75.160 - Fuels
ICS 75.160 Details
Fuels
Brennstoffe
Combustibles
Goriva
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ISO 17827-2:2016 specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the vibrating screen method. The method described is meant for particulate biofuels only, namely, materials that either have been reduced in size, such as most wood fuels, or are physically in a particulate form. This part of ISO 17827 applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and below (e.g. sawdust).
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the share of material recovery in the case of co-incineration of SRF in a cement kiln. SRF contain inert mineral materials such as SiO2, CaO, etc, which are required for the production of cement clinker. When co-processed in the cement industry, the contained energy is recovered and the mineral part of SRF is incorporated into the clinker. On the basis of the ash content and the ash composition the Recycling-Index can be calculated.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 17827-1:2016 specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the horizontally oscillating screen method. It applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and above, e.g. wood chips, hog fuel, olive stones, etc. The method is intended to characterize material up to a particle size class of P63. For larger P-classes, the characterization is mainly done by hand sorting.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 17830:2016 aims to define the requirements and method used to determine particle size distribution of disintegrated pellets. It is applicable for pellets that fully disintegrate in hot water.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the content of undissolved substances, referred to as total contamination, in middle distillates, in diesel fuels containing up to 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and in neat FAME. The working range is from 12 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg and it was established in an interlaboratory study by applying EN ISO 4259 [2].
This European Standard in general applies to products having a kinematic viscosity not exceeding 8 mm2/s at 20 °C, or 5 mm2/s at 40 °C, e.g. diesel fuel as specified in EN 590 [1].
This test method may be used for diesel fuels containing more than 30 % (V/V) FAME and for petroleum products having a kinematic viscosity exceeding 8 mm2/s at 20 °C, or 5 mm2/s at 40 °C, however in such cases the precision of the test method is not defined.
NOTE 1 Excessive contamination in a fuel system can give rise to premature blocking of filters and/or hardware failure, and is therefore undesirable.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this European Standard, the term "% (V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction, φ, of a material.
WARNING - Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the content of undissolved substances, referred to as total contamination, in neat fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The working range is from 5 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg and it was established in an interlaboratory study by applying EN ISO 4259-1 [1].
This European Standard in general applies to products having a kinematic viscosity not exceeding 8 mm2/s at 20 °C, or 5 mm2/s at 40 °C, e.g. FAME as specified in EN 14214 [2].
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) (total vapour pressure), exerted in vacuo, by volatile, low viscosity petroleum products, components, ethanol blends up to 85 % (V/V), and feedstocks containing air. A dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) can be calculated from the air containing vapour pressure (ASVP) measurement.
The conditions used in the test described in this document are a vapour-to-liquid ratio of 4:1 and a test temperature of 37,8 °C.
The equipment is not wetted with water during the test, and the method described is therefore suitable for testing samples with or without oxygenates; no account is taken of dissolved water in the sample.
The method described is suitable for testing air saturated samples with a DVPE between 15,5 kPa and 106,0 kPa; vapour pressures outside this range can be measured, but the precision has not been determined.
This document is applicable to fuels containing oxygenated compounds up to the limits stated in the relevant Council Directive 85/536/EEC [10], and for ethanol-fuel blends up to 85 % (V/V) ethanol.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass and volume fractions, respectively.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the document, and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.
- Draft18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the ash of coal and coke.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies a calculation procedure for the determination of Iodine value ("CIV" - "calculated iodine value"), of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to be used either as automotive or heating fuel for diesel engines as specified in EN 14214 [2] or as an extender for automotive fuel for diesel engines as specified in EN 590 [4].
This procedure has originally been described in Annex B of EN 14214:2008 [2]. The calculation procedure is now specified for methyl esters between C14 and C24. The calculation procedure uses as data entry the results from the gas chromatography determination (GC) according to EN 14103 of individual fatty acid methyl esters and is based on AOCS recommended practice Cd 1c – 85 for the determination of the iodine value of edible oil from its fatty acid composition. It is important to recognise that the latest version of EN 14103 is to be used for the determination of individual FAME components.
NOTE 1 Experience from the field and from several precision evaluation campaigns in Germany and elsewhere indicates that the results of the determination of iodine value by calculation specified here are very close to results obtained by titration with Wijs solvent according to EN 14111. Observed small differences were always found to be smaller than the reproducibility published in the actual EN 14111.
