71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
ICS 71.040.50 Details
Physicochemical methods of analysis
Physikochemische Analysenmethoden
Méthodes d'analyse physico-chimique
Fizikalnokemijske analitske metode
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 71.040.50 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Physicochemical methods of analysis". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 1277 standards classified under ICS 71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a procedure for the use of quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), including single-quadrupole instruments and tandem ICP-MS/MS, for analysing test solutions prepared from samples of airborne particulate matter collected as specified in ISO 15202-1. Method development, performance checks and a routine analysis method are specified in this document
NOTE 1 Other types of ICP-MS (e.g. magnetic sector) are outside of the scope of this document.
Test solutions for analysis by this document are prepared as specified in ISO 15202-2.
This document is applicable to the assessment of workplace exposure to metals and metalloids for comparison with limit values (e.g. see EN 689[10] and ASTM E1370[8]).
This document is not applicable to the determination of elemental mercury, since mercury vapour is not collected using the sampling method specified in ISO 15202-1.
The procedure specified in this document is suitable for the assessment of exposure against the long-term exposure limits for most of the metals and metalloids for which occupational exposure limit values have been set, when sampling at a typical flow rate of at least 2 l min−1 for sampling times in the range 0,25 h to 8 h and for the assessment of exposure against the short-term exposure limits, where applicable.
NOTE 2 The procedure is subject to no significant spectral interferences (see Clause A.3), provided that suitable analytical isotopes are used. However, inadequate matrix-matching can adversely affect results.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in workplace air by ion chromatography. The anions are detected by conductivity.
The method is applicable to the personal sampling of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling.
The method does not apply to the determination of sulfur trioxide.
The procedure does not differentiate between the acids and their corresponding salts if both are present in the workplace air.
The procedure does not differentiate between phosphoric acid and diphosphorus pentoxide (phosphoric anhydride) if both are present in the workplace air.
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This document specifies three techniques for the determination of free Bisphenol A (BPA) in plastics of electrotechnical products.
This document describes the use of liquid chromatography–diode array detector (LC-DAD), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with these test methods detailed in Annex A and Annex B.
These test methods have been evaluated for use with PC, PC/ABS, PP matrices containing free BPA between 20 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg as shown in the Pre-IIS 13 results in Annex C and IIS 13 results in Annex D [1], [2]. The use of these methods for BPA concentration ranges of plastics, other than those specified in Annex C and Annex D, has not been evaluated.
This document is a basic environment horizontal publication focusing on test methods and is primarily intended for use by committees in the preparation of publications within the area of environment in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 123. Wherever applicable, it is the responsibility of committees to make use of environment basic publications in the preparation of their environment group and product publications. Committees can apply this document directly to products when they do not develop a product publication in the area of environment.
WARNING – Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of soluble particulate fluorides and hydrofluoric acid (HF) in workplace air by collection of the particulate fluorides on a pre-filter and HF on an alkali-impregnated filter and analysis by ion chromatography.
This method is only applicable to determination of particulate fluorides that are soluble using the sample preparation procedure specified.
For aerosol sampling, this method is applicable to the personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling.
The method is applicable to the determination of masses of 0,005 mg to at least 1,25 mg of particulate fluorides per sample and 0,015 mg to at least 1,2 mg of HF per sample.
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This document specifies a test method for the sampling and analysis of airborne organic isocyanate (NCO) compounds in workplace air. The method covers organic compounds containing free isocyanate functional groups, including monomeric, oligomeric, prepolymeric and polymeric isocyanates, and addresses the measurement of total isocyanate groups in air samples collected for the assessment of occupational exposure.
The method is suitable for personal air sampling in the breathing zone for the determination of time-weighted average concentrations over sampling periods ranging from approximately 10 min to 8 h, although it can be applied to shorter sampling periods with high isocyanate air levels. It can also be used for background or fixed-location air sampling; however, due to aerodynamic effects, samplers designed for personal sampling do not necessarily exhibit the same collection characteristics when used for other purposes. It covers the measurement of airborne organic isocyanates over a concentration range of approximately 0,1 μg/m3 to 140 μg/m3 for a nominal air sample volume of 15 l; under the conditions specified in this document, typical qualitative and quantitative detection limits correspond to approximately 0,07 μg/m3 a nd 0 ,3 μg/m3, respectively, for a 15 l air sample.
