37.040 - Photography
ICS 37.040 Details
Photography
Photographie
Photographie
Fotografija
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 37.040 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Photography". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 744 standards classified under ICS 37.040 (Photography). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
e-Library Subscription
Create subscription and get permanent access to documents within 37.040 - Photography
Currently subscription includes documents marked with .We are working on making all documents available within the subscription.
This document defines the measurement method of optical image stabilization performance for still images compensating for handheld blur consisting of three rotational components, yaw, pitch and roll. It applies to consumer digital cameras with optical image stabilization for still images. Apparatuses such as camcorders and mobile phones with still image shooting functionality are within the scope of this document.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the radiographic film digitisation process, such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve, which are applied in ISO 14096-2. These procedures can be integrated into the system software, and together with a standard reference film (see Annex B), used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitisation system with a basic spatial resolution down to 10 µm, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 × 430) mm2.
This document does not address signal processing and display of the digitised data.
- Draft22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies three film-digitisation quality classes for the requirements of non-destructive testing. The user specifies one of these quality classes for the respective film digitisation task. The digitisation parameters depend on the radiation energy, the material thickness penetrated and the quality level of the original radiographic film. This document does not address signal processing, display and storage of the digitised data.
For the application of this document, ISO 14096-1 provides definitions and measurement procedures.
- Draft9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies three film-digitisation quality classes for the requirements of non-destructive testing. The user specifies one of these quality classes for the respective film digitisation task. The digitisation parameters depend on the radiation energy, the material thickness penetrated and the quality level of the original radiographic film. This document does not address signal processing, display and storage of the digitised data. For the application of this document, ISO 14096-1 provides definitions and measurement procedures.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the radiographic film digitisation process, such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve, which are applied in ISO 14096-2. These procedures can be integrated into the system software, and together with a standard reference film (see Annex B), used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitisation system with a basic spatial resolution down to 10 µm, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 × 430) mm2. This document does not address signal processing and display of the digitised data.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard19 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies recommended storage conditions for unprocessed silver halide containing photographic materials. It is not applicable to processed films and prints. This document applies to black-and-white and colour photographic materials (e.g. negative films, positive films, reversal films, positive papers and X-ray films).
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines a set of colour image encodings for use in storage, transmission, and display of high dynamic range and wide colour gamut (HDR/WCG) digital still images. It defines the colour encodings, the mandatory and optional metadata, and the reference viewing conditions for HDR/WCG images.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the test method for light stability measurements of prints on transparent or translucent foils, transparent or translucent film, and paper or printed on a textile, which are displayed on backlit units installed in indoor or in shaded outdoor conditions, which are protected against direct precipitation and radiative heating. Installations of backlit display units in outdoor areas without shading, which are exposed to direct weathering and/or radiative heating, are excluded. This document is applicable to the various product classes of “commercial prints” that are suitable for backlit display. These commercial prints often contain combinations of text, pictorial images and/or artwork. This document provides guidelines for colour measurements, data analysis, and also provides guidance for translation of test results into suitable image permanence performance claims considering the variability of backlit designs and environmental conditions. This document is applicable to both analogue and digitally printed matter. Methods and principles apply to both colour and monochrome prints. NOTE The test method in this document does not address the specific requirements for testing museum backlit display, however, some of the elements in this test method (such as exposure in both directions) can also be considered in museum context with details defined by ISO/TS 18950.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the Digital Negative (DNG) image file format. A DNG file meets the requirements provided in this document.
- Standard100 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the nominal sizes and aim dimensions, with their cutting tolerances, of black-and-white and colour silver halide containing photographic papers in sheets for pictorial use.
It also specifies a method for checking the squareness of the sheets and straightness of their edges and establishes a rule for package marking.
The term "pictorial" means the use in the production of photographic prints and therefore excludes products for graphic arts.
