37 - IMAGE TECHNOLOGY
ICS 37 Details
IMAGE TECHNOLOGY
ABBILDUNGSTECHNIK
TECHNOLOGIE DE L'IMAGE
SLIKOVNA TEHNOLOGIJA
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 37 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "IMAGE TECHNOLOGY". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 2058 standards classified under ICS 37 (IMAGE TECHNOLOGY). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document defines the measurement method of optical image stabilization performance for still images compensating for handheld blur consisting of three rotational components, yaw, pitch and roll. It applies to consumer digital cameras with optical image stabilization for still images. Apparatuses such as camcorders and mobile phones with still image shooting functionality are within the scope of this document.
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This document specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the radiographic film digitisation process, such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve, which are applied in ISO 14096-2. These procedures can be integrated into the system software, and together with a standard reference film (see Annex B), used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitisation system with a basic spatial resolution down to 10 µm, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 × 430) mm2.
This document does not address signal processing and display of the digitised data.
- Draft22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies three film-digitisation quality classes for the requirements of non-destructive testing. The user specifies one of these quality classes for the respective film digitisation task. The digitisation parameters depend on the radiation energy, the material thickness penetrated and the quality level of the original radiographic film. This document does not address signal processing, display and storage of the digitised data.
For the application of this document, ISO 14096-1 provides definitions and measurement procedures.
- Draft9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the radiographic film digitisation process, such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve, which are applied in ISO 14096-2. These procedures can be integrated into the system software, and together with a standard reference film (see Annex B), used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitisation system with a basic spatial resolution down to 10 µm, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 × 430) mm2. This document does not address signal processing and display of the digitised data.
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This document specifies three film-digitisation quality classes for the requirements of non-destructive testing. The user specifies one of these quality classes for the respective film digitisation task. The digitisation parameters depend on the radiation energy, the material thickness penetrated and the quality level of the original radiographic film. This document does not address signal processing, display and storage of the digitised data. For the application of this document, ISO 14096-1 provides definitions and measurement procedures.
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This document specifies recommended storage conditions for unprocessed silver halide containing photographic materials. It is not applicable to processed films and prints. This document applies to black-and-white and colour photographic materials (e.g. negative films, positive films, reversal films, positive papers and X-ray films).
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This document specifies a procedure for determining the point resolution, called Scherzer resolution, of high-resolution transmission electron microscopes (HREM), which can visualize sample structure with sub-nanometre fineness. This document also specifies the measurement procedure of the real spherical aberration coefficient of the objective lens used. The procedure specified in this document for measuring the spherical aberration coefficient uses the dark rings that appear in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) pattern of HREM images of amorphous thin films, in which, at least three dark rings need to be observable near the Scherzer focus. Therefore, this document is applicable to HRTEMs equipped with a cold field emission gun (CFEG), Schottky emission gun (SEG) or thermal field emission gun (TFEG), or HREMs equipped with a thermionic emission gun (TEG) in which three or more dark rings can be clearly observed in the FFT pattern. This document does not treat the information limits, lattice resolution and STEM resolution. In addition, this document is not applicable to Cs-corrected TEM.
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This document applies to the interpretation of data relating to the measurement of the surface form deviations of optical elements or the wavefront deformations of optical systems. Often the measurement data are generated by using interferometric techniques, but other measurement techniques also generate measurement data to describe the surface form deviations or wavefront deformations. This document gives definitions of the optical functions and values specified in the preparation of drawings for optical elements and systems, made in accordance with ISO 10110-5 and/or ISO 10110-14 for which the corresponding nomenclature, functions, and values are listed in ISO 10110-5:2026, Annex B.
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This document specifies rules for indicating the tolerance for surface form deviation, in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems. NOTE The terminology of interferometry employing the unit “fringe spacings” is widely used for the specification of tolerances. However, the usage of non-interferometric methods for testing of optical parts has recently become more important. Therefore, unlike in the earlier versions of this document, nanometres are now the preferred and standard unit to express surface form deviations. The usage of fringe spacings is still permitted, provided that the base wavelength is explicitly stated. This document applies to surfaces of plano, spherical, aspheric, cylindric, and toric form as well as to surfaces of other non-spherical shape such as generally described surfaces. It also applies to the substrates of diffractive surfaces; for transmitted or reflected wavefront specifications see ISO 10110-16 and ISO 10110-14.