This document does not apply to the simultaneous determination of isocyanates and amines, nor to modified methods employing alternative sampling devices or detection techniques not described in this document.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of organic isocyanates in workplace air using derivatization with di-n-butylamine (DBA) and chromatographic analysis.
This document is applicable to the determination of a wide range of organic isocyanates present in both the gas phase and the particle phase in workplace atmospheres, including monofunctional isocyanates such as isocyanic acid (ICA), methyl isocyanate (MIC), ethyl isocyanate (EIC), propyl isocyanate (PIC), butyl isocyanate (BIC) and phenyl isocyanate (PhI); monomeric diisocyanates, including 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthyl diisocyanate (NDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI); and multifunctional isocyanates, including oligomeric, prepolymeric and polymeric forms such as biuret-, isocyanurate- and allophanate-adducts.
The method covers air sampling using impingers, filters or combinations thereof, and analysis by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.
The useful analytical range is approximately 2,5 ng to 500 ng of isocyanate per sample. For a nominal air sample volume of 15 l, this corresponds to approximately 0,2 µg/m3 to 33 µg/m3. These values can vary depending on the isocyanate analysed.
This document does not apply to the determination of amines or aminoisocyanates. For the determination of amines and aminoisocyanates, the method specified in ISO 17734-2[11].
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This document specifies a test method for the determination of the content of n-butyl phenyl ether (BPE, CAS: 1126-79-0, also known as butoxy-benzene) in gas oils, kerosene, diesel fuel and biodiesel blends. The method uses a two-column gas chromatograph with an FID-type of detector. The application range is 0,27 mg/l to 19,75 mg/l of BPE, with the minimum and maximum reporting levels being 0,09 mg/l and 21,89 mg/l respectively.
NOTE This corresponds to 1 % to 185 % of the average marking level of the ACCUTRACE™ Plus required by Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/197 [1] of 17 January 2022 establishing a common fiscal marker for gas oils and kerosene.
The method is found to be applicable to determinations beyond this range or for specific other chemical markers that fall within the distillation temperature range of middle-distillates, but for that no precision has been determined.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas and hydrochloric acid mist, hydrogen bromide (HBr) vapour and hydrobromic acid mist and nitric acid (HNO3) vapour and mist in workplace air by collection on an alkali-impregnated quartz fibre filter and analysis by ion chromatography.
For mist sampling, this method is applicable to the personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles as defined in ISO 7708 and to static (area) sampling.
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This part of IEC 62321 specifies one technique for the determination of short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs: C10-C13 and MCCPs: C14-C17) in plastics of electrotechnical products.
This document specifies a quantitative method for the determination of short-chain and mediumchain chlorinated paraffins in electrotechnical products by means of solvent extraction and gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS).
This test method has been evaluated for use with ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride) containing individual SCCPs ranging from 369,7 mg/kg to 8 653,9 mg/kg and MCCPs ranging from 2 141,1 mg/kg to 27 329,6 mg/kg as shown in the pre-IIS 14 results in Annex C. The use of this test method for other plastics and concentration ranges has not been specifically evaluated.
This document is a basic environment horizontal publication focusing on test methods and is primarily intended for use by committees in the preparation of publications within the area of environment in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 123. Wherever applicable, it is the responsibility of committees to make use of environment basic publications in the preparation of their environment group and product publications. Committees can apply this document directly to products when they do not develop a product publication in the area of environment.
WARNING – Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
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This part of IEC 62321 describes the screening analysis of substances, specifically lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), total chromium (Cr), total bromine (Br), total phosphorus (P), assuming the source of P is related to TCEP (CAS 115-96-8), Trixylyl‑phosphate (CAS 25155-23-1), total chlorine (Cl), assuming the source of Cl is related to SCCP (CAS 85535-84-8), TCEP (CAS 115-96-8) , TBTC (CAS 1461-22-9), total tin (Sn), assuming the source of Sn is related to restricted organo‑tin compounds, total antimony (Sb), assuming the source of Sb is related to Pyrochlore, and antimony lead yellow (CAS 8012-00-8) in uniform materials found in electrotechnical products, using the analytical technique of X‑ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.
