71.040 - Analytical chemistry
ICS 71.040 Details
Analytical chemistry
Analytische Chemie
Chimie analytique
Analitska kemija
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This document specifies the methods for the chemical analysis of cement.
This document describes the reference methods and, in certain cases, an alternative method which can be considered to be equivalent. In the case of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.
An alternative performance-based method using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is described for SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, Mn2O3, SrO, Cl and Br. This method is based on beads of fused sample and analytical validation using certified reference materials, together with performance criteria. A method based on pressed pellets of un-fused sample can be considered as equivalent, providing that the analytical performance satisfies the same criteria.
An alternative performance-based method using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is described for SO3.
When correctly calibrated according to the specified procedures and reference materials, XRF and ICP-OES provides methods equivalent to the reference methods but has not been validated for use yet as a reference procedure for conformity and dispute purposes. They can be applied to other relevant elements when adequate calibrations have been established.
Any other methods can be used provided they are calibrated, either against the reference methods or against internationally accepted reference materials, in order to demonstrate their equivalence.
This document describes methods which apply principally to cements, but which can also be applied to their constituent materials. They can also be applied to other materials, the standards for which call up these methods. Standard specifications state which methods are to be used.
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This document specifies methods for:
— determining the composition of a calibration gas mixture by comparison with appropriate reference gas mixtures;
— calculating the uncertainty of the composition of a calibration gas mixture in relation to the known uncertainty of the composition of the reference gas mixtures with which it was compared;
— checking the composition attributed to a calibration gas mixture by comparison with appropriate reference gas mixtures;
— consistency testing and outlier search in suites of calibration gas mixtures of closely related composition.
NOTE 1 In principle, the method described in this document is also applicable to the analysis of (largely) unknown samples instead of prospective calibration gas mixtures (i.e. gas mixtures which are intended for use as calibration gas mixtures). Such applications, however, need appropriate care and consideration of additional uncertainty components, for example, concerning the effect of matrix differences between the reference gases used for calibration and the analysed sample.
NOTE 2 Comparison methods based on one- and two-point calibration are described in ISO 12963.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method using gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS) for detection and quantification of extractable N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) in filaments and coatings of textile products.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance on sample preparation, and on qualitative and quantitative determination of elements in particulate matter collected on filtering membranes (PM filter) by energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) in different geometrical configurations. This document does not apply to PM filter sampling. This document only applies to the analysis of X-ray emission from filters that are probed using an X-ray beam as the exciting source. X-ray emissions generated by electron microscope are excluded[1]. This document is applicable under a range of contexts including, but not limited to, those highlighted in the introduction. The described method is generally applicable for the determination of elements with atomic number higher than 11 (Na) and having a deposited mass on the filter greater than 10 ng. The elements that can be identified and the detection limits depend on the specific instrumental configuration employed. Various types of filtering membranes (filter) materials can be used, such as glass fibre, quartz fibre, cellulose, nylon, polycarbonate (PC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The entire filter, or portions of various sizes thereof, can be submitted for analysis. NOTE Reference free analysis, based on fundamental parameters is excluded, as the nature of the PM filter samples means that the parameters are not sufficiently well defined.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document is applicable to biology, chemistry and physics laboratories where research, preparative, analytical, process activities take place and which can involve work with hazardous substances, including higher education (college and university teaching and post-graduate research).
This document does not cover the requirements of schools, i.e. precollege/pre-university (refer to EN 13150), or highly specialist laboratories which need very specific, bespoke solutions to enable them to function.
This document specifies requirements for installation and design of laboratory benches, associated storage units, and for the provision and connection of services integral or delivered to the laboratory benches. This document gives guidelines for all parties involved in the planning, design, manufacture, installation, testing of a new laboratory or in the refurbishment of an existing laboratory.
For safety storage cabinets for flammable liquids EN 14470-1 and for pressurized gas cylinders EN 14470-2 applies.
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This document is applicable to recirculatory filtration fume cabinets (RFFC).
Recirculatory filtration fume cabinets are devices intended to protect their users by means of:
— the ability to contain hazardous concentrations or quantities of airborne contaminants;
— the ability to remove hazardous concentrations or quantities of airborne contaminants from air exhausted from inside the fume cabinet by means of filtration before the air is recirculated to the room in which the fume cabinet is located.