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This document specifies fundamental concepts of the reference model for textual documents and provides guidance to support long-term preservation from the perspectives of its five layers. It defines: the layers that constitute the reference model for textual documents; the types of elements incorporated within textual documents; property types associated with textual documents; classifications of properties by type; and properties inherent to textual documents relevant to long-term preservation. This document does not cover: specific technical methods for checking whether the properties exist within a specific textual document; specific technical methods for analysing particular textual document format (e.g. DOC, DOCX, ODT, TXT, PDF); specific metadata items for the long-term preservation of textual documents; processes, procedures, or management practices related to long-term preservation or records management.
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This document specifies requirements for environmental communication on print finishing, including surface decoration, binding and packaging processes in post press. This document is applicable for most print finishing processes but excludes those specific to textile printing and ceramic printing due to their unique processing requirements.
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This document specifies the procedure for the measurement of a one-dimensional parameter approximating the translucency magnitude of flat materials that absorb and scatter light. This one-dimensional material property is called ‘translucency alpha’ and can be used in appearance-based 3D reproduction workflows ensuring accurate translucency. While the measurement conditions and virtual reference materials used to define translucency alpha are designed for 3D printing workflows, the use of translucency alpha is not limited to reproducing objects with additive manufacturing technologies.
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This document defines a set of colour image encodings for use in storage, transmission, and display of high dynamic range and wide colour gamut (HDR/WCG) digital still images. It defines the colour encodings, the mandatory and optional metadata, and the reference viewing conditions for HDR/WCG images.
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This document specifies the test method for light stability measurements of prints on transparent or translucent foils, transparent or translucent film, and paper or printed on a textile, which are displayed on backlit units installed in indoor or in shaded outdoor conditions, which are protected against direct precipitation and radiative heating. Installations of backlit display units in outdoor areas without shading, which are exposed to direct weathering and/or radiative heating, are excluded. This document is applicable to the various product classes of “commercial prints” that are suitable for backlit display. These commercial prints often contain combinations of text, pictorial images and/or artwork. This document provides guidelines for colour measurements, data analysis, and also provides guidance for translation of test results into suitable image permanence performance claims considering the variability of backlit designs and environmental conditions. This document is applicable to both analogue and digitally printed matter. Methods and principles apply to both colour and monochrome prints. NOTE The test method in this document does not address the specific requirements for testing museum backlit display, however, some of the elements in this test method (such as exposure in both directions) can also be considered in museum context with details defined by ISO/TS 18950.
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This document specifies the Digital Negative (DNG) image file format. A DNG file meets the requirements provided in this document.
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This document specifies the nominal sizes and aim dimensions, with their cutting tolerances, of black-and-white and colour silver halide containing photographic papers in sheets for pictorial use.
It also specifies a method for checking the squareness of the sheets and straightness of their edges and establishes a rule for package marking.
The term "pictorial" means the use in the production of photographic prints and therefore excludes products for graphic arts.
In International Standards, metric units are prime. However, some older inch sizes are included to add historic context.
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This document specifies a colour profile format and describes the architecture within which it can operate. This architecture supports the exchange of information which specifies the intended colour image processing of digital data. The required reference colour spaces and the data structures (tags) are also specified.
- Standard128 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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IEC 62899-403-2:2026 specifies commonly utilized basic design patterns to evaluate the reproducibility of printed pattern from the viewpoint of the quality of printing plate for the printed electronics. Printing plates in this document include not only gravure, relief (flexo), and offset plates, but also a cylinder for rotary printing and mesh masks for screen printing. Inkjet printing is out of the scope of this document.
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This document describes test methods for measuring the light stability of photographic prints when subjected to LED illumination sources under conditions that simulate indoor display. This document is applicable to all types of colour and monochrome photographic reflection prints. This document does not include test procedures for determining the effects of light exposure on the physical stability of images, supports or binder materials. NOTE 1 It is recognized that in some instances, physical degradation such as support embrittlement, image layer cracking, or delamination of an image layer from its support, rather than the stability of the image itself, will determine the useful life of a print material. NOTE 2 General guidance and requirements are given in ISO 18937-1. NOTE 3 Tables 1 and 3 of LED lamp relative spectral irradiance were created using spectra from phosphor-converted blue LED lamps. Other types of LED lamps that meet the criteria of Tables 1 and 3 are also in the scope of this document.
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This document specifies the general procedures of the powder test method for the water resistance of optical glass.
