29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
ICS 29.035.01 Details
Insulating materials in general
Isolierstoffe im allgemeinen
Materiaux isolants electriques en general
Izolacijski materiali na splošno
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IEC 62631-3-12:2024 specifies a method of test for the determination of volume resistance and volume resistivity of electrical insulation materials by applying a DC voltage. It covers casting resins described in IEC 60455-3-1, IEC 60455-3-2, IEC 60455-3-3, IEC 60455-3-4, IEC 60455-3-8 and similar products.
For other specific types of materials, other standards or the general method described in IEC 62631-3-1 can be more suitable.
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IEC 62631-2-3:2024 specifies the measuring technology and the test method for the relative permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor of thin single layer insulating polymer film without any additional metallization on the sample surface. The adaptive thickness range is approximately 10 μm to 100 μm. The proposed frequency is the power frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz), and it is also suitable in the technical frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz.
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IEC 62631-2-3:2024 specifies the measuring technology and the test method for the relative permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor of thin single layer insulating polymer film without any additional metallization on the sample surface. The adaptive thickness range is approximately 10 μm to 100 μm. The proposed frequency is the power frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz), and it is also suitable in the technical frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz.
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IEC 62836:2024 provides an efficient and reliable procedure to test the internal electric field in the insulating materials used for high-voltage applications, by using the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method. It is suitable for a planar and coaxial geometry sample with homogeneous insulating materials of thickness larger or equal to 0,5 mm and an electric field higher than 1 kV/mm, but it is also dependent on the thickness of the sample and the pressure wave generator.
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC TS 62836 published in 2020.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 62836:
a) addition of Clause 12 for the measurement of space charge distribution in a planar sample;
b) addition of Clause 13 for coaxial geometry samples;
c) addition of Annex D with measurement examples for coaxial geometry samples;
d) addition of a Bibliography;
e) measurement examples for a planar sample have been moved from Clause 12 in IEC TS 62836 to Annex C.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62836:2024 provides an efficient and reliable procedure to test the internal electric field in the insulating materials used for high-voltage applications, by using the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method. It is suitable for a planar and coaxial geometry sample with homogeneous insulating materials of thickness larger or equal to 0,5 mm and an electric field higher than 1 kV/mm, but it is also dependent on the thickness of the sample and the pressure wave generator. This first edition cancels and replaces IEC TS 62836 published in 2020. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 62836: a) addition of Clause 12 for the measurement of space charge distribution in a planar sample; b) addition of Clause 13 for coaxial geometry samples; c) addition of Annex D with measurement examples for coaxial geometry samples; d) addition of a Bibliography; e) measurement examples for a planar sample have been moved from Clause 12 in IEC TS 62836 to Annex C.
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IEC 62631-2-3:2024 specifies the measuring technology and the test method for the relative permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor of thin single layer insulating polymer film without any additional metallization on the sample surface. The adaptive thickness range is approximately 10 μm to 100 μm. The proposed frequency is the power frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz), and it is also suitable in the technical frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz.
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This part of IEC 60455 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive
compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation.
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IEC 62836:2024 provides an efficient and reliable procedure to test the internal electric field in the insulating materials used for high-voltage applications, by using the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method. It is suitable for a planar and coaxial geometry sample with homogeneous insulating materials of thickness larger or equal to 0,5 mm and an electric field higher than 1 kV/mm, but it is also dependent on the thickness of the sample and the pressure wave generator.
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC TS 62836 published in 2020.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 62836:
a) addition of Clause 12 for the measurement of space charge distribution in a planar sample;
b) addition of Clause 13 for coaxial geometry samples;
c) addition of Annex D with measurement examples for coaxial geometry samples;
d) addition of a Bibliography;
e) measurement examples for a planar sample have been moved from Clause 12 in IEC TS 62836 to Annex C.
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IEC TS 61934:2024 is available as IEC TS 61934:2024 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC TS 61934:2024 is applicable to the off-line electrical measurement of partial discharges (PDs) that occur in electrical insulation systems (EISs) when stressed by repetitive voltage impulses generated from power electronics devices.
Typical applications are EISs belonging to apparatus driven by power electronics, such as motors, inductive reactors, wind turbine generators and the power electronics modules themselves.
NOTE Use of this document with specific products can require the application of additional procedures.