This document specifies design and manufacturing requirements together with type and on-site testing procedures.
This document does not specify requirements for the use of a mixture of chemicals but provides guidance on how to proceed.
NOTE For special applications and usage such as Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic Substances (CMR) substances, local regulation can apply. These local regulations can result on restriction of usage.
This document is not intended to address fume cupboards, or devices used as animal accommodation. For fume cupboards, the EN 14175 series applies. For microbiological safety cabinets, EN 12469 applies.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The document provides the physical principles and specifies instrumental requirements for total reflection X‑ray fluorescence analysis (TXRF) spectrometers. This document specifies general procedures for calibration, method development and verification of TXRF measurements and quality control. The document describes measurements with TXRF conditions having a fixed glancing angle below the critical angle of total reflection and considerably enhanced excitation radiation intensity. Although certain definitions of grazing incidence geometry are shown for clarification, this document is not applicable to measurement setups working under such conditions.
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This document is applicable to recirculatory filtration fume cabinets (RFFC).
Recirculatory filtration fume cabinets are devices intended to protect their users by means of:
— the ability to contain hazardous concentrations or quantities of airborne contaminants;
— the ability to remove hazardous concentrations or quantities of airborne contaminants from air exhausted from inside the fume cabinet by means of filtration before the air is recirculated to the room in which the fume cabinet is located.
This document specifies design and manufacturing requirements together with type and on-site testing procedures.
This document does not specify requirements for the use of a mixture of chemicals but provides guidance on how to proceed.
NOTE For special applications and usage such as Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic Substances (CMR) substances, local regulation can apply. These local regulations can result on restriction of usage.
This document is not intended to address fume cupboards, or devices used as animal accommodation. For fume cupboards, the EN 14175 series applies. For microbiological safety cabinets, EN 12469 applies.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to biology, chemistry and physics laboratories where research, preparative, analytical, process activities take place and which can involve work with hazardous substances, including higher education (college and university teaching and post-graduate research).
This document does not cover the requirements of schools, i.e. precollege/pre-university (refer to EN 13150), or highly specialist laboratories which need very specific, bespoke solutions to enable them to function.
This document specifies requirements for installation and design of laboratory benches, associated storage units, and for the provision and connection of services integral or delivered to the laboratory benches. This document gives guidelines for all parties involved in the planning, design, manufacture, installation, testing of a new laboratory or in the refurbishment of an existing laboratory.
For safety storage cabinets for flammable liquids EN 14470-1 and for pressurized gas cylinders EN 14470-2 applies.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to optimize the mass calibration accuracy in time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instruments used for general analytical purposes. This document is only applicable to time-of-flight instruments but is not restricted to any particular instrument design. This document gives guidance for some of the instrumental parameters that can be optimized using this procedure and the types of generic peaks suitable to calibrate the mass scale for optimum mass accuracy.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of the sulfur content of petroleum products, such as naphthas, unleaded motor gasolines, middle distillates, residual fuel oils, base lubricating oils and components. The method is applicable to products with sulfur content in the range of a mass fraction of 0,03 % to a mass fraction of 5,00 %.
This test method can be used for biofuel or biofuel blends.
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This document defines the following quantities commonly used to express the composition of gas mixtures:
— amount fraction and concentration;
— mass fraction and concentration;
— volume fraction and concentration.
For these quantities of composition, this document specifies methods for:
— conversion between different quantities;
— conversion between different state conditions.
Conversion between different quantities means calculating the value of the content of a specified component in terms of one of the quantities listed above from the value of the same content, at the same pressure and temperature of the gas mixture, given in terms of another of these quantities. Conversion between different state conditions means calculating the value of the content of a specified component, in terms of one of the quantities listed above, under one set of state conditions from the value of the same quantity under another set of state conditions, i.e., pressure and temperature, of the gas mixture. Gas mixture composition can be converted simultaneously between different quantities of composition and different state conditions by combination of the two types of conversion.