In International Standards, metric units are prime. However, some older inch sizes are included to add historic context.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes test methods for measuring the light stability of photographic prints when subjected to LED illumination sources under conditions that simulate indoor display. This document is applicable to all types of colour and monochrome photographic reflection prints. This document does not include test procedures for determining the effects of light exposure on the physical stability of images, supports or binder materials. NOTE 1 It is recognized that in some instances, physical degradation such as support embrittlement, image layer cracking, or delamination of an image layer from its support, rather than the stability of the image itself, will determine the useful life of a print material. NOTE 2 General guidance and requirements are given in ISO 18937-1. NOTE 3 Tables 1 and 3 of LED lamp relative spectral irradiance were created using spectra from phosphor-converted blue LED lamps. Other types of LED lamps that meet the criteria of Tables 1 and 3 are also in the scope of this document.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the nominal sizes and aim dimensions, with their cutting tolerances, of black-and-white and colour silver halide containing photographic papers in sheets for pictorial use. It also specifies a method for checking the squareness of the sheets and straightness of their edges and establishes a rule for package marking. The term "pictorial" means the use in the production of photographic prints and therefore excludes products for graphic arts. In International Standards, metric units are prime. However, some older inch sizes are included to add historic context.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document identifies a set of features that describes digital still cameras (DSCs), and it specifies their definitions, measurement methods, and presentation methods. This document applies to DSCs designed and produced for and promoted to general consumers and need not be applied to those DSCs designed and produced to meet individual and special specifications agreed upon by particular business or industrial users and the manufacturer. The presentation methods specified in this document are intended for use as notations on camera bodies, on product packaging, on promotional materials for advertising and at the point of purchase, in electronic or printed catalogues and other materials, and in the relevant software.
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies viewing conditions for images on both reflective and transmissive media, such as prints (both photographic and photomechanical) and transparencies.
This document applies to
— critical evaluation of and comparison between transparencies, backlighted signs, reflection photographic or photomechanical prints and/or a reference object or image,
— appraisal of the tone reproduction and colourfulness of prints and transparencies at illumination levels similar to those for practical use, including routine inspection, and
— critical appraisal of transparencies which are viewed by projection, for comparison with prints, objects, or other reproductions.
This document is not applicable to soft-proofing displays, for paper manufacture, and other applications outside of graphic technology and photography.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms used in digital imaging.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a basic reference model for digital photography systems, including digital cameras. The reference model includes image file formats for storing image data and metadata, file system requirements for storing and retrieving the image files using internal or removable memory, and media profiles which are specific to a given storage technology. The reference model allows the image data and metadata to be interchanged among the various components of a digital photography system.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies viewing conditions for images on both reflective and transmissive media, such as prints (both photographic and photomechanical) and transparencies. This document applies to — critical evaluation of and comparison between transparencies, backlighted signs, reflection photographic or photomechanical prints and/or a reference object or image, — appraisal of the tone reproduction and colourfulness of prints and transparencies at illumination levels similar to those for practical use, including routine inspection, and — critical appraisal of transparencies which are viewed by projection, for comparison with prints, objects, or other reproductions. This document is not applicable to soft-proofing displays, for paper manufacture, and other applications outside of graphic technology and photography.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines a gain map used in HDR digital photography applications, for dynamic range conversion between two image representations. This includes the definition of the gain map metadata and its attributes, how to specify the gain map and associated metadata, and how to apply the gain map using this metadata.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms used in digital imaging.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the test methods, test conditions, test target design, and analysis procedures for the evaluation of the image permanence performance of photographic reflection prints. Tests based on ISO 18936, ISO 18937 (all parts), ISO 18941, and ISO 18946 characterize the thermal stability, the light stability, the ozone stability, and the humidity stability of photographic prints, respectively. This document is applicable to any photographic reflection print produced through a digital step in the workflow. It includes prints created by chromogenic silver halide, inkjet, electrophotography, thermal diffusion, and other technologies. With reference to monochrome prints, this document is relevant to photographic prints where the print material contains colorants. This document is not relevant to monochrome silver halide prints, often known as black and white prints. The document specifies the content and procedure for graphical reporting of test results as a first level data collection for basic technical communication of image permanence performance of photographic prints. This document does not include application-specific end-points, environmental conditions during preservation and display of photographic prints, and test doses (durations, intensity).