Excluded from the scope of this document are:
- methods based on optical or ultrasonic PD detection,
- fields of application for PD measurements when stressed by non-repetitive impulse voltages such as lightning impulse or switching impulses from switchgear.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) background information on the progress being made in the field of power electronics including the introduction of wide band gap semiconductor devices has been added to the Introduction;
b) voltage impulse generators; the parameter values of the voltage impulse waveform have been modified to reflect application of wide band gap semiconductor devices.
c) PD detection methods; charge-based measurements are not described in this third edition nor are source-controlled gating techniques to suppress external noise.
d) Since the previous edition in 2011, there have been significant technical advances in this field as evidenced by several hundreds of publications. Consequently, the Bibliography in the 2011 edition has been deleted in this third edition.
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This part of IEC 60893 describes methods of test for the materials defined in IEC 60893-1
(referred to also as Part 1).
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IEC 62631-3-2:2023 describes methods of test for the determination of surface resistance and surface resistivity of electrical insulation materials by applying DC voltage. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) descriptions of the electrode arrangements have been clarified;
b) new descriptions of the conductive means have been added;
c) a new informative Annex B summarizing the results of the comparative verification study on surface resistivities using different electrode arrangements has been added.
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IEC 60893-2:2023 is available as IEC 60893-2:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60893-2:2023 describes methods of test for the materials defined in IEC 60893-1 (referred to also as Part 1). This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) removal of reference to withdrawn specification IEC 60167:1964; b) inclusion of reference to IEC 62631-3-3:2015, which supersedes IEC 60167:1964. Details in 6.3 have been updated accordingly. The actual performance of the test has not changed; c) normative references have been updated.
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IEC 62631-3-2:2023 describes methods of test for the determination of surface resistance and surface resistivity of electrical insulation materials by applying DC voltage. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) descriptions of the electrode arrangements have been clarified; b) new descriptions of the conductive means have been added; c) a new informative Annex B summarizing the results of the comparative verification study on surface resistivities using different electrode arrangements has been added.
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- Amendment5 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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IEC 60626-1:2023 is available as IEC 60626-1:2023 RLVwhich contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60626-1:2023 contains the definitions related to and the general requirements to be fulfilled by combined flexible materials for electrical insulation. This document does not include mica papers used as a primary component, which are covered by the IEC 60371 series, but insulation materials based on mica paper can be used as component of a combined flexible material. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of material by a user for a specific application is based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the materials available for use within this series of standards have been updated;
b) a framework has been created to allow test methods beyond those used for quality control specifications to allow for testing for qualification purposes.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60893-2:2023 is available as IEC 60893-2:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60893-2:2023 describes methods of test for the materials defined in IEC 60893-1 (referred to also as Part 1). This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) removal of reference to withdrawn specification IEC 60167:1964;
b) inclusion of reference to IEC 62631-3-3:2015, which supersedes IEC 60167:1964. Details in 6.3 have been updated accordingly. The actual performance of the test has not changed;
c) normative references have been updated.
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IEC 60811-501:2012 gives the procedure for determining the mechanical properties, which typically applies to cross-linked and thermoplastic compounds used for insulating and sheathing materials. IEC 60811-501:2012 cancels and replaces Clause 9 of IEC 60811-1-1:1993, which is withdrawn. Full details of the replacements are shown in Annex A of IEC 60811-100:2012. There is one significant technical change with respect to the previous edition: the requirements for the (minimum) thickness of dumb-bell test pieces have changed. See also the Foreword to IEC 60811-100.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60811-100:2012.
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IEC 60811-508:2012 gives the procedure for a pressure test at high temperature, which typically applies to thermoplastic compounds used for insulating and sheathing materials. IEC 60811-508:2012 cancels and replaces Clause 8 of IEC 60811-3-1:1985, which is withdrawn. Full details of the replacements are shown in Annex A of IEC 60811-100:2012. Significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
- re-statement of oven characteristics, especially relating to anti-vibration and to temperature control;
- enhanced detail as to the preparations and testing of flat cables;
- enhanced detail as to thickness and dimensional measurements. See also the Foreword to IEC 60811-100:2012.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60811-100:2012.
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IEC 60811-202:2012 gives the methods for measuring thicknesses of non-metallic sheath which apply to the most common types of sheathing compounds (cross-linked, PVC, PE, PP, etc.). IEC 60811-202:2012 cancels and replaces 8.2 of IEC 60811-1-1:1993, which is withdrawn. Full details of the replacements are shown in Annex A of IEC 60811-100:2012. There are no specific technical changes with respect to the previous edition, but see the Foreword to IEC 60811-100:2012.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60811-100:2012.
