37 - IMAGE TECHNOLOGY
ICS 37 Details
IMAGE TECHNOLOGY
ABBILDUNGSTECHNIK
TECHNOLOGIE DE L'IMAGE
SLIKOVNA TEHNOLOGIJA
General Information
This document defines terms used in electronic still picture imaging that have not been defined by other ISO/TC 42 standards, Technical Specifications or Technical Reports.
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This document establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions used in respect of the permanence of imaging materials, related storage materials and digital storage media.
In most cases these terms and definitions are generic and are applicable to the entire imaging industry. For terms and definitions specific to particular applications, refer to industry standards. However, in some cases the definition of a term is still evolving and/or is used by different user groups in different ways. In this case a definition fit for use in Imaging Materials – Permanence work is given and a note to this effect is included.
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This document specifies the width, length and thickness of metal lithographic printing plates (referred to hereafter as “plates”). For plates to be used in computer to plate (CtP) applications, flatness, edge straightness and burr requirements are also included. These requirements are applicable to unprocessed plates.
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This document specifies requirements for a security printing management system for security printers.
This document specifies a minimum set of security printing management system requirements. Organizations ensure that customer security requirements are met as appropriate, provided these do not conflict with the requirements of this document.
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This document specifies requirements that can be used for determining the conformance of systems that produce a hard-copy validation print, directly from digital data, which is intended to simulate the expected appearance of material printed in accordance with a characterized printing condition.
It is not intended for use in determining the conformance of production printing systems (digital or conventional) since many aspects of production printing are not covered in this document.
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This document establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions used in respect of the permanence of imaging materials, related storage materials and digital storage media. In most cases these terms and definitions are generic and are applicable to the entire imaging industry. For terms and definitions specific to particular applications, refer to industry standards. However, in some cases the definition of a term is still evolving and/or is used by different user groups in different ways. In this case a definition fit for use in Imaging Materials – Permanence work is given and a note to this effect is included.
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This document specifies Advanced Function Presentation (AFP) interchange as a container for document objects by defining the AFP file format Mixed Object Document Content Architecture (MO:DCA)[1]. It includes a means of identifying support for specifically including single and multi-page Portable Document Format (PDF) document objects as a container function set. It also includes a mechanism for pairing and managing resources associated with PDF. NOTE      For an example of how PDF external file references map into AFP secondary resources, see Annex A. The use of AFP is applicable to AFP and PDF workflows where the final production is managed within an Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS) environment.  [1] The Architecture references shown (MO:DCA as an example) are copyright of the AFP Consortium. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
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This document provides a standard method for measuring the relative refractive index to the air of infrared materials used in the infrared spectral range from 0,78 µm to 25 µm. This document excludes methods for measuring the refractive index of birefringent materials and methods for measuring the complex refractive index.
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This document applies to processless lithographic plates and specifies evaluation methods for lithographic plate characteristics, on-press development performance, usability and print image quality. It specifies measurement conditions for materials and equipment and provides guidelines for the selection of suitable processless lithographic plates by a printing organization and requirements for comparative assessment tests. The assessment of waterless lithographic plates is out of scope of this document.
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The test method in this document is intended to be used to characterize and compare the degradation of a set of print materials under exposure to particular light sources, eventually including optical filter combinations, under museum environmental conditions. The document covers typical types of indoor light sources commonly found in a museum including indoor daylight, LED, and incandescent light. This document is applicable to analogue and digital reflection photographic prints. NOTEÂ Â Â Â Â Examples of photographic prints covered by this document are prints made with digital printing technologies such as inkjet, electrophotography, and thermal dye transfer, as well as prints made on silver halide colour paper but not prints made on black and white silver halide paper.
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This document specifies test methods to determine the rub resistance of analogue and digital prints. This includes photographic as well as graphic and office prints on all substrates. ISOÂ 18947-1 provides information and general guidance relevant to the selection and operation of abrasion test methods and also describes general performance requirements for abrasion test devices used.