For informative purposes only, but not for cases of dispute, EN 14331 [5] may also be used to extract the FAME contents from FAME containing diesel fuels (like B5, B7, B30, etc.) and to use the contents of the individual FAME components from this method as data entry for the calculation specified in this European Standard.
In principle, other fatty acid alkyl esters can also be analysed. However, neither the close correlation to the titration method EN 14111 has been verified nor is any precision information available for such an extension of application range.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this European Standard, the term "% (m/m)" is used to represent the mass fraction, µ, of a material.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the content of undissolved substances, referred to as total contamination, in middle distillates, in diesel fuels containing up to 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The working range is from 12 mg/kg to 26 mg/kg and it was established in an interlaboratory study by applying EN ISO 4259-1 [4].
This document in general is applicable to products having a kinematic viscosity not exceeding 8 mm2/s at 20 °C, or 5 mm2/s at 40 °C.
This test method can be used for paraffinic diesel fuels as specified in EN 15940, for diesel fuels containing more than 30 % (V/V) FAME and for petroleum products having a kinematic viscosity exceeding 8 mm2/s at 20 °C, or 5 mm2/s at 40 °C, however in such cases the precision of the test method has not been determined.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction, φ, of a material.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the vibrating screen method. The method described is meant for particulate biofuels only, namely, materials that either have been reduced in size, such as most wood fuels, or are physically in a particulate form. This document applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and below (e.g. sawdust).
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the horizontally oscillating screen method. It applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and above, e.g. wood chips, hog fuel, olive stones.
The method is intended to characterize material up to a particle size class (P) of P63. For larger P-classes and PL-classes, the characterization is mainly done by hand sorting.
NOTE The definitions and specifications of P- and PL-classes are given in ISO 17225-1, ISO 17225-4 and ISO 17225-9.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the content of undissolved substances, referred to as total contamination, in neat fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The working range is from 5 mg/kg to 27 mg/kg and it was established in an interlaboratory study by applying EN ISO 4259-1 [1].
This document in general is applicable to FAME having a kinematic viscosity not exceeding 8 mm2/s at 20 °C, or 5 mm2/s at 40 °C, e.g. as specified in EN 14214 [2].
This test method can be used for FAME having a kinematic viscosity exceeding 8 mm2/s at 20 °C, or 5 mm2/s at 40 °C, however in such cases the precision of the test method has not been determined.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction, φ, of a material.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and method used to determine particle size distribution of disintegrated pellets. It is applicable for pellets that fully disintegrate in hot water.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document in its entirety defines the general requirements and specifications for fuels used in marine diesel engines and boilers, prior to onboard fuel handling (storage, settling, centrifuging, filtration, heating) before use. For the purposes of this document, the term “fuels” comprises of the following: — hydrocarbons from petroleum crude oil, oil sands and shale oil; — synthetic hydrocarbons, renewable hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons from recycled sources, with molecular structures that are indistinguishable from petroleum hydrocarbons; — fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), where permitted as specified in this document; — blends of any of the above, where permitted as specified in this document. The general requirements and specifications for fuels in this document can also be applied to fuels used in stationary diesel engines of the same or similar type as those used for marine purposes. This document specifies seven categories of distillate fuels, one of which is for diesel engines used for emergency purposes. It also specifies four categories of residual fuels for sulfur content at or below 0,50 % by mass, five categories of residual fuels containing FAME and five categories of residual fuels for sulfur content exceeding 0,50 % by mass.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard45 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the determination of the share of material recovery in the case of energy recovery (i.e. co-processing) of solid recovered fuels (SRFs), for example, in a cement kiln. This share, called the recycling index (R-index), is calculated on the basis of the ash content and the ash composition.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and method used to determine particle size distribution of disintegrated pellets. It is applicable for pellets that fully disintegrate in hot water.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard9 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the horizontally oscillating screen method. It applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and above, e.g. wood chips, hog fuel, olive stones. The method is intended to characterize material up to a particle size class (P) of P63. For larger P-classes and PL-classes, the characterization is mainly done by hand sorting. NOTE The definitions and specifications of P- and PL-classes are given in ISO 17225-1, ISO 17225-4 and ISO 17225-9.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the vibrating screen method. The method described is meant for particulate biofuels only, namely, materials that either have been reduced in size, such as most wood fuels, or are physically in a particulate form. This document applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and below (e.g. sawdust).