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the test method for evaluating possible chemical interactions between enclosures and photographic materials that are produced in a light sensitive silver halide and gelatin containing layer, processed using wet chemistry and where the final image retains metallic silver, herein referred to as silver-gelatin materials. Modified versions of the test method are applicable to chromogenic (dye coupler) and diazo photographic materials (see Annex A). This document is applicable to all general photographic enclosure materials used for storage, display, and transport, such as paper, tissue, cardboard, mat board and plastics. It is also applicable to components of photographic enclosure materials such as adhesives and marking substances, including inks, paints, labels, and tape. This document applies to all storage, display, and transport materials used for silver-gelatin photographs whether intended for short or long-term use (see Annex E). This document does not apply to non-silver-gelatin imaging systems. It does not pertain to harmful physical interactions such as blocking (sticking together), dye bleed, adhesive migration, or plasticizer exudation. It does not pertain to important criteria of enclosures such as their inherent chemical stability, physical integrity, and workmanship. Passing the photographic activity test (PAT) alone does not indicate that a material is archival. Quality requirements for photo-safe storage enclosures and their components are covered in ISO 18902, which includes passing the criteria of the PAT.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for measuring the resolution and the spatial frequency response (SFR) of digital cameras. It is applicable to the measurement of both monochrome and colour cameras which output digital data.
- Standard81 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard73 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test methods to assess the permanence and durability of photo books, including cover and pages. This document is applicable to photo books which contain reflection colour prints made with colour hardcopy materials of all types, including those from either traditional analogue printing or modern digital printing processes. The same performance test methods apply, regardless of the printing process. Because of the large number of combinations of sizes, cover materials, binding options and printing processes, testing of all possible combinations is not within the scope of this document. Instead, a representative selection of printed pages, cover materials and binding options that are used in the makeup of the photo book are tested.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for measuring the resolution and the spatial frequency response (SFR) of digital cameras. It is applicable to the measurement of both monochrome and colour cameras which output digital data.
- Standard81 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard73 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the measurement methods and specification of image quality of lenticular prints that are used for changing images. This document does not cover lenticular prints that are used for 3D images. NOTE Lenticular prints for 3D images can be measured with the same types of procedures. However, it needs more information, such as the dependence of the measurement distance, to evaluate the 3D performance. This document specifically describes measurement methods for crosstalk, viewing angle range, angular misalignment from the designed viewing angle and the uniformity of the image within the printing area of the lenticular print images. These are critical for the image quality of lenticular prints for changing images. This document is applicable to lenticular prints produced by printing technologies that include impact and non-impact printing. Examples of the former are off-set, gravure and flexography, while the examples of the latter are silver halide, inkjet, dye diffusion thermal transfer and electrophotography. The multiple laser images (MLI) and changeable laser images (CLI) process of using a laser to write through a lenticular screen at different angles to create two monochrome images is also used.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document is focused on measuring the autofocus (AF) repeatability of sharpness and latency, meaning camera system’s capability to produce sharp images within certain time frame. The scope of document is limited to testing autofocus sharpness and latency repeatability with stationary charts only as testing with moving charts is not covered.