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This document (all parts) specifies methods to determine chemical emission rates of analytes from ICT & CE equipment during intended operation in an Emission Test Chamber (ETC). This document (all parts) includes specific methods for equipment using consumables, such as printers, and equipment not using consumables, such as monitors and PC’s. Part 1 specifies the methods to determine the emission rates of VOC and carbonyl compounds, ozone, particulate matter, fine particles (FP) and ultra-fine particles (UFP) from electronic equipment using consumables. The methods comprise preparation, sampling (or monitoring) in a controlled ETC, storage and analysis, calculation and reporting of emission rates. Part 1 has two different methods for the determination of emission rates of VOC and carbonyl compounds. The two methods use two different emission models, the quasi-equilibrium model (QEM) and the constant emission model (CEM) respectively, to determine the emission rates of VOC and carbonyl compounds during the pre-operating phase. The quasi-equilibrium model method has been developed with hard copy devices for office or home use in mind whose energy-saving modes automatically activate during most intervals between operations. The calculation of emission rates during the pre-operating phase is based on the quasi-equilibrium assumption as shown in Annex C. The emission rates determined with this method can be used to compare equipment in the same class since test procedures are specified more narrowly than the other method (CEM). The constant emission model (CEM) has been developed for hard copy devices whose energy-saving modes have such a negligible effect on the determination of emission rates of VOC and carbonyl compounds that the generalised constant emission model shown in Annex D can be used for the determination of their emission rates during the pre-operating phase. This method presents more flexible test procedures than the QEM. Due to such features of this method, it may be used for hard copy devices whose idling mode usually lasts throughout intervals between operations, such as large hard copy devices used professionally. It may also be used for various equipment having different functions and structure for its intended use and the determination of carbonyl compounds requiring longer sampling duration due to a lack of sensitivity. Annex A specifies monochrome and colour print patterns for use in the operating phase of EUT using consumables. The operational readiness of AMS is confirmed according to Annex B. Predictions of “real indoor” concentrations from the determined emission rates are outside the scope of this document.
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This document describes the procedures for evaluation of colour variation in the printing of photographic reflection colour prints. The following procedures are described to evaluate colour variation in printing within a consecutive print job, between several print jobs, or between multiple photographic images printed in different areas of a large sheet: a) test targets for small and large photographic prints; b) printing procedures and conditions; c) sampling in correspondence to the production scale; d) measurement of colour; e) calculation and analysis of colour variation and f) reporting. The procedures presented in this document are applicable for prints with a size of available picture area ranging from 35 cm2 (e.g. 5 cm × 7 cm) to 5 400 cm2 (e.g. 60 cm × 90 cm). This document is applicable to any of the photographic printing technologies, including inkjet, thermal dye transfer, electrophotography and silver halide (chromogenic) technologies.
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This document specifies the nominal sizes of photographic glass plates, together with cutting dimensions and their tolerances. It also specifies the nominal substrate thicknesses and their tolerances, as well as providing a cross-reference for sheet films being used in newly manufactured holders for 19th century glass plate cameras.
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This document specifies tests to determine the abrasion resistance of photographic images for typical use in indoor context that is characterized by mild abrasive conditions. Examples are flipping of pages in an album, careful manual handling of prints (stacking, shifting) or use of magnets for attachment to a board. Photographic images refer to individual prints or prints in albums, which can be produced by a wide range of printing technologies, including silver halide, electrophotography, inkjet, dye diffusion thermal transfer, commonly known as dye sublimation, and dye transfer processes. Photographic images require “photo-grade” media, including coated or surface treated print materials, which are prerequisite to obtain photographic quality with aforementioned printing technologies. Test procedures are limited to (quasi-) linear, reciprocal abrasion test devices. For other printing technologies (e.g. offset lithography and other photomechanical printing processes) or non-photo-grade media or other levels of rubbing representative of other application profiles, different test methods and/or device options may be considered (see ISO 18947‑1). Heavy duty abrasive conditions, such as floor tiles, floor graphics, abrasive cleaning and vehicle graphics, are out of scope of this document.