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a calculation procedure for the determination of iodine value (“CIV” - “calculated iodine value”) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to be used either as automotive fuel for diesel engines as specified in EN 14214 [2] or heating fuel or as an extender for automotive fuel for diesel engines as specified in EN 590 [3]. This procedure does not apply to Ethyl esters or esters made from fish oil and mixtures thereof.
The calculation procedure is applicable to methyl esters between C6 and C24:1. The calculation procedure uses as data entry the results from the gas chromatography determination (GC) according to EN 14103 of individual fatty acid methyl esters and is based on AOCS recommended practice Cd 1c - 85 for the determination of the iodine value of edible oil from its fatty acid composition. It is important to recognize that the latest version of EN 14103 is intended to be used for the determination of individual FAME components.
NOTE 1 Experience from the field and from several precision evaluation campaigns in Germany and elsewhere indicates that the results of the determination of iodine value by the calculation specified here are very close to results obtained by titration with Wijs solvent according to EN 14111 [1]. Observed small differences were always found to be smaller than the reproducibility published in the actual EN 14111.
For informative purposes only, but not for cases of dispute, EN 14331 [4] can also be used to extract the FAME contents from FAME containing diesel fuels (like B5, B7, B30, etc.) and to use the contents of the individual FAME components from this method as data entry for the calculation specified in this document.
This calculation method can be used only if the evaluated sample fulfils the requirement for ester content as reported in EN 14214.
The precision statement of this test method was determined by calculation from a Round Robin exercise with iodine values in the range of 16 g iodine/100 g to 126 g iodine/100 g.
The test method is also applicable for higher iodine values; however, the precision statement is not established for iodine values above 126 g iodine/100 g.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent the mass fraction.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 18847:2016 specifies the method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardized to enable comparative determinations to be made.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of the share of material recovery in the case of energy recovery (i.e. co-processing) of solid recovered fuels (SRFs), for example, in a cement kiln. This share, called the recycling index (R-index), is calculated on the basis of the ash content and the ash composition.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 18134-2:2017 describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and is used when the highest precision is not needed, e.g. for routine production control on site. The method described in ISO 18134 (all parts) is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardized to enable comparative determinations to be made.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the detailed classification of marine fuels within class F (fuels). It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 8216-99. NOTE Class F for fuels was originally defined as part of the method of classification for petroleum products given in ISO 8681.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardized to enable comparative determinations to be made.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), with LPG defined as low pressure liquefied gas composed of one or more light hydrocarbons which are assigned to UN 1011, 1075, 1965, 1969 or 1978 only and which consists mainly of propane, propene, butane, butane isomers, butenes with traces of other hydrocarbon gases.
This standard is applicable to automotive LPG for use in LPG engine vehicles designed to run on automotive LPG.
NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
WARNING - Attention is drawn to the risk of fire and explosion when handling LPG and to the hazard to health arising through inhalation of excessive amounts of LPG.
LPG is a highly volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is normally stored under pressure. If the pressure is released large volumes of gas will be produced which form flammable mixtures with air over the range of approximately 2 % (V/V) to 10 % (V/V). This European Standard involves the sampling, handling and testing of LPG. Naked flames, unprotected electrical equipment electrostatic hazards etc. are sources of ignition for LPG.
LPG in liquid form can cause cold burns to the skin. The national health and safety regulations apply.
LPG is heavier than air and accumulates in cavities. There is a danger of suffocation when inhaling high concentrations of LPG.
CAUTION - One of the tests described in this European Standard involves the operator inhaling a mixture of air and LPG vapour. Particular attention is drawn to the cautionary statement provided in A.1, where this method is referred to.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of determining the moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and is used when the highest precision is not needed, e.g. for routine production control on site. The method described in this document is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).
NOTE Biomass materials can contain small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) which can evaporate when determining moisture content by oven drying (see References [1] and [2]). The release of such compounds is quite small relative to the overall moisture content as determined by this method and is disregarded in this document.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of determining the moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and is used when the highest precision is not needed, e.g. for routine production control on site. The method described in this document is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis). NOTE Biomass materials can contain small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) which can evaporate when determining moisture content by oven drying (see References [1] and [2]). The release of such compounds is quite small relative to the overall moisture content as determined by this method and is disregarded in this document.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for determining the moisture in the general analysis test sample of coke. It can be used for the determination of moisture in blast-furnace coke, foundry-coke and other high-temperature carbonization products.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive LPG (commonly known as low pressure gas or liquefied petroleum gas).