This document is applicable only to homogeneous and stable gas mixtures. Therefore, any state conditions (pressure and temperature) considered need to be well outside the condensation region of the gas mixture. In addition, volume concentrations can only be used if the component under consideration is completely gaseous, and for the use of volume fractions, all components need to be completely gaseous. Further restrictions of state conditions apply for approximations of compression factors using virial coefficients (see Annex A).
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content in ethanol (E85) automotive fuel [3], containing ethanol between 50 % (V/V) and 85 % (V/V), from 5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg, using instruments with either monochromatic or polychromatic excitation.
NOTE 1 Sulfur contents higher than 20 mg/kg can be determined after sample dilution with an appropriate solvent. However, the precision was not established for diluted samples.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste, and waste using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this document, lower limit of application from 1 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 10 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples the limit of 10 μg/kg cannot be reached.
Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties, as well as in the expected contamination levels of PCB and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This document contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.
NOTE The analysis of PCB in insulating liquids, petroleum products, used oils and aqueous samples is referred to in EN 61619, EN 12766-1 and ISO 6468 respectively.
The method can be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments.
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This document specifies a glow discharge optical emission spectrometric (GD-OES) method for the determination of the thickness, mass per unit area and chemical composition of surface layer films. The applicability of this document is limited to description of general procedures for quantification of the chemical composition and thickness in GD-OES compositional depth profiling. This document is not directly applicable for quantification of individual materials having various thicknesses and elements to be determined.
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This document specifies methods for:
— determining the composition of a calibration gas mixture by comparison with appropriate reference gas mixtures;
— calculating the uncertainty of the composition of a calibration gas mixture in relation to the known uncertainty of the composition of the reference gas mixtures with which it was compared;
— checking the composition attributed to a calibration gas mixture by comparison with appropriate reference gas mixtures;
— consistency testing and outlier search in suites of calibration gas mixtures of closely related composition.
NOTE 1 In principle, the method described in this document is also applicable to the analysis of (largely) unknown samples instead of prospective calibration gas mixtures (i.e. gas mixtures which are intended for use as calibration gas mixtures). Such applications, however, need appropriate care and consideration of additional uncertainty components, for example, concerning the effect of matrix differences between the reference gases used for calibration and the analysed sample.
NOTE 2 Comparison methods based on one- and two-point calibration are described in ISO 12963.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for: — determining the composition of a calibration gas mixture by comparison with appropriate reference gas mixtures; — calculating the uncertainty of the composition of a calibration gas mixture in relation to the known uncertainty of the composition of the reference gas mixtures with which it was compared; — checking the composition attributed to a calibration gas mixture by comparison with appropriate reference gas mixtures; — consistency testing and outlier search in suites of calibration gas mixtures of closely related composition. NOTE 1 In principle, the method described in this document is also applicable to the analysis of (largely) unknown samples instead of prospective calibration gas mixtures (i.e. gas mixtures which are intended for use as calibration gas mixtures). Such applications, however, need appropriate care and consideration of additional uncertainty components, for example, concerning the effect of matrix differences between the reference gases used for calibration and the analysed sample. NOTE 2 Comparison methods based on one- and two-point calibration are described in ISO 12963.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard41 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides symbols and defines standard datasheets for some of the most often used microfluidic pumps, such as the peristaltic pump, pressure pump, syringe pump and diaphragm/membrane pump.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a chemical method for technicians working with total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) instrumentation to perform measurements of water samples, according to good practices, with a defined degree of accuracy and precision. Target users are identified among laboratories performing routine analysis of large numbers of samples, which also conform with ISO/IEC 17025. This document specifies a method to determine the content of elements dissolved in water (e.g. drinking water, surface water and ground water). This document is also applicable for determining elements in waste waters and eluates, taking into account the specific and additionally occurring interferences. This document does not specify sampling, dilution and pre-concentration methods. Elements determined using the method specified in this document can depend on the X-ray source of the instrument. This document does not specify health, safety or commercial aspects. The determinable concentrations depend on the matrix and the interferences encountered. In drinking water and relatively unpolluted waters, the limit of quantification lies between 0,001 mg/l and 0,01 mg/l for most of the elements. The range of concentrations typically lies between 0,001 mg/l and 10 mg/l, depending on the element and predefined requirements. Annex A reports an example of uncertainty calculation. Annex B provides an example report on validation of the method for TXRF analysis of water performed with instrumentation that has Mo as the X-ray source and uses Ga as the internal calibration standard. Limits of quantification of most elements are affected by blank contamination and depend predominantly on the laboratory air-handling facilities available, on the purity of reagents and the cleanliness of labware.