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This document specifies an extensible file format in conformity with W3C Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, for the exchange of print quality requirements data and metadata between print quality control applications including, but not limited to, print quality management systems. This document is not intended for automating the loading of print requirement goals into the quality control systems employed by print quality service providers.
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This document defines a data set of ink value combinations that can be used to characterize four-colour process printing. This data set is not optimized for any printing process or application area but is robust enough for all general applications. While it is primarily aimed at process colour printing with CMYK inks, it can also be used with any combination of three chromatic inks and a dark ink. This document is an alternative to the ISO 12642‑2 data set where more neutral scale data are desired. It is not designed as a replacement for ISO 12642-2.
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This document specifies minimum requirements on the optical effects and the mechanical, chemical and environmental properties of neutral beam splitter coatings. This document applies to neutral beam splitter coatings for optical applications. Thereby the user is able to rely on defined numerical data while the manufacturer of thin films has the choice for the materials and production method.
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This document establishes terms, symbols, notations and a framework for characterizing toner and ink cartridges used in printing devices that have a digital input printing path, including multi-function devices. This document is intended for equipment used in office environments. It primarily provides a foundation for measuring, evaluating, or specifying characteristics of such toner and ink cartridges. The terms, symbols, notations and framework established herein can be applied to such cartridges. The characterizations associated with the terms, symbols, notations, and framework established herein are specified throughout the ISO/IECÂ 29142 series.
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This document defines how the XMP data model can be serialized to JSON-LD.
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This document specifies requirements for a security printing management system for security printers. This document specifies a minimum set of security printing management system requirements. Organizations ensure that customer security requirements are met as appropriate, provided these do not conflict with the requirements of this document.
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Deals with the safety of electric projectors and similar appliances, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V, for household and similar purposes. Some examples of appliacnes that are within the scope of this standard are effects projectors, film-strip projectors, microscope projectors, motion-picture projectors, overhead projectors, photographic enlargers, still view and photo-reproduction appliances.
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Deals with the safety of electric projectors and similar appliances, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V, for household and similar purposes. Some examples of appliacnes that are within the scope of this standard are effects projectors, film-strip projectors, microscope projectors, motion-picture projectors, overhead projectors, photographic enlargers, still view and photo-reproduction appliances. This consolidated version consists of the third edition (2002) and its amendment 1 (2008). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.
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This document specifies requirements for systems that are used to produce offset prints for process colour reproduction on metallic substrates, which have been printed with a white coating. It is intended for flat printed sheet metal applications. It does not cover shaped or pre-formed metal such as pre-formed cans. Recommendations are provided with regard to appropriate test methods associated with these requirements. This document differs from the method used to produce an offset print on paper or board in ISOÂ 12647-2 in that it considers the colour values of a typical white coated metal substrate intended for metal decoration, using offset lithography and substrates that are independent of backing colour.
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This document describes a laboratory test method, using an IGT1-type or a prĂĽfbau2-type printability tester, for the preparation of specimens to evaluate the absorption rate of an ink on a substrate in offset lithography by setting-off the printed surface to an unprinted surface. This method describes testing with an amount of ink simulating either single colour or multi-colour printing. The print and the set-off print (counter print) are made with interval times, between print and set-off, common for the target process. This method evaluates a particular ink and substrate combination. Â 1These materials are available from IGT Testing Systems, www.igt.nl. This information is given for the convenience of the users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the products. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. 2These materials are available from prĂĽfbau, Dr.-Ing. H. DĂĽrner GmbH, www.pruefbau.de. This information is given for the convenience of the users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the products. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
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ISO TS 22292:2021 This document provides guidance for sample preparation, data acquisition by transmission electron microscopy, data processing, and three-dimensional image reconstruction to measure size and shape parameters of nano-objects on rod-shaped supports. The method is applicable to samples dispersed on or within an electron-transparent rod-shaped support.
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This document specifies the test methods for the determination of the transmittance of telescopic systems and telescopic observational instruments.
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This document specifies a method of measuring the visual opacity of printed specimens of white ink. It is applicable to printing opaque white ink on transparent and white or coloured opaque substrates.