- Technical specification21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines an extended colour-gamut output-referred RGB colour image encoding designated as European Colour Initiative RGB [eciRGB (2008)]. Digital images encoded using eciRGB (2008) can be manipulated, stored, transmitted, displayed, or printed by digital still picture imaging systems. Two precision levels are defined, using 8 bits/channel and 16 bits/channel.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes test methods for evaluating reflection colour photographic prints with regard to changes in image appearance resulting from exposure to high relative humidity. NOTE Testing under low humidity conditions is described in ISO 18949. The observed changes relate to colour, tone and loss of sharpness caused by horizontal and vertical diffusion of colorants from exposure to elevated humidity levels. Other humidity-related factors, such as mould and mildew growth, and physical damage, such as curl, cockle, cracking or delamination due to humidity cycling, are outside the scope of this test method. Although the method and procedures described in this document can be used to test any colour hardcopy technology, it is particularly appropriate to systems where the colorants are applied by a mechanism involving the diffusion of colorant into image-receiving layers (for example inkjet or dye diffusion processes) or applied onto uncoated fibrous materials such as paper.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides a practice for RIQR evaluations of film and non-film imaging systems when exposed through an absorber material. Three alternate data evaluation methods are provided in Section 9. Determining RIQR requires the comparison of at least two radiographs or radiographic processes whereby the relative degree of image quality difference may be determined using the EPS plaque arrangement of Fig. 1 as a relative image quality indicator (RIQI). In conjunction with the RIQI, a specified radiographic technique or method must be established and carefully controlled for each radiographic process. This practice is designed to allow the determination of subtle changes in EPS that may arise to radiographic imaging system performance levels resultant from process improvements/changes or change of equipment attributes. This practice does not address relative unsharpness of a radiographic imaging system as provided in Practice E2002. The common element with any relative comparison is the use of the same RIQI arrangement for both processes under evaluation.
4.2 In addition to the standard evaluation method described in Section 9, there may be other techniques/methods in which the basic RIQR arrangement of Fig. 1 might be utilized to perform specialized assessments of relative image quality performance. For example, other radiographic variables can be altered to facilitate evaluations provided these differences are known and documented for both processes. Where multiple radiographic process variables are evaluated, it is incumbent upon the user of this practice to control those normal process attributes to the degree suitable for the application. Specialized RIQR techniques may also be useful with micro focus X-ray, isotope sources of radiation or with the use of non-film radiographic imaging systems. RIQR may also be useful in evaluating imaging systems with alternate materials (RIQI and base plate) such as plastic, copper-nickel, or aluminum. When using any ...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers a practice whereby industrial radiographic imaging systems or techniques may be comparatively assessed using the concept of relative image quality response (RIQR). Changes within a radiographic technique such as film/detector types, distances, or filtering/collimation can be comparatively assessed using this standard. The RIQR method presented within this practice is based upon the use of equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) described within Practice E1025 and subsection 5.4 of this practice. Fig. 1 illustrates a relative image quality indicator (RIQI) that has four different plaque thicknesses (0.38 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.20 mm, and 0.13 mm (0.015 in., 0.010 in., 0.008 in., and 0.005 in.)) sequentially positioned (from top to bottom) on an absorber plate of a specified material and thickness. The four plaques contain a total of 14 different arrays of penetrameter-type hole sizes designed to render varied conditions of threshold visibility when exposed to the appropriate radiation. Each “EPS” array consists of 30 identical holes; thus, providing the user with a quantity of threshold sensitivity levels suitable for relative image qualitative response comparisons. There are two standard materials (steel and plastic) specified herein for the RIQI and absorber. For special applications the user may design a non-standard RIQI-absorber configuration; however the RIQI configuration shall be controlled by a drawing similar to Fig. 1. Use of a non-standard RIQI-absorber configuration shall be described in the user’s written technique and approved by the CEO.
1.2 This practice is not intended to qualify the performance of a specific radiographic technique nor for assurance that a radiographic technique will detect specific discontinuities in a specimen undergoing radiographic examination.