The same methodology can also be used for screening of substances discussed as critical raw materials in various countries (for example currently discussed in the EU: antimony (Sb), baryte, bismuth (Bi), cobalt (Co), fluorspar, gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), hafnium (Hf), indium (In), magnesium (Mg), niobium (Nb), phosphorus (P), scandium (Sc), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), platinum group metals, heavy rare earth elements, light rare earth elements).
NOTE From EU information on critical raw materials [1]1 raw materials are crucial to Europe's economy. They form a strong industrial base, producing a broad range of goods and applications used in everyday life and modern technologies. Reliable and unhindered access to certain raw materials is a growing concern within the EU and across the globe. To address this challenge, the European Commission has created a list of critical raw materials (CRMs) for the EU, which is subject to a regular review and update. CRMs combine raw materials of high importance to the EU economy and of high risk associated with their supply.
The method is applicable to plastics, metals and ceramic materials. The test method can be applied to raw materials, individual materials taken from products and "homogenized" mixtures of more than one material. Screening of a sample is performed using any type of XRF spectrometer, provided it has the performance characteristics specified in this test method. Not all types of XRF spectrometers are suitable for all sizes and shapes of sample. The appropriate spectrometer design will be selected with care for the task concerned.
The performance of this test method has been tested for the following substances in various media and within the concentration ranges as specified in Table 1 to Table 5. During an IIS (international interlaboratory study) the feasibility of the test method to use for the added elements was tested. The results are listed in Table 6 to Table 10.
These substances in similar media outside of the specified concentration ranges can be analysed according to this test method; however, the performance has not been established for this document.
WARNING – Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
This document is a basic environment horizontal publication focusing on test methods and is primarily intended for use by committees in the preparation of publications within the area of environment in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 123. Wherever applicable, it is the responsibility of committees to make use of environment basic publications in the preparation of their environment group and product publications. Committees can apply this document directly to products when they do not develop a product publication in the area of environment.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) (see Figure 1 and Table 1) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) in the electron impact (EI), negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) or atmospheric pressure ionization (APCI) mode.
The method is applicable to sediment and suspended particulate matter samples with limits of quantification of 0,2 µg/kg dry mass (dm) for brominated diphenylether (BDE) BDE-28 to BDE-183, of 2 µg/kg dry mass (dm) for BDE‑209.
The method is applicable as well with lower limits of quantification (LOQ), if specific clean-up methods, described in Clause 10, Table 3, method 1 and method 2 in combination with measurement methods GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS after electron impact ionization (El) or negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) for BDE-209 are used. Depending on the analytical capability of the instrument, limits of quantification down to 0,003 µg/kg dm for BDE-28 to BDE-154 and 0,02 µg/kg dm for BDE-183 and 1 µg/kg dm for BDE-209 and lower are possible.
The method is applicable to biota samples with limits of quantification down to 0,000 2 µg/kg fresh mass (fm) (BDE-28 to BDE-154) and 0,03 μg/kg fresh mass (fm) (BDE-183), if specific clean-up methods, described in Table 4 in combination with measurement methods GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS after electron impact ionization (El) are used.
Performance data are listed in Annex E.
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This document specifies a gas chromatographic method for ethanol, in which higher alcohols (propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol (iso-butanol), 2-methylbutan-1-ol, and 3-methylbutan-1-ol) from (0,1 up to 2,5) mass percentage, methanol from (0,1 up to 3) mass percentage and other impurities, in the range from (0,1 up to 2) mass percentage are determined.
NOTE 1 The European ethanol blending component specification [1] sets a limit for the combined result of ethanol + higher alcohols, not the ethanol content itself.
The method is developed for non-denatured ethanol samples. With sufficient attention to correct separation of the higher alcohols and other components, determination of hydrocarbons in ethanol that contains denaturants as per EN 15376 [1] is possible.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent the mass percentage or mass fraction (ω).
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This document specifies a method for determining the total content (solvent extractable) of melamine in chemicals for the leather tanning industry.
This method requires the use of liquid chromatography (LC) with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS/MS), an ultraviolet (UV) detector, or diode array detector (DAD) to identify and quantify the melamine.
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This document specifies a method for determining the total content (solvent extractable) of melamine in chemicals for the leather tanning industry.