This document is applicable to automotive LPG for use in LPG engine vehicles designed to run on automotive LPG.
NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
WARNING - Attention is drawn to the risk of fire and explosion when handling LPG and to the hazard to health arising through inhalation of excessive amounts of LPG.
LPG is a highly volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is normally stored under pressure. If the pressure is released large volumes of gas will be produced which form flammable mixtures with air over the range of approximately 2 % (V/V) to 10 % (V/V). This European Standard involves the sampling, handling and testing of LPG. Naked flames, unprotected electrical equipment electrostatic hazards etc. are sources of ignition for LPG.
LPG in liquid form can cause cold burns to the skin. National health and safety regulations can apply.
LPG is heavier than air and accumulates in cavities. There is a danger of suffocation when inhaling high concentrations of LPG.
CAUTION - One of the tests described in this document involves the operator inhaling a mixture of air and LPG vapour. Particular attention is drawn to the cautionary statement provided in A.1, where this method is referred to.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and of blends thereof with up to 7%(V/V) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to European fuel specifications. It provides background information to judge the final text of the European Standard EN 15940 and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel.
Paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable content in transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to the development of EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case, composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
- Technical report51 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document explains the requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment. Synthesis refers to XTL processes where X refers to various feedstocks for example Gas (G), Biomass (B) or Coal (C) and TL stands for To-Liquid. Hydrotreatment of vegetable oils and animal fats yield Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO). Paraffinic diesel fuel can be blended with up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). This document provides background information to the final text of EN 15940 [1] and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel fuel.
Paraffinic diesel fuel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration is needed. Some types of paraffinic diesel fuel, at present notably HVO, can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable content in the transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine operation, durability and warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel needs a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines still needs to be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case, composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Technical report51 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the distillation characteristics of light and middle distillates derived from petroleum and related products of synthetic or biological origin with initial boiling points above 20 °C and end-points below approximately 400 °C, at atmospheric pressure utilizing an automatic micro distillation apparatus.
This test method is applicable to such products as; light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 20 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, (paraffinic) diesel fuels, FAME (B100), diesel blends up to 30 % fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), special petroleum spirits, naphtha’s, white spirits, kerosene’s, burner fuels, and marine fuels.
The test method is also applicable to hydrocarbons with a narrow boiling range, like organic solvents or oxygenated compounds.
The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate products; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of cetane numbers (“CN”) in diesel fuel, using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, indirect injection engine. The cetane number provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuels in compression ignition engines. The cetane number is determined at constant speed in a compression ignition test engine equipped with a swirl chamber.
The cetane number scale covers the range from zero to 100, but typical testing is performed in the range from about 40 CN to about 75 CN. The precision of this test method covers the range from 44 CN to about 66 CN.
This document is applicable to distillate as well as paraffinic diesel fuels intended for use in diesel engines, including those containing fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME), ignition-improvers or other diesel fuel additives.
This engine test procedure may be used for other fuels such as synthetics and vegetable oils. However, samples with fuel properties that interfere with the gravity-based pre-supply pressure to the fuel pump e.g. due to high viscosity can only be used to a limited extent. Precision data for such fuels are not available at this stage. Precision data for paraffinic diesel fuels are currently under development.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR), for assessing the lubricating property of diesel fuels, including those fuels which could contain a lubricity-enhancing additive. It defines two methods for measurement of the wear scar; Method "A" — Digital camera, and Method "B" — Visual observation.
This test method applies to fuels used in diesel engines.
NOTE It is not known if this test method will predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations, including paraffinic fuels for which no additional correlation testing has been performed. Nevertheless, no data has been presented to suggest that such fuels are not within scope.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the distillation characteristics of light and middle distillates derived from petroleum and related products of synthetic or biological origin with initial boiling points above 20 °C and end-points below approximately 400 °C, at atmospheric pressure utilizing an automatic micro distillation apparatus.