1.3 This practice is not intended to be used to classify or derive performance classification categories for radiog...
- Standard8 pagesEnglish language
- Standard8 pagesEnglish language
This document defines an extended colour-gamut output-referred RGB colour image encoding designated as European Colour Initiative RGB [eciRGB (2008)]. Digital images encoded using eciRGB (2008) can be manipulated, stored, transmitted, displayed, or printed by digital still picture imaging systems. Two precision levels are defined, using 8 bits/channel and 16 bits/channel.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes test methods for determining the long-term dark storage stability of colour photographic images and the colour stability of such images when subjected to certain illuminants at specified temperatures and relative humidities.
This document is applicable to colour photographic images made with traditional, continuous-tone photographic materials with images formed with dyes. These images are generated with chromogenic, silver dye-bleach, dye transfer, and dye-diffusion-transfer instant systems. The tests have not been verified for evaluating the stability of colour images produced with dry- and liquid-toner electrophotography, thermal dye transfer (sometimes called dye sublimation), ink jet, pigment-gelatin systems, offset lithography, gravure and related colour imaging systems. If these reflection print materials, including silver halide (chromogenic), are digitally printed, refer to ISO 18936, ISO 18941, ISO 18946, and ISO 18949 for dark stability tests, and the ISO 18937 series for light stability tests.
This document does not include test procedures for the physical stability of images, supports or binder materials. However, it is recognized that in some instances, physical degradation such as support embrittlement, emulsion cracking or delamination of an image layer from its support, rather than image stability, will determine the useful life of a colour film or print material.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for measuring and reporting the noise versus signal level and dynamic range of digital still cameras. It applies to both monochrome and colour electronic digital still cameras.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides information and general guidance about the methods for measuring the indoor light stability of reflection prints, both colour and monochrome, transparent or translucent films, and photographic prints for backlit displays. This document is relevant to the selection and operation of the methods of exposure to radiation and environmental stress factors described in detail in subsequent parts. It also describes general performance requirements for devices used for exposing printed material to laboratory light sources. Information regarding performance requirements is for producers of artificial accelerated lightfastness devices. NOTE In this document, the term “light source” refers to radiation sources that emit UV radiation, visible radiation, infrared radiation, or any combination of these types of radiation. This document does not include test procedures for determining the effects of light exposure on the physical stability of images, supports, or binder materials. However, it is recognized that in some instances, physical degradation such as support embrittlement, image layer cracking, or delamination of an image layer from its support, rather than the stability of the image itself, determines the useful life of a print material. Print image stability results determined for one printer model, software settings, colorant, and media combination may not be applicable to another combination.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes test equipment and procedures for measuring the light stability of photographic prints when subjected to a filtered xenon-arc light source at specified levels of illuminance (irradiance), temperature and relative humidity. It is applicable to both colour and monochrome reflection prints, transparent films, or translucent films. It is also applicable to photographic prints in general, photobooks, or prints for backlit displays. General indoor display conditions described herein are intended to simulate common use conditions found in houses, apartments and other dwelling places where indirect lighting due to filtering (through window glass) and shading is often the principal illumination causing displayed photographs to fade. Simulated in-window display conditions are intended to simulate terrestrial daylight transmitted through standard architectural window glass (double glazing). A typical example of such display can be found when images are displayed in store windows, facing toward the outdoors, so that they can be viewed by people outside of the store[5][6]. NOTE It is recognized that in some instances, physical degradation such as support embrittlement, image layer cracking, or delamination of an image layer from its support, rather than the stability of the image itself, will determine the useful life of a print material. General guidance is given in ISO 18937-1.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes the characterization of glossiness of photographic reflection prints, which consists of specular gloss measurement and image clarity measurement. This document is applicable to any photographic printing technology such as inkjet, thermal dye transfer, electrophotography and silver halide technologies. NOTE The level of preferred glossiness depends on the application.
- Technical specification11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for measuring and reporting the noise versus signal level and dynamic range of digital still cameras. It applies to both monochrome and colour electronic digital still cameras.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a family of scene-referred extended colour gamut RGB colour image encodings designated as reference input medium metric RGB (RIMM RGB). Digital images encoded using RIMM RGB can be manipulated, stored, transmitted, displayed or printed by digital still picture imaging systems. Three precision levels are defined using 8-, 12- and 16-bits/channel.