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This document defines the most commonly used terms for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen preparation using focused ion beam (FIB).
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This document defines the following quantities commonly used to express the composition of gas mixtures:
— amount fraction and concentration;
— mass fraction and concentration;
— volume fraction and concentration.
For these quantities of composition, this document specifies methods for:
— conversion between different quantities;
— conversion between different state conditions.
Conversion between different quantities means calculating the value of the content of a specified component in terms of one of the quantities listed above from the value of the same content, at the same pressure and temperature of the gas mixture, given in terms of another of these quantities. Conversion between different state conditions means calculating the value of the content of a specified component, in terms of one of the quantities listed above, under one set of state conditions from the value of the same quantity under another set of state conditions, i.e., pressure and temperature, of the gas mixture. Gas mixture composition can be converted simultaneously between different quantities of composition and different state conditions by combination of the two types of conversion.
This document is applicable only to homogeneous and stable gas mixtures. Therefore, any state conditions (pressure and temperature) considered need to be well outside the condensation region of the gas mixture. In addition, volume concentrations can only be used if the component under consideration is completely gaseous, and for the use of volume fractions, all components need to be completely gaseous. Further restrictions of state conditions apply for approximations of compression factors using virial coefficients (see Annex A).
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method, including the degradation of certain side-chain fluorinated polymers during the extraction with simultaneous alkaline hydrolysis, and using liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for identification and quantification of certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The document is applicable to all materials of textile products.
Table 2 indicates a list of target PFAS which can be analysed with this document. PFAS of Table 2 marked with the footnote e) and footnote f) undergo alkaline hydrolysis and only their per- or polyfluorinated degradation products such as PFOA or n:2 fluorotelomer alcohols (n:2 FTOHs, n = 4, 6, 8, 10) can be determined.
Through the methods outlined in the informative Annex E and Annex F, free n:2 FTOHs, PFOA and non-polymeric PFAS of Table 2 marked with the footnote e) and footnote f), that are not stable to alkaline hydrolysis, can be identified and quantified.
Certain side-chain fluorinated polymers release n:2 FTOHs (n = 4, 6, 8, 10) under the described extraction conditions. Since these side-chain fluorinated polymers can be PFOA or C9-C14 PFCA-related substances restricted by the EU-POPs [1] or EU-REACH [2] regulations, the amounts of released n:2 FTOHs can be used to indirectly assess whether the concentration of the aforementioned side-chain fluorinated polymers exceed limits for PFOA or C9-C14 PFCA-related substances.
This document is also applicable to the determination of further PFAS, provided that the method is validated with the additional substances and that these PFAS are stable to alkaline hydrolysis and dehydrofluorination.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method for selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to analyse thin crystalline specimens. This document applies to test areas of micrometres and sub-micrometres in size. The minimum diameter of the selected area in a specimen which can be analysed by this method is restricted by the spherical aberration coefficient of the objective lens of the microscope and approaches hundreds of nanometres for a modern TEM. When the size of an analysed specimen area is smaller than the spherical aberration coefficient restriction, this document can also be used for the analysis procedure. However, because of the effect of spherical aberration and deviation of the specimen height position, some of the diffraction information in the pattern can be generated from outside of the area defined by the selected area aperture. In such cases, the use of microdiffraction (nano-beam diffraction) or convergent beam diffraction, where available, can be preferred. This document is applicable to the acquisition of SAED patterns from crystalline specimens, indexing the patterns and calibration of the camera constant.
