT), and associated test of performance at NMOT, from the IEC 61215 series.
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IEC 61215-1-3:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1-3:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1-3:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. This document is intended to apply to all thin-film amorphous silicon (a-Si; a-Si/µc-Si) based terrestrial flat plate modules. As such, it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-3, issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b. A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c. A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules.
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IEC 61215-1-4:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1-4:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1-4:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. This document is intended to apply to all thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 based terrestrial flat plate modules. As such it addresses special requirements for testing of this technology supplementing IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 requirements for testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-4, issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b. A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c. A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules added.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
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This document specifies the format of binary list-mode data at the output of digital data acquisition devices used for the detection and measurement of radiation. Such data acquisition devices may employ digital signal processors (DSP) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) in combination with memory and a communication interface with a computer.
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IEC 61215-1-1:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1-1:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1-1:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-1, issued in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b. A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c. A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules added.
d. A procedure for stress specific stabilization – BO LID (MQT 19.3) added.
e. A final stabilization procedure for modules undergoing PID testing added
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IEC 61215-1:2021 is available as IEC 61215-1:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61215-1:2021 lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. This document is intended to apply to all terrestrial flat plate module materials such as crystalline silicon module types as well as thin-film modules. It does not apply to systems that are not long-term applications, such as flexible modules installed in awnings or tenting. This second edition of IEC 61215-1 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1, published in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Addition of a test taken from IEC TS 62782.
b. Addition of a test taken from IEC TS 62804-1.
c. Addition of test methods required for flexible modules. This includes the addition of the bending test (MQT 22).
d. Addition of definitions, references and instructions on how to perform the IEC 61215 design qualification and type approval on bifacial PV modules.
e. Clarification of the requirements related to power output measurements.
f. Addition of weights to junction box during 200 thermal cycles.
g. Requirement that retesting be performed according to IEC TS 62915.
h. Removal of the nominal module operating test (NMOT), and associated test of performance at NMOT, from the IEC 61215 series.
The contents of the corrigendum of May 2021 have been included in this copy.
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This document specifies an analytical method by spectrophotometry, for determining the plutonium concentration in nitric acid solutions, with spectrophotometer implemented in hot cell and glove box allowing the analysis of high activity solutions. Commonly, the method is applicable, without interference, even in the presence of numerous cations, for a plutonium concentration higher than 0,5 mg·l−1 in the original sample with a standard uncertainty, with coverage factor k = 1, less than 5 %.
The method is intended for process controls at the different steps of the process in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant or in other nuclear facilities.
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This document describes the ceramographic preparation of uranium dioxide (UO2) sintered pellets for qualitative and quantitative microstructure examinations.
These examinations can be carried out before and after thermal or chemical etching.
They enable
— observations of fissures, inter- or intra-granular pores and inclusions, and
— measurement of pore and grain size and measurement of pore and grain size distributions.
The measurement of average grain size can be carried out using a classical counting method as described in ISO 2624 or ASTM E112[3], i.e. intercept procedure, comparison with standard grids or reference photographs.
The measurement of pore-size distributions is usually carried out by an automatic image analyser. If the grain-size distributions are also measured with an image analyser, it is recommended that thermal etching be used to reveal the grain structure uniformly throughout the whole sample.
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This document specifies a method of determining the apparent density and tap density of free-flowing uranium dioxide (UO2) powder which will be used for pelleting and sintering of UO2 pellets as a nuclear fuel.
This method can be used for different UO2 powder types including grains, granules, spheres or other kinds of particles. The method can also be applied to other fuel powders as PuO2, ThO2 and powder mixtures as UO2-PuO2 and UO2-Gd2O3.
This document is based on the principle of using a flowmeter funnel (see 4.1). Other measurement apparatus, such as a Scott volumeter, can also be used.
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This document specifies gas leakage test criteria and test methods for demonstrating that packages used to transport radioactive materials comply with the package containment requirements defined in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material for:
— design verification;
— fabrication verification;
— preshipment verification;
— periodic verification;
— maintenance verification.
This document describes a method for relating permissible activity release of the radioactive contents carried within a containment system to equivalent gas leakage rates under specified test conditions. This approach is called gas leakage test methodology. However, in this document it is recognized that other methodologies might be acceptable, provided that they demonstrate that any release of the radioactive contents will not exceed the regulatory requirements, and subject to agreement with the competent authority.
This document provides both overall and detailed guidance on the complex relationships between an equivalent gas leakage test and a permissible activity release rate. Whereas the overall guidance is universally agreed upon, the use of the detailed guidance shall be agreed upon with the competent authority during the Type B(U), Type B(M) or Type C packages certification process.
It should be noted that, for a given package, demonstration of compliance is not limited to a single methodology.
While this document does not require particular gas leakage test procedures, it does present minimum requirements for any test that is to be used. It is the responsibility of the package designer or consignor to estimate or determine the maximum permissible release rate of radioactivity to the environment and to select appropriate leakage test procedures that have adequate sensitivity.
This document pertains specifically to Type B(U), Type B(M) or Type C packages for which the regulatory containment requirements are specified explicitly.
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