An extended luminance dynamic range version of RIMM RGB is also defined, designated as extended reference input medium metric RGB (ERIMM RGB). Two precision levels of ERIMM RGB are defined using 12- and 16-bits/channel.
FP-RIMM RGB, a floating point version of RIMM RGB, defines the expression method of RIMM RGB in a floating point figure. Three precision levels of FP-RIMM RGB are defined using 16-, 32- and 64-bits/channel.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This International Standard applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of both FIXED and MOBILE X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, hereafter referred to as INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT. Its scope excludes, in particular:
- equipment for RADIOTHERAPY;
- equipment for COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY;
- ACCESSORIES intended to be introduced into the PATIENT;
- mammographic X-RAY EQUIPMENT;
- dental X-RAY EQUIPMENT.
NOTE 1 Examples of RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, for which the use of INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT complying with this standard is recommended, are given in Annex AA.
NOTE 2 Specific requirements for magnetic navigation devices, and for the use of INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT in an operating room environment were not considered in this particular standard; therefore no specific requirements have been developed for these devices or uses. In any case, such devices or uses remain under the general clause requirements.
NOTE 3 INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT, when used for cone-beam CT mode, is covered by this standard and not by IEC 60601-2-44 [2]2. No additional requirements for operation in cone-beam CT mode were identified for this standard (see also Note 4 in 203.6.4.5).
INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, which does not include a PATIENT SUPPORT as part of the system, is exempt from the PATIENT SUPPORT provisions of this standard.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant.
NOTE 4 See also 4.2 of the general standard.
The subclauses of this standard supersede IEC 60601-2-54 subclauses. IEC 60601-2-54 applies only with regards to the cited subclauses; non-cited subclauses of IEC 60601-2-54 do not apply.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This International Standard applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of both FIXED and MOBILE X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, hereafter referred to as INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT. Its scope excludes, in particular: - equipment for RADIOTHERAPY; - equipment for COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; - ACCESSORIES intended to be introduced into the PATIENT; - mammographic X-RAY EQUIPMENT; - dental X-RAY EQUIPMENT. NOTE 1 Examples of RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, for which the use of INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT complying with this standard is recommended, are given in Annex AA. NOTE 2 Specific requirements for magnetic navigation devices, and for the use of INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT in an operating room environment were not considered in this particular standard; therefore no specific requirements have been developed for these devices or uses. In any case, such devices or uses remain under the general clause requirements. NOTE 3 INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT, when used for cone-beam CT mode, is covered by this standard and not by IEC 60601-2-44 [2]2. No additional requirements for operation in cone-beam CT mode were identified for this standard (see also Note 4 in 203.6.4.5). INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, which does not include a PATIENT SUPPORT as part of the system, is exempt from the PATIENT SUPPORT provisions of this standard. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant. NOTE 4 See also 4.2 of the general standard. The subclauses of this standard supersede IEC 60601-2-54 subclauses. IEC 60601-2-54 applies only with regards to the cited subclauses; non-cited subclauses of IEC 60601-2-54 do not apply.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The protocols that exist for photographing a decedent’s face at autopsy for identification purposes (for example, NAME Forensic Autopsy Performance Standards) do not always result in the capture of facial images that can be used for automated FR searches or manual facial comparisons. It is not always feasible to collect fingerprints from decedents (for example, in disaster situations or when a decedent is in a state of advanced decomposition), and radiograph (medical or dental) comparison requires at least a presumptive identification of remains so appropriate comparative antemortem radiographs can be obtained to confirm the identification. If the decedent’s DNA or appropriate family reference DNA profiles are not already stored within a DNA repository (for example, the FBI’s CODIS), a DNA association will also require the presumptive identification of a decedent to ensure that appropriate samples are collected for comparison/association.