This method requires the use of liquid chromatography (LC) with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS/MS), an ultraviolet (UV) detector, or diode array detector (DAD) to identify and quantify the melamine.
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This document specifies the determination of Cr(VI) in solid waste material and soil by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. This method can be used to determine Cr(VI)-mass fractions in solids higher than 0,1 mg/kg.
NOTE In case of reducing or oxidising waste matrix no valid Cr(VI) content can be reported.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid or mixture of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4)/hydrofluoric (HF) acid digests of soil, treated biowaste, waste, sludge and sediment:
aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), caesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
NOTE 1 Details on validation are given in Annex A.
This method is also applicable for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in aqua regia and nitric acid digests and in eluates of construction products (EN 17200[7]).
NOTE 2 Construction products include e.g. mineral-based products, bituminous products, metals, wood-based products, plastics and rubbers, sealants and adhesives, paints and coatings.
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This document specifies a method using gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS) for detection and quantification of extractable N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) in filaments and coatings of textile products.
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This document gives guidance on sample preparation, and on qualitative and quantitative determination of elements in particulate matter collected on filtering membranes (PM filter) by energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) in different geometrical configurations. This document does not apply to PM filter sampling. This document only applies to the analysis of X-ray emission from filters that are probed using an X-ray beam as the exciting source. X-ray emissions generated by electron microscope are excluded[1]. This document is applicable under a range of contexts including, but not limited to, those highlighted in the introduction. The described method is generally applicable for the determination of elements with atomic number higher than 11 (Na) and having a deposited mass on the filter greater than 10 ng. The elements that can be identified and the detection limits depend on the specific instrumental configuration employed. Various types of filtering membranes (filter) materials can be used, such as glass fibre, quartz fibre, cellulose, nylon, polycarbonate (PC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The entire filter, or portions of various sizes thereof, can be submitted for analysis. NOTE Reference free analysis, based on fundamental parameters is excluded, as the nature of the PM filter samples means that the parameters are not sufficiently well defined.
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This document specifies a method using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of the sulfur content of petroleum products, such as naphthas, unleaded motor gasolines, middle distillates, residual fuel oils, base lubricating oils and components. The method is applicable to products with sulfur content in the range of a mass fraction of 0,03 % to a mass fraction of 5,00 %.
This test method can be used for biofuel or biofuel blends.
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This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content in ethanol (E85) automotive fuel [3], containing ethanol between 50 % (V/V) and 85 % (V/V), from 5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg, using instruments with either monochromatic or polychromatic excitation.
NOTE 1 Sulfur contents higher than 20 mg/kg can be determined after sample dilution with an appropriate solvent. However, the precision was not established for diluted samples.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This document specifies methods for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste, and waste using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this document, lower limit of application from 1 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 10 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples the limit of 10 μg/kg cannot be reached.
Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties, as well as in the expected contamination levels of PCB and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This document contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.
NOTE The analysis of PCB in insulating liquids, petroleum products, used oils and aqueous samples is referred to in EN 61619, EN 12766-1 and ISO 6468 respectively.
The method can be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments.
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This document defines the most commonly used terms for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen preparation using focused ion beam (FIB).
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This document specifies the method for selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to analyse thin crystalline specimens. This document applies to test areas of micrometres and sub-micrometres in size. The minimum diameter of the selected area in a specimen which can be analysed by this method is restricted by the spherical aberration coefficient of the objective lens of the microscope and approaches hundreds of nanometres for a modern TEM. When the size of an analysed specimen area is smaller than the spherical aberration coefficient restriction, this document can also be used for the analysis procedure. However, because of the effect of spherical aberration and deviation of the specimen height position, some of the diffraction information in the pattern can be generated from outside of the area defined by the selected area aperture. In such cases, the use of microdiffraction (nano-beam diffraction) or convergent beam diffraction, where available, can be preferred. This document is applicable to the acquisition of SAED patterns from crystalline specimens, indexing the patterns and calibration of the camera constant.
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This document specifies a test method, including the degradation of certain side-chain fluorinated polymers during the extraction with simultaneous alkaline hydrolysis, and using liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for identification and quantification of certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The document is applicable to all materials of textile products.