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This document defines the following quantities commonly used to express the composition of gas mixtures: — amount fraction and concentration; — mass fraction and concentration; — volume fraction and concentration. For these quantities of composition, this document specifies methods for: — conversion between different quantities; — conversion between different state conditions. Conversion between different quantities means calculating the value of the content of a specified component in terms of one of the quantities listed above from the value of the same content, at the same pressure and temperature of the gas mixture, given in terms of another of these quantities. Conversion between different state conditions means calculating the value of the content of a specified component, in terms of one of the quantities listed above, under one set of state conditions from the value of the same quantity under another set of state conditions, i.e., pressure and temperature, of the gas mixture. Gas mixture composition can be converted simultaneously between different quantities of composition and different state conditions by combination of the two types of conversion. This document is applicable only to homogeneous and stable gas mixtures. Therefore, any state conditions (pressure and temperature) considered need to be well outside the condensation region of the gas mixture. In addition, volume concentrations can only be used if the component under consideration is completely gaseous, and for the use of volume fractions, all components need to be completely gaseous. Further restrictions of state conditions apply for approximations of compression factors using virial coefficients (see Annex A).
- Standard55 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document specifies a method using headspace gas chromatography and mass selective spectroscopy (HS-GC-MS) for detection and quantification of benzene in components of textile products.
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IEC 62321-12:2023 specifies a reference test method for the simultaneous determination of polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and four phthalates: di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in polymers of electrotechnical products.
The extraction technique described in this document is the ultrasonic-assisted extraction used for simultaneous extraction for sample preparation.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is considered as the reference technique for the measurement of the simultaneous determination of analytes in the range of 25 mg/kg to 2 000 mg/kg.
The test method using ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by GC-MS detection has been evaluated by the tests of polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylate rubber (ACM), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene (PE) materials.
This document has the status of a horizontal publication in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
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This document specifies procedures for the operation and use of glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS). There are several GD-MS systems from different manufacturers in use and this document describes the differences in their operating procedures when appropriate. NOTE This document is intended to be read in conjunction with the instrument manufacturers’ manuals and recommendations.
- Technical specification13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds in workplace air, using either flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
The sample digestion procedure specified in 10.2.2 has been validated for a selection of cadmium compounds and pigments and glass enamels containing cadmium.
The analytical method has been validated for the determination of masses of 10 ng to 600 ng of cadmium per sample using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and 0,15 µg to 96 µg of cadmium per sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration range for cadmium in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user.
The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to stationary sampling.
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This document specifies the sampling and analysis of phthalates in indoor air and describes the sampling and analysis of phthalates in house dust and in solvent wipe samples of surfaces by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Two alternative sampling, sample preparation and sample introduction methods, whose comparability has been proven in an interlaboratory test, are specified for indoor air[1]:
— sorbent tubes sampling with subsequent thermal desorption GC-MS, and
— sampling by adsorption and subsequent solvent extraction and injection to GC-MS.
Additional adsorbents that can be used are described in Annex B.
Depending on the sampling method, the compounds dimethyl phthalate to diisoundecylphthalate can be analysed in house dust as described in Annex D. The investigation of house dust samples is only appropriate as a screening method. This investigation only results in indicative values and is not acceptable for a final assessment of a potential need for action.
Dimethyl phthalate to diisoundecylphthalate can be analysed in solvent wipe samples as described in Annex C. Solvent wipe samples are suitable for non-quantitative source identification.
NOTE In principle, the method is also suitable for the analysis of other phthalates, adipates and cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid esters, but this is confirmed by determination of the performance characteristics in each case.
General information on phthalates are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies the gas chromatographic (GC) method for the determination of saturated, olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons in automotive motor gasoline, small engine petrol and ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. Additionally, the benzene and toluene content, oxygenated compounds and the total oxygen content can be determined.
Although specifically developed for the analysis of automotive motor gasoline that contains oxygenates, this test method can also be applied to other hydrocarbon streams having similar boiling ranges, such as naphthas and reformates.
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This document specifies a glow discharge optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of the thickness, mass per unit area and chemical composition of metal oxide films. This method is applicable to oxide films 5 nm to 10 000 nm thick on metals. The metallic elements of the oxide can include one or more from Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ti, Si, Mo, Zn, Mg, Mn, Zr and Al. Other elements that can be determined by the method are O, C, N, H, P and S.