5.2 It is advisable to follow the guidelines presented in this guide even when not all facial components are present as even incomplete facial images can assist automated FR and manual facial comparison processes, especially through more accurate recording of minute facial details.
5.3 For the purpose of facial image capture, there are various perimortem or postmortem conditions or both that can degrade the usability of any facial images captured:
5.3.1 Presence of trauma (for example, entry/exit wounds, lacerations, bruising, missing components, etc.),
5.3.2 Obscuring matter (for example, blood, fluids, dirt, debris, hair, clothing accessories, and so forth), and
5.3.3 Decomposition and other postmortem changes (for example, bloating, mummification, skeletonization, evidence of insect or scavenger activity, etc.).
5.4 Before any attempt is made to clean or alter the decedent for facial image capture, nationally accepted standards or agency protocols or both should be followed so the alterations do not affect ...
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for capturing postmortem facial images of human remains in controlled (for example, morgue) and semi-controlled (for example, field) settings to facilitate automated facial recognition (FR) searches or manual facial comparisons that could contribute to forensic investigations.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide7 pagesEnglish language
This document specifies a family of scene-referred extended colour gamut RGB colour image encodings designated as reference input medium metric RGB (RIMM RGB). Digital images encoded using RIMM RGB can be manipulated, stored, transmitted, displayed or printed by digital still picture imaging systems. Three precision levels are defined using 8-, 12- and 16-bits/channel. An extended luminance dynamic range version of RIMM RGB is also defined, designated as extended reference input medium metric RGB (ERIMM RGB). Two precision levels of ERIMM RGB are defined using 12- and 16-bits/channel. FP-RIMM RGB, a floating point version of RIMM RGB, defines the expression method of RIMM RGB in a floating point figure. Three precision levels of FP-RIMM RGB are defined using 16-, 32- and 64-bits/channel.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 60601-2-43:2022 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of both FIXED and MOBILE X RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, hereafter referred to as INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT. Its scope excludes, in particular:
- equipment for RADIOTHERAPY;
- equipment for COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY;
- ACCESSORIES intended to be introduced into the PATIENT;
- mammographic X RAY EQUIPMENT;
- dental X RAY EQUIPMENT.
INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, which does not include a PATIENT SUPPORT as part of the system, is exempt from the PATIENT SUPPORT provisions of this document.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant.
IEC 60601-2-54 applies only with regards to the cited subclauses; non-cited subclauses of IEC 60601-2-54 do not apply.
IEC 60601-2-43:2022 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010, Amendment 1:2017 and Amendment 2:2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes editorial and technical changes to reflect the IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020 and IEC 60601-2-54:2022. It also contains corrections and technical improvements. Significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
a) a new specific term DOSIMETER is introduced to replace the general term DOSEMETER as in IEC 60601-2-54:2022;
b) several terms and definitions that are moved from IEC TR 60788:2004 to 201.3 of IEC 60601-2-54:2022 are also referenced from IEC 60601-2-54:2022.
c) the collateral standards IEC 60601-1-11:2015, IEC 60601-1-11:2015/AMD1:2020, IEC 60601-1-12:2014 and IEC 60601-1-12:2014/AMD1:2020 are applicable if MANUFACTURER so declares;
d) the former subclause 201.11.101 “Protection against excessive temperature of X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES” is removed since covered by IEC 60601-1:2005, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020 and IEC 60601-2-28:2017, and the former subclause 201.11.102 is renumbered as 201.11.101, as in IEC 60601-2-54:2022;
e) to adopt changes in subclause 7.8.1 “Colours of indicator lights” in IEC 60601 1:2005/AMD2:2020, clarification of requirements is provided in 201.7.8.1 to avoid conflicts with requirements of indicator lights stipulated for X-RAY EQUIPMENT, as in IEC 60601-2-54:2022;
f) explanation of the term ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE is provided in Annex AA to emphasize the performance of the clinical function under NORMAL CONDITIONS and SINGLE FAULT CONDITIONS.