Table 2 indicates a list of target PFAS which can be analysed with this document. PFAS of Table 2 marked with the footnote e) and footnote f) undergo alkaline hydrolysis and only their per- or polyfluorinated degradation products such as PFOA or n:2 fluorotelomer alcohols (n:2 FTOHs, n = 4, 6, 8, 10) can be determined.
Through the methods outlined in the informative Annex E and Annex F, free n:2 FTOHs, PFOA and non-polymeric PFAS of Table 2 marked with the footnote e) and footnote f), that are not stable to alkaline hydrolysis, can be identified and quantified.
Certain side-chain fluorinated polymers release n:2 FTOHs (n = 4, 6, 8, 10) under the described extraction conditions. Since these side-chain fluorinated polymers can be PFOA or C9-C14 PFCA-related substances restricted by the EU-POPs [1] or EU-REACH [2] regulations, the amounts of released n:2 FTOHs can be used to indirectly assess whether the concentration of the aforementioned side-chain fluorinated polymers exceed limits for PFOA or C9-C14 PFCA-related substances.
This document is also applicable to the determination of further PFAS, provided that the method is validated with the additional substances and that these PFAS are stable to alkaline hydrolysis and dehydrofluorination.
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This document specifies a method using headspace gas chromatography and mass selective spectroscopy (HS-GC-MS) for detection and quantification of benzene in components of textile products.
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IEC 62321-12:2023 specifies a reference test method for the simultaneous determination of polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and four phthalates: di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in polymers of electrotechnical products.
The extraction technique described in this document is the ultrasonic-assisted extraction used for simultaneous extraction for sample preparation.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is considered as the reference technique for the measurement of the simultaneous determination of analytes in the range of 25 mg/kg to 2 000 mg/kg.
The test method using ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by GC-MS detection has been evaluated by the tests of polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylate rubber (ACM), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene (PE) materials.
This document has the status of a horizontal publication in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
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This document specifies the sampling and analysis of phthalates in indoor air and describes the sampling and analysis of phthalates in house dust and in solvent wipe samples of surfaces by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Two alternative sampling, sample preparation and sample introduction methods, whose comparability has been proven in an interlaboratory test, are specified for indoor air[1]:
— sorbent tubes sampling with subsequent thermal desorption GC-MS, and
— sampling by adsorption and subsequent solvent extraction and injection to GC-MS.
Additional adsorbents that can be used are described in Annex B.
Depending on the sampling method, the compounds dimethyl phthalate to diisoundecylphthalate can be analysed in house dust as described in Annex D. The investigation of house dust samples is only appropriate as a screening method. This investigation only results in indicative values and is not acceptable for a final assessment of a potential need for action.
Dimethyl phthalate to diisoundecylphthalate can be analysed in solvent wipe samples as described in Annex C. Solvent wipe samples are suitable for non-quantitative source identification.
NOTE In principle, the method is also suitable for the analysis of other phthalates, adipates and cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid esters, but this is confirmed by determination of the performance characteristics in each case.
General information on phthalates are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds in workplace air, using either flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
The sample digestion procedure specified in 10.2.2 has been validated for a selection of cadmium compounds and pigments and glass enamels containing cadmium.
The analytical method has been validated for the determination of masses of 10 ng to 600 ng of cadmium per sample using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and 0,15 µg to 96 µg of cadmium per sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration range for cadmium in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user.
The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to stationary sampling.
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This document specifies the gas chromatographic (GC) method for the determination of saturated, olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons in automotive motor gasoline, small engine petrol and ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. Additionally, the benzene and toluene content, oxygenated compounds and the total oxygen content can be determined.
Although specifically developed for the analysis of automotive motor gasoline that contains oxygenates, this test method can also be applied to other hydrocarbon streams having similar boiling ranges, such as naphthas and reformates.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the sampling and testing of low volatile organic compound (VOC) coating materials and their raw materials. In particular, this document specifies a gas-chromatographic method to quantitatively determine the VOC content (i.e. the content of organic compounds with boiling points up to 250 °C) under standard conditions (101,325 kPa). It is applicable to VOC contents between 0,01 % and 0,1 % by mass.
This document does not apply to the determination of the semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) content, which is covered in ISO 11890-2.
This document does not apply to volatile organic and volatile inorganic compounds that cannot be determined by gas chromatography.