- Technical specification39 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies information to be reported by an analyst in a datasheet, certificate of analysis, report or other publication regarding the handling, preparation, processing and mounting of specimens for surface analysis. Appropriate sample handling with adequate documentation is needed to ensure and assess reliability and reproducibility of analyses. Such information is in addition to other details associated with specimen synthesis, processing history and characterization, and should become part of the data record (sometimes identified as provenance information) regarding the source of the material and changes that have taken place since it was originated. This document also includes normative annexes that summarize important processes and common approaches relevant to sample preparation and mounting for surface analysis. The descriptions of procedures for which records and reporting are required follow the steps that an analyst would follow from receiving the samples, to cleaning or processing outside of the analysis chamber, sample mounting and then treatments in the analysis chamber. The descriptions of the processes and their implications are intended as an aid for the analyst in understanding the reporting requirements for the specialized sample-handling conditions and approaches required for analyses by techniques such as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The methods described are also applicable for other analytical techniques, such as total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), some types of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) including atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and medium- and low-energy ion scattering (MEIS and LEIS [also called ion surface scattering, ISS]) that are sensitive to surface composition. This document does not specify the nature of instrumentation, instrument conditions (e.g., calibration or vacuum quality), or operating procedures required to ensure that the analytical measurements described have been appropriately conducted.
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This document specifies a procedure for the direct determination of the content of the soap building elements Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) as well as Phosphorus (P) in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by ICP OES.
The concentrations of each component or the combinations of some to which this method is applicable are given in Table 1.
Table 1 - Scope ranges for each element
Element Scope range
mg/kg
Ca 0,3 - 5,4
Mg 0,3 - 4,6
Na 0,4 - 5,0
K 0,6 - 5,3
P 1,0 - 5,0
Ca + Mg 0,5 - 9,4
Na + K 1,0 - 9,9
Ca + Mg + Na + K 1,4 - 19,3
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term "% (V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction, φ, of a material.
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This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows.
1.1.1 Equipment included in scope
Replacement:
This part of IEC 61010 specifies safety requirements and related verification tests for control equipment and/or their associated peripherals.
Some equipment examples are:
- programmable logic controller (PLC);
- programmable automation controller (PAC);
- distributed control systems (DCS);
- industrial PC (computers) and panel PC;
- programming and debugging tools (PADTs);
- displays and human-machine interfaces (HMI);
- any product performing the function of control equipment and/or their associated peripherals;
- positioners; and
- control equipment which have as their intended use the command and control of machines, automated manufacturing and industrial processes, e.g. discrete and continuous control.
Components of the above named equipment and in the scope of this standard are e.g.:
- (auxiliary) stand-alone power supplies;
- peripherals such as digital and analogue I/O,
- remote-I/O;
- industrial network equipment, embedded or standalone (e.g. switches, routers, wireless base station).
Control equipment and their associated peripherals are intended to be used in an industrial environment and may be provided as OPEN or ENCLOSED EQUIPMENT.
NOTE 1 Control equipment intended also for use in other environments or for other purposes (example: for use in building installations to control light or other electrical installations, or for use on cars, trains or ships) can have additional conformity requirements defined by the safety standard(s) for these applications. These requirements can involve as example: insulation, spacings and power restrictions.
NOTE 2 Computing devices and similar equipment within the scope of IEC 60950 (planned to be replaced by IEC 62368) and conforming to its requirements are considered to be suitable for use with control equipment within the scope of this standard. However, some of the requirements of IEC 60950 for resistance to moisture and liquids are less stringent than those in IEC 61010-1:2010, 5.4.4 second paragraph.
Control equipment covered in this standard is typically intended 237 for use in OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II (IEC 60664-1) in low-voltage installations, where the RATED equipment supply voltage does not exceed AC. 1 000 V r.m.s. (50/60 Hz), or DC 1 000 V.
Where control equipment is intended for installation to supply systems with overvoltage category III or IV, additional requirements are identified in Annex K.
The requirements of ISO/IEC Guide 51 and IEC Guide 104, as they relate to this part of IEC 61010, are incorporated herein.
1.1.2 Equipment excluded from scope
Replacement:
This standard does not deal with aspects of the overall automated system, e.g. a complete assembly line. Control equipment (e.g. DCS and PLC), their application program and their associated peripherals are considered as components (components in this context are items which perform no useful function by themselves) of an overall automated system.