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IEC 60811-201:2012 gives the methods for measuring the insulation thicknesses which apply to the most common types of insulating compounds (cross-linked, PVC, PE, PP, etc.). IEC 60811-201:2012 cancels and replaces 8.1 of IEC 60811-1-1:1993, which is withdrawn. Full details of the replacements are shown in Annex A of IEC 60811-100:2012. There are no technical changes with respect to the previous edition, but see the Foreword to IEC 60811-100:2012.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60811-100:2012.
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IEC 60811-503:2012 gives the test method for the shrinkage for sheaths. IEC 60811-503:2012 cancels and replaces Clause 11 of IEC 60811-1-3:1993, which is withdrawn. Full details of the replacements are shown in Annex A of IEC 60811-100:2012. There are no specific technical changes with respect to the previous edition, but see the Foreword to IEC 60811-100:2012.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60811-100:2012.
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IEC 62631-3-2:2023 describes methods of test for the determination of surface resistance and surface resistivity of electrical insulation materials by applying DC voltage. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) descriptions of the electrode arrangements have been clarified;
b) new descriptions of the conductive means have been added;
c) a new informative Annex B summarizing the results of the comparative verification study on surface resistivities using different electrode arrangements has been added.
- Standard103 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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IEC 60626-1:2023 is available as IEC 60626-1:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 60626-1:2023 contains the definitions related to and the general requirements to be fulfilled by combined flexible materials for electrical insulation. This document does not include mica papers used as a primary component, which are covered by the IEC 60371 series, but insulation materials based on mica paper can be used as component of a combined flexible material. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of material by a user for a specific application is based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the materials available for use within this series of standards have been updated; b) a framework has been created to allow test methods beyond those used for quality control specifications to allow for testing for qualification purposes.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60455-2:2023 is available as IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60455-2:2023 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8; b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62899-202-10:2023 defines terminology and measurement methods for the resistance change of conductive ink layer(s) as a function of thermoplastic elongation. The method measures resistance changes in-situ or post-elongation.
This document is applicable to thermoformable substrates with conductive ink layers. The thermoformable substrates can have printed graphic ink as well and cover insulation layers.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 60626-1:2023 is available as IEC 60626-1:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60626-1:2023 contains the definitions related to and the general requirements to be fulfilled by combined flexible materials for electrical insulation. This document does not include mica papers used as a primary component, which are covered by the IEC 60371 series, but insulation materials based on mica paper can be used as component of a combined flexible material. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of material by a user for a specific application is based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the materials available for use within this series of standards have been updated;
b) a framework has been created to allow test methods beyond those used for quality control specifications to allow for testing for qualification purposes.
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IEC 60455-2:2023 is available as IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60455-2:2023 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8;
b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.
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This part of IEC 62631 covers a method of test for the determination of volume resistance and volume resistivity of electrical insulating materials by applying a DC voltage.
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This part of IEC 62631 covers a method of test for the determination of volume resistance and volume resistivity of electrical insulating materials by applying a DC voltage.
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This part of IEC 60216 specifies the experimental and calculation procedures for deriving the thermal endurance characteristics, temperature index (TI) and relative temperature index (RTI) of an electrical insulating material (EIM) using the "fixed time frame method (FTFM)".
In this protocol, the ageing takes place for a small number of fixed times, using the appropriate number of ageing temperatures throughout each time, the properties of the specimens being measured at the end of the relevant time interval. This differs from the procedure of IEC 60216-1, where ageing is conducted at a small number of fixed temperatures, property measurement taking place after ageing times dependent on the progress of ageing.
The diagnostic tests employed in the fixed time frame method are restricted to destructive tests. The method has not yet been applied to non-destructive or proof test procedures.
Both the TI and the RTI determined according to the FTFM protocol are derived from experimental data obtained in accordance with the instructions of IEC 60216-1 and IEC 60216-2 as modified in this part of IEC 60216. The calculation procedures and statistical tests are modified from those of IEC 60216-3 and IEC 60216-5.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62631-3-1:2023 is available as IEC 62631-3-1:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 62631-3-1:2023 specifies a method of test for the determination of volume resistance and volume resistivity of electrical insulating materials by applying a DC voltage. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- following the withdrawal of IEC 60093 and its partial replacement with the first edition of IEC 62631-3-1, the missing editorial and technical texts have been added and incorporated into this second edition of IEC 62631-3-1;
- the alignment of normative texts and informative notes have been addressed as well as the normative references and bibliography.