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This document specifies a method for measuring first print out time (FPOT) of digital printing devices. The document is applicable to digital printing devices and multifunctional devices, including black and white (B&W) and colour devices of any underlying marking technology. The document includes instructions for test charts, test setup procedure, test procedure and the reporting requirements for the digital printing measurements.
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This document is limited to the evaluation of toner cartridge page yield for toner-containing cartridges (i.e. all-in-one toner cartridges and toner cartridges without a photoconductor) for colour electrophotographic print systems. This document can also be applied to the printer component of any multifunctional device that has a digital input printing path, including multi-function devices that contain electrophotographic printer components. This document is only intended for the measurement of toner cartridge page yield when printing on plain paper using cyan, magenta, yellow and black toner cartridges. No other claims can be made from this testing regarding quality, reliability, etc. This document is not for use with printers whose minimum printable size is equal to or greater than A3 or for photo-only printers. Application of this document for yield measurement of toner replenishment systems (i.e. toner cartridge and bottle type systems where the toner reservoir is internal to the printing system and not user-replaceable) implies some procedural modifications specifically noted herein. This document is intended for equipment used in the office space and does not apply to production volume or large format printing machines where the major cost of ownership is not caused by the consumable yield measured in this document. NOTE 1 An all-in-one toner cartridge is a cartridge that includes at least: a toner containment part, a photoreceptor part and a developer part (see ISO/IEC 29142-1). NOTE 2 This document will be used for the measurement of one of the contributions to cost per page (CPP). This document does not directly measure CPP, only the yield of the magenta, cyan, yellow and black toner cartridges. In most cases, these are not the only contributors to the CPP. It is beyond the scope of this document to provide a methodology for calculation of CPP.
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This document is limited to the evaluation of toner cartridge page yield for toner containing cartridges (i.e. all-in-one toner cartridges and toner cartridges without a photoconductor) for monochrome electrophotographic print systems. This document can also be applied to the printer component of any multifunctional device that has a digital input-printing path, including multi-function devices that contain printer components. This document is only intended for the measurement of toner cartridge yield. No other claims may be made from this testing regarding quality, reliability, etc. This document is not for use with printers whose minimum printable size is equal to or greater than A3 or for photo-only printers. Application of this document for yield measurement of toner replenishment systems (i.e. toner cartridge- and bottle-type systems where the toner reservoir is internal to the printing system and not user-replaceable) implies some procedural modifications specifically noted herein. This document is intended for equipment used in the office space and does not apply to production volume or large format printing machines where the major cost of ownership is not caused by the consumable yield measured in this document. NOTE 1 An all-in-one toner cartridge is a cartridge that includes at least a toner containment part, a photoreceptor part and a developer part (see ISO/IEC 29142-1). NOTE 2 This document can be used for the measurement of one of the contributions to cost per page (CPP). This document does not directly measure CPP, only the yield of the toner cartridges. In most cases, these are not the only contributors to the CPP. It is beyond the scope of this document to provide a methodology for calculation of CPP.
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IEC 62899-302-7:2025 provides measurement methods for inkjet printing dot placement evaluation for printed electronics.
NOTE: This document only describes the measurement methods, not the evaluation of the printing system.
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This document specifies a colour profile format and describes the architecture within which it can operate. This architecture supports the exchange of information which specifies the intended colour image processing of digital data. The required reference colour spaces and the data structures (tags) are also specified.
- Standard128 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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This document specifies the nominal sizes and aim dimensions, with their cutting tolerances, of black-and-white and colour silver halide containing photographic papers in sheets for pictorial use. It also specifies a method for checking the squareness of the sheets and straightness of their edges and establishes a rule for package marking. The term "pictorial" means the use in the production of photographic prints and therefore excludes products for graphic arts. In International Standards, metric units are prime. However, some older inch sizes are included to add historic context.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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This document identifies a set of features that describes digital still cameras (DSCs), and it specifies their definitions, measurement methods, and presentation methods. This document applies to DSCs designed and produced for and promoted to general consumers and need not be applied to those DSCs designed and produced to meet individual and special specifications agreed upon by particular business or industrial users and the manufacturer. The presentation methods specified in this document are intended for use as notations on camera bodies, on product packaging, on promotional materials for advertising and at the point of purchase, in electronic or printed catalogues and other materials, and in the relevant software.
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This document defines terms used in digital imaging.
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This document specifies viewing conditions for images on both reflective and transmissive media, such as prints (both photographic and photomechanical) and transparencies.