Since control equipment (e.g. DCS and PLC) are component devices, safety considerations for the overall automated system including installation and application are beyond the scope of this standard. Refer to IEC 60364 series of standards or applicable national/local regulations for electrical installation and guidelines.
1.2.1 Aspects included in scope
Replace first sentence:
The purpose of the requirements of this standard is to ensure that all HAZARDs to the OPERATOR, SERVICE PERSONNEL and the surrounding area are reduced to a tolerable level.
NOTE By using the terms "OPERATOR" and "SERVICE PERSONNEL" this standard considers the perception of HAZARDS depending on training and skills. Annex AA gives a general approach in this regard.
1.2.2 Aspects excluded from scope
Replacement:
This standard does not cover:
a)[...]
b)[...]
c)[...]
d)[...]
e)[...]
- Standard86 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the content of n-butyl phenyl ether (BPE, CAS: 1126-79-0, also known as butoxy-benzene) in gas oils, kerosene, diesel fuel and biodiesel blends. The method uses a two-column gas chromatograph with an FID-type of detector. The application range is 0,1 mg/l to 21,25 mg/l of BPE, with a limit of detection of 0,05 mg/l.
NOTE This corresponds to 1 % to 150 % of the average marking level of the ACCUTRACE™ Plus required by Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/197 [1] of 17 January 2022 establishing a common fiscal marker for gas oils and kerosene.
The method is found to be applicable to determinations beyond this range or for specific other chemical markers that fall within the distillation temperature range of middle-distillates, but for that no precision has been determined.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives general information on the key steps for the preparation of candidate matrix reference materials (RMs) including the material specification, sourcing and selection of bulk material, and the processing of the material, which are important steps for the production of matrix RMs. The document provides information on the preparation of candidate RMs for laboratory staff who prepare and use matrix materials for their specific applications. This document can also be used by reference material producers (RMPs) as an information source for the preparation of the RMs that they produce. This document also offers examples of specific case studies covering the preparation of matrix RMs in different fields of application (see Annexes A to F). These are not complete "production manuals" but highlight key considerations for the preparation steps of RMs.
- Technical report41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method to determine certain aromatic amines derived from azo colourants.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the sampling and testing of low volatile organic compound (VOC) coating materials and their raw materials. In particular, this document specifies a gas-chromatographic method to quantitatively determine the VOC content (i.e. the content of organic compounds with boiling points up to 250 °C) under standard conditions (101,325 kPa). It is applicable to VOC contents between 0,01 % and 0,1 % by mass.
This document does not apply to the determination of the semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) content, which is covered in ISO 11890-2.
This document does not apply to volatile organic and volatile inorganic compounds that cannot be determined by gas chromatography.
The procedure for identifying the appropriate method for the determination of VOC content and the SVOC content of coating materials and their raw materials is described in ISO/TR 5601.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a spectrophotometric method for determining the chlorophyll-a content corrected for phaeopigments as a measure of the amount of phytoplankton for all types of surface water including marine water. The determination limit is usually 2 µg/l to 5 µg/l and is calculated by each laboratory individually. It can be as low as 0,5 µg/l using 2 l of sample (or even more) and a 50 mm cuvette.