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This document specifies the requirements for the exchange of data and information necessary for the definition of the aims for four-colour flexographic printing of packaging and publication materials, including newsprint. It is based on the use of colour characterization data to define the colourimetric printing aims and includes appropriate assignment of responsibility for and recommended tolerances on critical parameters of the flexographic printing process.
This document is directly applicable to:
— publication flexographic printing including magazines, catalogues and commercial materials and packaging flexographic printing including labels, boxes, and flexible packages;
— half-tone and continuous tone proofing processes that predict the colourimetric results of flexographic printing.
Guidance is also provided concerning the definition of spot colours used in flexographic printing.
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This document provides recommended guidelines for the evaluation of colour reproduction capability in the printing of packaging materials. It provides a basis for the development of colour certification schemes by individual brand owners and/or industry associations and for the evaluation of printed results against those schemes.
Because the package printing supply chain involves multiple partners, both the potential impact of each partner on the overall colour control and the individual responsibilities of each partner are identified in this document. The unique requirements of the individual reproduction processes and their impact on colour reproduction are also identified.
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This document defines procedures to measure and compare the colour gamuts of RGB and CMYK printing processes.
It is not applicable to other printing processes.
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This document specifies the minimum requirements necessary to maintain the authenticity, integrity and readability of documents managed by an electronic document management system. Clarifying the methods and procedures for appropriately handling electronic documents promotes the usability of the documents, in both a legal and business context. This document expresses a general business process as a document handling process. The document handling processes include receiving, processing and delivering the documents as follows: —   approving the receipt of a document in a manner that is appropriate for a work process; —   storing the formal document in the work process environment; —   delivery of the document to another organization. This document establishes the controls for execution of the work processes while maintaining the authenticity and integrity of the document received. This document establishes the policies for the storage of documents used as part of the work process. It also details the controls for performing the receipt and conversion process appropriately.
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This document describes a method for analysing imaging systems quality in the area of cultural heritage imaging. The method described analyses multiple imaging systems quality characteristics from a single image of a specified test target. The specification states which characteristics are measured, how they are measured, and how the results of the analysis need to be presented. This specification applies to scanners and digital cameras used for digitization of cultural heritage material. NOTEÂ Â Â Â Â Â This document addresses imaging of reflective originals, a future part two will address imaging of transparent originals.
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This document specifies an extensible file format in conformity with W3C Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, for the exchange of print quality data and metadata between quality control applications including but not limited to colour measurement, process control and quality management systems.
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This document describes procedures for the assessment and validation of the performance of an optical spectrometer intended for use in capturing the spectral reflectance factor or the spectral radiance factor of printed areas comprised of non-fluorescent or fluorescent materials, respectively. While it does not describe the application to transmitting materials directly, many of the procedures can be applied to transmitting systems by backing them with a reflective white backing material.
This document does not address spectral measurements appropriate to other specific application needs, such as those used during the production of materials (e.g. printing paper and proofing media), which are well described by ISO standards under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 6. It does not describe the special requirements for testing instruments that make in-process or online colour measurements.
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This document specifies the width, length and thickness of metal lithographic printing plates (referred to hereafter as “plates”). For plates to be used in computer to plate (CtP) applications, flatness, edge straightness and burr requirements are also included. These requirements are applicable to unprocessed plates.
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This document specifies requirements that can be used for determining the conformance of systems that produce a hard-copy validation print, directly from digital data, which is intended to simulate the expected appearance of material printed in accordance with a characterized printing condition. It is not intended for use in determining the conformance of production printing systems (digital or conventional) since many aspects of production printing are not covered in this document.
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This document applies to capsule endoscopes used for clinical practice. The document defines relevant terms and gives requirements for them.
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This document specifies filter functions of uncoated bulk absorption filters for optical applications excluding ophthalmic optics (spectacles) and gives a standard form for their specification. Additionally, basic definitions and a description of the specification concerning optical bulk absorption filters are given. This document specifies the optical properties of the filters and the test and measurement methods whenever necessary. This document does not specify any material properties (internal quality, homogeneity, etc.) and it does not apply to any production method. This document applies to both the raw material (filter glass, filter plastics, etc.) and the polished component. NOTE 1  Colorimetric parameters for the description of the filter function are specified in e.g. ISO 11664‑1 and ISO 11664‑2. NOTE 2  For filters where the spectral transmission characteristics are achieved by the application of optical coatings, see ISO 9211 series. NOTE 3  In the case of high power applications, further optical effects may occur.