The procedure for identifying the appropriate method for the determination of VOC content and the SVOC content of coating materials and their raw materials is described in ISO/TR 5601.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a spectrophotometric method for determining the chlorophyll-a content corrected for phaeopigments as a measure of the amount of phytoplankton for all types of surface water including marine water. The determination limit is usually 2 µg/l to 5 µg/l and is calculated by each laboratory individually. It can be as low as 0,5 µg/l using 2 l of sample (or even more) and a 50 mm cuvette.
NOTE In some measurement programs like marine studies on time series data and ecological status/classification no correction for phaeopigments is used and acidification is omitted, e.g. as recommended by OSPAR.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the averaged interface position between two different layered materials recorded in the cross-sectional image of the multi-layered material. This document does not apply for determining the simulated interface of the multi-layered materials expected through the multi-slice simulation (MSS) method. This document is applicable to the cross-sectional images of multi-layered materials recorded using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and cross-sectional elemental mapping images using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) or an electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS). This document is also applicable to digitized images recorded on an image sensor built into a digital camera, a digital memory set in the PC or an imaging plate, where the digitalized image is obtained by converting an analogue image recorded on photographic film using an image scanner.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document gives a method for determination of the apparent growth direction of nanocrystals by transmission electron microscopy. This method is applicable to all kinds of wire-like crystalline materials synthetized by various methods. This document can also guide in determining an axis direction of the second-phase particles in steels, alloys, or other materials. The applicable diameter or width of the crystals to be tested is in the range of tens to one hundred nanometres, depending on the accelerating voltage of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the material itself. Position, which is curved, twisted, and folded, to determine the apparent growth direction, should not be used.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a chromatographic method for the determination of levoglucosan in aqueous or organic extracts of filter samples collected in accordance with EN 12341:2023 [5]. The method has been tested for concentrations of ca. 10 ng/m3 up to ca. 3 000 ng/m3 with a sampling duration of 24 h. The procedure is also suitable for the determination of galactosan and mannosan.
Depending on the analysis instrumentation used, the carbohydrates inositol, glycerol, threitol/erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, threalose, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose can also be determined. However, no performance characteristics are given for these compounds in this document.
- Technical specification42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Amendment9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a spectrophotometric method for determining the chlorophyll-a content corrected for phaeopigments as a measure of the amount of phytoplankton for all types of surface water including marine water. The determination limit is usually 2 µg/l to 5 µg/l and is calculated by each laboratory individually. It can be as low as 0,5 µg/l using 2 l of sample (or even more) and a 50 mm cuvette.
NOTE In some measurement programs like marine studies on time series data and ecological status/classification no correction for phaeopigments is used and acidification is omitted, e.g. as recommended by OSPAR.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method for sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including siloxanes, terpenes, organic sulfur compounds, in natural gas and biomethane matrices, using thermal desorption gas chromatography with flame ionization and/or mass spectrometry detectors (TD-GC-FID/MS).
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives general guidance for the sampling and gas chromatographic analysis of compressor oil in biomethane or compressed natural gas (CNG). The compressor oil mass fraction is determined by sampling on coalescing filters under defined operational conditions (the two first cubic meters of gas referring to standard conditions, delivered at a refuelling station).
Compressor oils are lubricants used in mechanical devices where the purpose is to reduce the volume and increase the pressure of gases for use in a variety of applications.
The method is solely applicable to compressed gas (p>18 MPa).
The compressor oil content is expressed as mass fraction. The scope of this method is from 3 mg/kg – 30 mg/kg.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives general guidelines for the determination of experimental parameters relating to the electron probe, the wavelength spectrometer, and the specimen that need to be taken into account when carrying out electron probe microanalysis. It also defines procedures for the determination of probe current, probe diameter, dead time, wavelength resolution, background, analysis area, analysis depth, and analysis volume. This document is applicable for the analysis of a well-polished specimen using normal beam incidence. This document does not apply to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the content of the preservative agents (biocidal products) 2-phenylphenol (OPP) and triclosan in textile materials and articles composed of textile products, by liquid chromatography.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid or mixture of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4)/hydrofluoric (HF) acid digests of soil, treated biowaste, waste, sludge and sediment:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gallium (Ga), gadolinium (Gd), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu) magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tantalum (Ta), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thulium (Tm), thorium (Th), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), yttrium (Y), ytterbium (Yb), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr).