- Standard192 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard126 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The only truly valid image quality indicator is a material or component, equivalent to the part being neutron radiographed, with a known standard discontinuity, inclusion, omission, or flaw (reference standard comparison part). The SI is designed to substitute for the reference standard, providing qualitative information on hole and gap sensitivity in a single unit. Fabrication in accordance with this practice is vital for accurate and consistent measurements.
5.2 This practice shall be followed for the fabrication of all SIs to be used with Test Method E545 to determine image quality in direct thermal neutron radiography. Devices constructed to previous versions of this practice, or Test Method E545 for devices built between 1981 and 1991, can also be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the fabrication of Sensitivity Indicators (SI), which can be used to determine the relative quality of film radiographic images produced by direct, thermal neutron radiographic examination.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish language
- Standard8 pagesEnglish language
This document describes a programmable light emission system to produce various spectral radiance distributions, intended for DSC colour characterization applications.
- Technical specification13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test method, test target, and reporting requirements to determine the scratch resistance of prints with photographic images. Photographic images can be produced by a wide range of printing technologies, including silver halide, electrophotography, inkjet, dye diffusion thermal transfer, commonly known as dye sublimation, and dye transfer processes. This document is applicable to prints with paper substrate and other type of substrates including prints on plastic, glass, metal and other materials. This document is applicable to photographic prints that have no protection as well as photographic prints that are protected by a coating or lamination. It is not the purpose of this document to define limits of acceptability or failure. They would be determined by the user and the intended application.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a uniform basis for determining the exposure times for all types of shutters used in still cameras and contains suitable definitions of the terms used.
It specifies the exposure-time markings for all types of shutters and their tolerances.
The characteristics of all types of mechanical shutters, which are mounted in still cameras and affect the control of exposure, motion-stopping ability and synchronization with a photoflash light source are also defined.
The tolerances specified are the target values for the shutter performance that can be expected to give good results. They are not intended for application as a general inspection standard in controlling the performance of mechanical shutters, since tolerances may vary with the feature and price class of camera tested.
Test methods are described for routine manufacturing testing and quality control. These test methods require access to the focal plane of the camera and can therefore not be applied to assembled digital still cameras.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a list of terms defined in other ISO/TC 42 International Standards, Technical Specifications and Technical Reports relevant to electronic still picture imaging. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the definition sources listed.
- Technical report15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions used in respect of the permanence of imaging materials, related storage materials and digital storage media.
In most cases these terms and definitions are generic and are applicable to the entire imaging industry. For terms and definitions specific to particular applications, refer to industry standards. However, in some cases the definition of a term is still evolving and/or is used by different user groups in different ways. In this case a definition fit for use in Imaging Materials – Permanence work is given and a note to this effect is included.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes test methods for determining the long-term dark storage stability of colour photographic images and the colour stability of such images when subjected to certain illuminants at specified temperatures and relative humidities. This document is applicable to colour photographic images made with traditional, continuous-tone photographic materials with images formed with dyes. These images are generated with chromogenic, silver dye-bleach, dye transfer, and dye-diffusion-transfer instant systems. The tests have not been verified for evaluating the stability of colour images produced with dry- and liquid-toner electrophotography, thermal dye transfer (sometimes called dye sublimation), ink jet, pigment-gelatin systems, offset lithography, gravure and related colour imaging systems. If these reflection print materials, including silver halide (chromogenic), are digitally printed, refer to ISO 18936, ISO 18941, ISO 18946, and ISO 18949 for dark stability tests, and the ISO 18937 series for light stability tests. This document does not include test procedures for the physical stability of images, supports or binder materials. However, it is recognized that in some instances, physical degradation such as support embrittlement, emulsion cracking or delamination of an image layer from its support, rather than image stability, will determine the useful life of a colour film or print material.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off