This document applies to
— critical evaluation of and comparison between transparencies, backlighted signs, reflection photographic or photomechanical prints and/or a reference object or image,
— appraisal of the tone reproduction and colourfulness of prints and transparencies at illumination levels similar to those for practical use, including routine inspection, and
— critical appraisal of transparencies which are viewed by projection, for comparison with prints, objects, or other reproductions.
This document is not applicable to soft-proofing displays, for paper manufacture, and other applications outside of graphic technology and photography.
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This document specifies a basic reference model for digital photography systems, including digital cameras. The reference model includes image file formats for storing image data and metadata, file system requirements for storing and retrieving the image files using internal or removable memory, and media profiles which are specific to a given storage technology. The reference model allows the image data and metadata to be interchanged among the various components of a digital photography system.
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This document specifies the measurement method used for calculating the temperature coefficient of the refractive index by measuring the refractive index, which changes with the temperature of the optical glass using the minimum deviation method. The intended temperature range for the specified measurement method is –40 °C to +80 °C. The intended wavelength range for the specified measurement method is 365 nm to 1 014 nm. The intended accuracy for the specified measurement method is 1 × 10-6 K-1.
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This document specifies viewing conditions for images on both reflective and transmissive media, such as prints (both photographic and photomechanical) and transparencies. This document applies to — critical evaluation of and comparison between transparencies, backlighted signs, reflection photographic or photomechanical prints and/or a reference object or image, — appraisal of the tone reproduction and colourfulness of prints and transparencies at illumination levels similar to those for practical use, including routine inspection, and — critical appraisal of transparencies which are viewed by projection, for comparison with prints, objects, or other reproductions. This document is not applicable to soft-proofing displays, for paper manufacture, and other applications outside of graphic technology and photography.
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This document defines a gain map used in HDR digital photography applications, for dynamic range conversion between two image representations. This includes the definition of the gain map metadata and its attributes, how to specify the gain map and associated metadata, and how to apply the gain map using this metadata.
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This document specifies the minimum information to be provided to the user by the manufacturers of microscopes with digital displays regarding imaging performance. It further specifies terms and definitions for describing the optical performance of the digital imaging path of microscopy systems including the observation of the image on digital displays. This standard does not apply to confocal microscopes. NOTE Terms and definitions for the direct visual observation with eyepieces are specified in ISO 8039 and ISO 10934.
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This document gives requirements for general and high purpose binoculars, monoculars and spotting scopes.
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This document specifies the rules for indicating centring and tilt tolerances for optical elements, subassemblies, and assemblies in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems. This document applies to plano surfaces, rotationally invariant (spherical and aspherical) surfaces, circular and non-circular cylindrical (cylindrical and acylindrical) surfaces, and non-symmetrical surfaces (general surfaces). General surfaces are described using ISO 10110-19.
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This document defines terms used in digital imaging.
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This NWI Will be a TS and will specify additional requirements for qualified or not qualified trust services implementing electronic archiving service with specific regard to :
• Functional requirements to use for receipt, storage, retrieval and deletion to ensure that the electronic data and electronic documents (electronically-born documents and paper documents that have been scanned and digitized) are preserved in such a way that they are accessible and durably safeguarded against loss and unauthorized alteration or disposal, except for authorized changes concerning their electronic format.
• Procedures and technologies ensuring the accuracy of the origin, the durability and legibility, integrity of the electronic data and electronic documents beyond the technological validity period and at least throughout the legal or contractual preservation period, while maintaining their integrity and their origin.
• Procedures and technologies to use to allow authorised relying parties to receive a report in an automated manner that confirms that an electronic data and electronic documents retrieved from a qualified electronic archive enjoys the presumption of integrity of the data and electronic documents from the beginning of the preservation period to the moment of retrieval.
• Procedures and technologies to prevent unauthorized access and improper use of the confidential and restricted data and electronic documents.
• Interactions between electronic archiving trust services and other trust services.
• Procedures and technologies to reach and obtain a green sustainability approach when possible.
- Technical specification36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the principle, apparatus, condition, sample, procedure and data processing of measuring striae in infrared optical materials. It is applicable for the determination of striae in infrared optical materials, such as infrared optical glass, which is opaque to visible wavelengths and whose transmission optical spectra are beyond 0,78 µm.