NOTE In some measurement programs like marine studies on time series data and ecological status/classification no correction for phaeopigments is used and acidification is omitted, e.g. as recommended by OSPAR.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the averaged interface position between two different layered materials recorded in the cross-sectional image of the multi-layered material. This document does not apply for determining the simulated interface of the multi-layered materials expected through the multi-slice simulation (MSS) method. This document is applicable to the cross-sectional images of multi-layered materials recorded using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and cross-sectional elemental mapping images using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) or an electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS). This document is also applicable to digitized images recorded on an image sensor built into a digital camera, a digital memory set in the PC or an imaging plate, where the digitalized image is obtained by converting an analogue image recorded on photographic film using an image scanner.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document gives a method for determination of the apparent growth direction of nanocrystals by transmission electron microscopy. This method is applicable to all kinds of wire-like crystalline materials synthetized by various methods. This document can also guide in determining an axis direction of the second-phase particles in steels, alloys, or other materials. The applicable diameter or width of the crystals to be tested is in the range of tens to one hundred nanometres, depending on the accelerating voltage of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the material itself. Position, which is curved, twisted, and folded, to determine the apparent growth direction, should not be used.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document identifies the information needed to ensure that a sample has been selected, processed, handled, and stored in a manner consistent with the analysis objectives, and to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of the surface analyses. Such information is also an important component of sample data record books, datasheets, certificates of analysis, reports, and other publications. This information is in addition to other details associated with the specimens to be analysed, such as source/synthesis information, processing history, and other characterizations that naturally become part of the data record (sometimes referred to as provenance information) regarding the origin of the sample and any changes to its original form. This document also includes normative annexes as an aid to understanding the special sample handling techniques and storage requirements of surface chemical analysis techniques, particularly: Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The information presented can also be applicable for other analytical techniques, such as total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF), that is sensitive to surface composition, and scanning probe microscopy (SPM), that is sensitive to surface morphology. This document does not define the nature of instrumentation or operating procedures needed to ensure that the analytical measurements described have been appropriately conducted.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a chromatographic method for the determination of levoglucosan in aqueous or organic extracts of filter samples collected in accordance with EN 12341:2023 [5]. The method has been tested for concentrations of ca. 10 ng/m3 up to ca. 3 000 ng/m3 with a sampling duration of 24 h. The procedure is also suitable for the determination of galactosan and mannosan.
Depending on the analysis instrumentation used, the carbohydrates inositol, glycerol, threitol/erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, threalose, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose can also be determined. However, no performance characteristics are given for these compounds in this document.
- Technical specification42 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the content and the layout of an installation document providing necessary and useful information about the aftermarket installation of an alcohol interlock into a vehicle. It details the type of the vehicle, connection schematics, accessibility instructions and recommendations to avoid safety risks.
The content and layout ensures that the information document is easy to use by installers in different countries and can be available in paper or electronic format.
This document is applicable to alcohol interlocks according to EN 50436-1:2023.
This document is mostly intended for vehicle manufacturers and manufacturers of alcohol interlocks.
This document does not apply to:
- the process of handling the installation documents;
- the installation process;
- information related to education and training for installers;
- general performance requirements for alcohol interlocks (see EN 50436-1:2023);
- the installation of the alcohol interlock during the production of the vehicle.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the content and the layout of an installation document providing necessary and useful information about the aftermarket installation of an alcohol interlock into a vehicle. It details the type of the vehicle, connection schematics, accessibility instructions and recommendations to avoid safety risks. The content and layout ensures that the information document is easy to use by installers in different countries and can be available in paper or electronic format. This document is applicable to alcohol interlocks according to EN 50436-1:2023. This document is mostly intended for vehicle manufacturers and manufacturers of alcohol interlocks. This document does not apply to: - the process of handling the installation documents; - the installation process; - information related to education and training for installers; - general performance requirements for alcohol interlocks (see EN 50436-1:2023); - the installation of the alcohol interlock during the production of the vehicle.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a spectrophotometric method for determining the chlorophyll-a content corrected for phaeopigments as a measure of the amount of phytoplankton for all types of surface water including marine water. The determination limit is usually 2 µg/l to 5 µg/l and is calculated by each laboratory individually. It can be as low as 0,5 µg/l using 2 l of sample (or even more) and a 50 mm cuvette.
NOTE In some measurement programs like marine studies on time series data and ecological status/classification no correction for phaeopigments is used and acidification is omitted, e.g. as recommended by OSPAR.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance on
a) confidentiality of personal information for the customer and the laboratory,
b) laboratory safety requirements,
c) calibration sources and calibration dose ranges useful for establishing the reference dose-response curves that contribute to the dose estimation from CBMN assay yields and the detection limit,
d) performance of blood collection, culturing, harvesting, and sample preparation for CBMN assay scoring,
e) scoring criteria,
f) conversion of micronucleus frequency in BNCs into an estimate of absorbed dose,
g) reporting of results,
h) quality assurance and quality control, and
i) informative annexes containing sample instructions for customers, sample questionnaire, a microscope scoring data sheet, and a sample report.
This document excludes methods for automated scoring of CBMN.
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day