The method is also applicable to other extracts or digests originating from, for example, DTPA extraction, fusion methods or total digestion methods, provided the user has verified the applicability.
The method has been validated for the elements given in Table A.1 (sludge), Table A.2 (compost) and Table A.3 (soil). The method is applicable for other solid matrices and other elements as listed above, provided the user has verified the applicability.
This method is also applicable for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in aqua regia and nitric acid digests and in eluates of construction products (EN 17200[22]).
NOTE Construction products include e.g. mineral-based products; bituminous products; metals; wood-based products; plastics and rubbers; sealants and adhesives; paints and coatings.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an empirical method for the simultaneous direct determination of the fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and sulfur content in environmental solid matrices by oxidative pyrohydrolytic combustion at (1 050 ± 50) °C, followed by ion chromatography. The method is applicable for the determination of concentrations ≥ 10 mg/kg of each element based on dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depends on the blank levels of the instrumentation and the capacity of the chromatographic separation column used for determination.
NOTE 1 Simultaneous determination of iodine content is possible but currently not validated.
NOTE 2 Other detection methods can be applied if validated.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the content of mono-aromatic, di aromatic and tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuels, paraffinic diesel fuels and petroleum distillates.
This document specifies two procedures, A and B.
Procedure A is applicable to diesel fuels that may contain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) up to 30 % (V/V) (as in [1], [2] or [3]) and petroleum distillates in the boiling range from 150 °C to 400 °C (as in [4].
Procedure B is applicable to paraffinic diesel fuels with up to 7 % (V/V) FAME. This procedure does not contain a dilution of the sample in order to determine the low levels of aromatic components in these fuels.
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content is calculated from the sum of di-aromatic and tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons and the total content of aromatic compounds is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen can interfere in the determination; mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di-alkenes and poly-alkenes, if present, can do so. The measurement ranges that apply to this method are given in Table 2 and Table 3.
NOTE 1 For the purpose of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.
NOTE 2 By convention, the aromatic hydrocarbon types are defined on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Their quantification is performed using an external calibration with a single aromatic compound for each of them, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics present in the sample. Alternative techniques and test methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.
NOTE 3 Backflush is part of laboratory-internal maintenance.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for wipe sampling materials that are used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent determination of lead. The wipes shall be tested for conformance to background lead, lead recoverability, collection efficiency, ruggedness which shall be determined using butted vinyl-composite floor tiles as a test surface, moisture content, coefficient of variation in mass, linear dimensions such as mean area and mean length, and mean thickness requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for wipes that are used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent determination of lead.
1.2 For wipe materials used for the determination of beryllium in surface dust refer to Specification D7707. This is mentioned to insure that users of wipes recognize that there is some relationship between the analytical backgrounds found in wipes and the analyte of interest.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish language
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish language
This document specifies the method for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in eluates and in aqua regia and nitric acid digests of construction products by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). It refers to the following 44 elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
For the determination of low levels of As, Hg, Se and Sb, chemical vapour generation systems can be applied. This method is described in Annex E (normative).
NOTE Construction products include e.g. mineral-based products (S); bituminous products (B); metals (M); wood-based products (W); plastics and rubbers (P); sealants and adhesives (A); paints and coatings (C), see also CEN/TR 16045.
The method in this document is applicable to construction products and validated for the product types listed in Annex C (informative).
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method for the determination of the content of biocides in construction products, (either finished (dried) or in a ready-to-use state) and in eluates thereof, using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS).
For content analysis liquid chromatography with UV-detection can also be used, if sufficient sensitivity and selectivity is ensured (see Annex A (normative)).
The method in this document is validated for the product types listed in Annex D (informative). For eluate analysis quantification limits of 0,1 µg/l can be achieved.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 62321 specifies two different techniques for the determination of TCEP tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) in plastics, the GC-MS or LC-MS method; both of which are suitable for quantitative analysis.
These two techniques have been evaluated for use with polyurethane, Polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene materials containing TCEP between 200 mg/kg to 2 000 mg/kg. Use of the methods escribed in International Standard for other polymers and concentration ranges has not been specifically evaluated.