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This document specifies the test methods, test conditions, test target design, and analysis procedures for the evaluation of the image permanence performance of photographic reflection prints. Tests based on ISO 18936, ISO 18937 (all parts), ISO 18941, and ISO 18946 characterize the thermal stability, the light stability, the ozone stability, and the humidity stability of photographic prints, respectively. This document is applicable to any photographic reflection print produced through a digital step in the workflow. It includes prints created by chromogenic silver halide, inkjet, electrophotography, thermal diffusion, and other technologies. With reference to monochrome prints, this document is relevant to photographic prints where the print material contains colorants. This document is not relevant to monochrome silver halide prints, often known as black and white prints. The document specifies the content and procedure for graphical reporting of test results as a first level data collection for basic technical communication of image permanence performance of photographic prints. This document does not include application-specific end-points, environmental conditions during preservation and display of photographic prints, and test doses (durations, intensity).
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This NWI Will be a TS and will specify additional requirements for qualified or not qualified trust services implementing electronic archiving service with specific regard to :
• Functional requirements to use for receipt, storage, retrieval and deletion to ensure that the electronic data and electronic documents (electronically-born documents and paper documents that have been scanned and digitized) are preserved in such a way that they are accessible and durably safeguarded against loss and unauthorized alteration or disposal, except for authorized changes concerning their electronic format.
• Procedures and technologies ensuring the accuracy of the origin, the durability and legibility, integrity of the electronic data and electronic documents beyond the technological validity period and at least throughout the legal or contractual preservation period, while maintaining their integrity and their origin.
• Procedures and technologies to use to allow authorised relying parties to receive a report in an automated manner that confirms that an electronic data and electronic documents retrieved from a qualified electronic archive enjoys the presumption of integrity of the data and electronic documents from the beginning of the preservation period to the moment of retrieval.
• Procedures and technologies to prevent unauthorized access and improper use of the confidential and restricted data and electronic documents.
• Interactions between electronic archiving trust services and other trust services.
• Procedures and technologies to reach and obtain a green sustainability approach when possible.
- Technical specification36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 62899-302-6:2025 specifies the method for determining inkjet first drop behaviour based on either visualized droplet images or printed dots on standard substrate. The exact behaviour that is referenced in this document is as follows: jetting speed variation according to the drop numbers, including non-jetting and low jetting speed. This measurement standardization is limited to drop-on-demand type of inkjet including piezo and thermal types and is not applicable to continuous inkjet. This document includes the test equipment, printing procedures, and analysis of drop behaviour. This document is limited to printed electronics application and is not suitable for graphic or other applications.
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This document specifies terms and definitions to be used in the field of light microscopy and advanced techniques in light microscopy.
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This document defines functional and technical requirements for solutions addressing the classification, marking, handling and sharing of sensitive documents. It complements ISO 4669-1, which specifies requirements for information classification, marking and handling (ICMH). This document addresses solutions that control and distribute content in digital format, both inside and outside the organization owning the content. The distribution of content by means of physical media is beyond the scope of this document.
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This document specifies the default (implicit) tolerances for indication in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems.
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This document specifies the test method for evaluating possible chemical interactions between enclosures and photographic materials that are produced in a light sensitive silver halide and gelatin containing layer, processed using wet chemistry and where the final image retains metallic silver, herein referred to as silver-gelatin materials. Modified versions of the test method are applicable to chromogenic (dye coupler) and diazo photographic materials (see Annex A). This document is applicable to all general photographic enclosure materials used for storage, display, and transport, such as paper, tissue, cardboard, mat board and plastics. It is also applicable to components of photographic enclosure materials such as adhesives and marking substances, including inks, paints, labels, and tape. This document applies to all storage, display, and transport materials used for silver-gelatin photographs whether intended for short or long-term use (see Annex E). This document does not apply to non-silver-gelatin imaging systems. It does not pertain to harmful physical interactions such as blocking (sticking together), dye bleed, adhesive migration, or plasticizer exudation. It does not pertain to important criteria of enclosures such as their inherent chemical stability, physical integrity, and workmanship. Passing the photographic activity test (PAT) alone does not indicate that a material is archival. Quality requirements for photo-safe storage enclosures and their components are covered in ISO 18902, which includes passing the criteria of the PAT.
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This document defines the layout and colorimetric values of targets for use in the calibration of a photographic product/input scanner combination (as used in the preparatory process for printing and publishing). One target is defined for positive colour transparency film and another is defined for colour photographic paper.
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This document specifies methods for measuring the resolution and the spatial frequency response (SFR) of digital cameras. It is applicable to the measurement of both monochrome and colour cameras which output digital data.
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This document gives definitions of terms and requirements for endoscopes and endotherapy devices used in the practice of medicine.
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