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This part of IEC 60216 specifies the experimental and calculation procedures for deriving the thermal endurance characteristics, temperature index (TI) and relative temperature index (RTI) of an electrical insulating material (EIM) using the "fixed time frame method (FTFM)". In this protocol, the ageing takes place for a small number of fixed times, using the appropriate number of ageing temperatures throughout each time, the properties of the specimens being measured at the end of the relevant time interval. This differs from the procedure of IEC 60216-1, where ageing is conducted at a small number of fixed temperatures, property measurement taking place after ageing times dependent on the progress of ageing. The diagnostic tests employed in the fixed time frame method are restricted to destructive tests. The method has not yet been applied to non-destructive or proof test procedures. Both the TI and the RTI determined according to the FTFM protocol are derived from experimental data obtained in accordance with the instructions of IEC 60216-1 and IEC 60216-2 as modified in this part of IEC 60216. The calculation procedures and statistical tests are modified from those of IEC 60216-3 and IEC 60216-5.
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This part of IEC 60216 specifies the experimental and calculation procedures to be used for
deriving the relative temperature index of a material from experimental data obtained in
accordance with the instructions of IEC 60216-1 and IEC 60216-2. The calculation procedures
are supplementary to those of IEC 60216-3.
Guidance is also given for assessment of thermal ageing after a single fixed time and
temperature, without extrapolation.
The experimental data can in principle be obtained using destructive, non-destructive or proof
tests, although destructive tests have been much more extensively employed. Data obtained
from non-destructive or proof tests can be “censored”, in that measurement of times taken to
reach the endpoint have been terminated at some point after the median time but before all
specimens have reached end-point (see IEC 60216-1).
Guidance is given for preliminary assignment of a thermal class for an electrical insulating
material (EIM), based upon the thermal ageing performance.
While the thermal classification of an EIM is not directly related to the thermal classification of
an electrical insulation system (EIS), the thermal classification of an EIS follows the same
concepts as presented in this part of the 60216 series. The calculation procedures of this
standard apply to the determination of the thermal class of an EIS when the thermal stress is
the prevailing ageing factor.
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IEC 60216-5:2022 specifies the experimental and calculation procedures to be used for deriving the relative temperature index of a material from experimental data obtained in accordance with the instructions of IEC 60216-1 and IEC 60216-2. The calculation procedures are supplementary to those of IEC 60216-3. Guidance is also given for assessment of thermal ageing after a single fixed time and temperature, without extrapolation. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
Annex C “Computer program” has been completely reworked;
in 3.1, the terms “ATE” and “RTE” were replaced by “ATI” and “RTI” to emphasize their reference to an electrical insulating material (EIM). This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60216-1:2013, IEC 60216-2:2005 and IEC 60216-3:2021.
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IEC 60216-6:2022 specifies the experimental and calculation procedures for deriving the thermal endurance characteristics, temperature index (TI) and relative temperature index (RTI) of an electrical insulating material (EIM) using the “fixed time frame method (FTFM)”. In this protocol, the ageing takes place for a small number of fixed times, using the appropriate number of ageing temperatures throughout each time, the properties of the specimens being measured at the end of the relevant time interval. This differs from the procedure of IEC 60216-1, where ageing is conducted at a small number of fixed temperatures, property measurement taking place after ageing times dependent on the progress of ageing. The diagnostic tests employed in the fixed time frame method are restricted to destructive tests. The method has not yet been applied to non-destructive or proof test procedures. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- clarification of definition of index properties vs. endurance properties;
- complete rework of Annex G and the corresponding program.
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IEC 60216-5:2022 specifies the experimental and calculation procedures to be used for deriving the relative temperature index of a material from experimental data obtained in accordance with the instructions of IEC 60216-1 and IEC 60216-2. The calculation procedures are supplementary to those of IEC 60216-3. Guidance is also given for assessment of thermal ageing after a single fixed time and temperature, without extrapolation. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
Annex C “Computer program” has been completely reworked;
in 3.1, the terms “ATE” and “RTE” were replaced by “ATI” and “RTI” to emphasize their reference to an electrical insulating material (EIM).
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60216-1:2013, IEC 60216-2:2005 and IEC 60216-3:2021.
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