These test methods do not apply to plastics materials having a processing temperature higher than 230 ℃.
NOTE TCEP starts thermal decomposition at approximately 230 ℃. Polymer types which have a processing temperature into shapes of plastics (e.g. pellets, moulded parts, or sheets etc.) not exceeding the decomposition temperature can contain TCEP.
Py-TD-GC-MS is another technique, suitable for the screening of TCEP in plastics (See Annex A).
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance on how to generate reliable and reproducible crystallographic orientation measurements using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It addresses the requirements for specimen preparation, instrument configuration, instrument calibration and data acquisition.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This testing method provides accurate biobased/biogenic carbon content results to materials whose carbon source was directly in equilibrium with CO2 in the atmosphere at the time of cessation of respiration or metabolism, such as the harvesting of a crop or grass living its natural life in a field. Special considerations are needed to apply the testing method to materials originating from within artificial environments. Application of these testing methods to materials derived from CO2 uptake within artificial environments is beyond the present scope of this standard.
4.2 Method B utilizes AMS along with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) techniques to quantify the biobased content of a given product. Instrumental error can be within 0.1-0.5 % (1 relative standard deviation (RSD)), but controlled studies identify an inter-laboratory total uncertainty up to ±3 % (absolute). This error is exclusive of indeterminate sources of error in the origin of the biobased content (see Section 22 on precision and bias).
4.3 Method C uses LSC techniques to quantify the biobased content of a product using sample carbon that has been converted to benzene. This test method determines the biobased content of a sample with a maximum total error of ±3 % (absolute), as does Method B.
4.4 The test methods described here directly discriminate between product carbon resulting from contemporary carbon input and that derived from fossil-based input. A measurement of a product’s 14C/12C or 14C/13C content is determined relative to a carbon based modern reference material accepted by the radiocarbon dating community such as NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 4990C, (referred to as OXII or HOxII). It is compositionally related directly to the original oxalic acid radiocarbon standard SRM 4990B (referred to as OXI or HOxI), and is denoted in terms of fM, that is, the sample’s fraction of modern carbon. (See Terminology, Section 3.)
4.5 Reference standards, available to all...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a test method that teaches how to experimentally measure biobased carbon content of solids, liquids, and gaseous samples using radiocarbon analysis. These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The overall analytical method is also applicable to gaseous samples, including flue gases from electrical utility boilers and waste incinerators.
1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic principles of the instrumentation used although minimum requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the References section. However, the preparation of samples for the above test methods is described. No details of instrument operation are included here. These are best obtained from the manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.
1.4 Limitation—This standard is applicable to laboratories working without exposure to artificial carbon-14 (14C). Artificial 14C is routinely used in biomedical studies by both liquid scintillation counter (LSC) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories and can exist within the laboratory at levels 1,000 times or more than 100 % biobased materials and 100,000 times more than 1% biobased materials. Once in the laboratory, artificial 14C can become undetectably ubiquitous on door knobs, pens, desk tops, and other surfaces but which may randomly contaminate an unknown sample producing inaccurately high biobased results. Despite vigorous attempts to clean up contaminating artificial 14C from a laboratory, isolation has proven to be the only successful method of avoidance. Completely separate chemical ...
- Standard19 pagesEnglish language
- Standard19 pagesEnglish language
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 pH is, within the limits described in 1.1, an accurate measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration and thus is widely used for the characterization of aqueous solutions.
4.2 pH measurement is one of the main process control variables in the chemical industry and has a prominent place in pollution control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies the apparatus and procedures for the electrometric measurement of pH values of aqueous solutions with the glass electrode. It does not deal with the manner in which the solutions are prepared. pH measurements of good precision can be made in aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of electrolytes or water-soluble organic compounds, or both. It should be understood, however, that pH measurements in such solutions are only a semiquantitative indication of hydrogen ion concentration or activity. The measured pH will yield an accurate result for these quantities only when the composition of the medium matches approximately that of the standard reference solutions. In general, this test method will not give an accurate measure of hydrogen ion activity unless the pH lies between 2 and 12 and the concentration of neither electrolytes nor nonelectrolytes exceeds 0.1 mol/L (M).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish language
- Standard6 pagesEnglish language