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This document specifies a method for measuring productivity of digital copying devices and multifunctional devices with various copying modes and a single one-sided original. The document is applicable to digital copying devices and multifunctional devices. The document is intended to be used for black and white (B&W) as well as colour digital copying devices and multifunctional devices of any underlying marking technology. This document includes instructions for the creation of test charts, test setup procedure, test procedure, and the reporting requirements for the digital copying productivity measurements. This document is not intended to replace manufacturer's rated speeds.
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This document specifies a method for measuring the digital printing productivity of digital printing devices with various office applications and print job characteristics. This document is applicable to digital printing devices, including single-function and multi-function devices, regardless of print technology (e.g. inkjet, laser). Devices can be equipped with a range of paper feed and finishing options either directly connected to the computer system or via a network. It is intended to be used for black and white (B&W) as well as colour digital printing devices. It allows for the comparison of the productivity of machines operating in various available modes (simplex, duplex, size of substrates, etc.) and office applications when the test system environment, operating modes, and job mix for each machine are held identical. This document includes test files, test setup procedure, test runtime procedure, and the reporting requirements for the digital printing productivity measurements. This document is not intended to be used for devices which are not able to print on a media size of A4/8,5” × 11” or for devices which are not able to collate multiple copies of a print. This document is not intended to replace manufacturer's rated speeds.
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This document specifies a method for measuring the digital copying productivity of digital copying devices and multifunctional devices with various copying modes. It is applicable to digital copying devices and multifunctional devices equipped with automatic document feeder (ADF) and collating function. This document is intended to be used for black and white (B&W) as well as colour digital copying devices and multifunctional devices of any underlying marking technology. It allows comparison of the throughput copying rates for a machine operated in various available operating modes (simplex, duplex, size of substrates, 2-up, etc.) and various available digital image processing configurations. This document includes test files, test setup procedures, test procedures, and reporting requirements for digital copying productivity measurements. This document is not intended to be used for devices which are not able to copy on a media size of A4/8,5” × 11”, devices that do not have an ADF, or devices which are not able to collate multiple copies of original prints from a test set. This document is not intended to replace manufacturer's rated speeds.
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This document specifies test equipment and test procedures for determination of the following optical characteristics of telescopic sights: — axial parallax; — parallax; — eye relief range, eye relief, critical eye relief; — reticle tracking; — line of sight shift due to zooming; — line of sight shift due to focusing.
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This document describes methods to qualify the scanning electron microscope with the digital imaging system for quantitative and qualitative SEM measurements by evaluating essential scanning electron microscope performance parameters to maintain the performance after installation of the instruments. The items and evaluating methods of the performance parameters are selected by users for their own purposes.
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This document applies to telescopic sights used on hand-held firearms and airguns and gives terms and definitions for telescopic sights only. The alphabetical indexes of terms that are common for all published parts of ISO 14132 are published in ISO 14132-1. The definitions can be changed, if required, by introducing derivative attributes into them, revealing the meanings of the terms used, showing the objects covered by the scope of the notion being defined. These changes will not affect the scope and contents of this document.
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This document applies to general-purpose telescopic sights, used on hand-held firearms and airguns. It contains a classification to the usage of telescopic sights and specifies interfaces, minimum requirements and tolerances to their performances. High-performance telescopic sights are specified in ISO 14135-2.
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This document applies to high-performance telescopic sights, used on hand-held firearms and airguns. It contains a classification of the usage of telescopic sights and specifies interfaces, minimum requirements and tolerances to their performances. General-purpose telescopic sights are specified in ISO 14135-1.
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This document specifies the test method for the measurement of the axial colour performance which includes axial chromatic aberration and spherical aberration of telescopic systems and observational telescopic instruments.
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