This test method is applicable to such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 20 % (V/V) ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, (paraffinic) diesel fuels, FAME (B100), diesel blends up to 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), special petroleum spirits, naphtha’s, white spirits, kerosene’s, burner fuels, and marine fuels.
The test method is also applicable to hydrocarbons with a narrow boiling range, like organic solvents or oxygenated compounds.
The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate products; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.
NOTE For the purpose of this document, the expression "% (V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of cetane numbers ("CN") of diesel fuels, using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, indirect injection engine. The cetane number provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuels in compression ignition engines. The cetane number is determined at constant speed in a compression ignition test engine equipped with a swirl chamber.
The cetane number scale covers the range from 0 to 100, but typical testing is performed in the CN range from about 40 to about 75. The precision of this test method covers the CN range from 44 to about 66.
This document is applicable to distillate as well as paraffinic diesel fuels intended for use in diesel engines, including those containing up to a volume fraction of 10 % fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME), ignition-improvers or other diesel fuel additives.
When this engine test procedure is used for other fuels such as synthetics and vegetable oils, samples with fuel properties that interfere with the gravity-based pre-supply pressure to the fuel pump e.g. due to high viscosity can only be used to a limited extent. Precision data for such fuels are not available at this stage.
NOTE The test method is also suitable for determining cetane numbers outside the range of the scope; however, the precision statement only applies for fuels in the specified range.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the document, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an analytical method for quantification of the spontaneous heat generation from solid recovered fuels using isothermal calorimetry.
This document gives guidance on the applicability and use of the specified analytical method. It further establishes procedures for sampling and sample handling of solid recovered fuels prior to the analysis of spontaneous heat generation.
The test procedure given in this document quantifies the thermal power (heat flow) of the sample during the test. It does not identify the source of self-heating in the test portion analysed.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) with a digital camera, for assessing the lubricating property of petroleum-based middle distillate fuels, paraffinic diesel fuels, and biodiesel blends, with or without lubricity enhancing additives, and with HFRR wear scar diameters (WSDs) of 350 μm to 700 μm.
This test method applies to fuels used in diesel engines.
NOTE It is not known if this test method can predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides best practices on the calculation and use of an informative indicator for the characterization of fossil residual marine fuels not containing FAME as defined in ISO 8217. This document is based on established guidance used by the petroleum industry to characterize petroleum fractions in terms of their paraffinic, naphthenic or aromatic nature, by their viscosity-gravity constant.
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- Technical report13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) with a digital camera, for assessing the lubricating property of petroleum-based middle distillate fuels, paraffinic diesel fuels, and biodiesel blends, with or without lubricity enhancing additives, and with HFRR wear scar diameters (WSDs) of 350 μm to 700 μm. This test method applies to fuels used in diesel engines. NOTE It is not known if this test method can predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations.
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- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies an analytical method for quantification of the spontaneous heat generation from solid recovered fuels using isothermal calorimetry.
This document gives guidance on the applicability and use of the specified analytical method. It further establishes procedures for sampling and sample handling of solid recovered fuels prior to the analysis of spontaneous heat generation.
The test procedure given in this document quantifies the thermal power (heat flow) of the sample during the test. It does not identify the source of self-heating in the test portion analysed.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and test methods for barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes for use in barbecue appliances.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which can occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.
Barbecue charcoal in accordance with this document refers to the solid remainder of dry distillation of wood or other vegetable matter.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the safety, performance, consumer packaging and marking requirements including the test methods for firelighters used to light solid fuels in barbecue and grill appliances.
This document covers firelighters supplied as either solid, liquid, thickened liquid or gel formulations. However, the use of highly flammable liquids (except in stabilised formulations) is specifically excluded from the scope of this document as their use as barbecue firelighters is regarded as highly dangerous.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which may occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to single use barbecues which burn solid fuels.
This document specifies requirements for materials, construction, design and test methods to ensure safe use and satisfactory performance.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which may occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.
This document deals with the reasonably foreseeable hazards presented by single-use barbecues when used by adults. Very vulnerable people can have needs that go beyond the level of safety addressed in this document.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 18134-3:2015 describes the method of determining the moisture in the analysis test sample by drying in an oven. It is intended to be used for general analysis samples in accordance with EN 14780. The method described in this part of ISO 18134-3:2015 is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).
Since biofuels in small particle size are very hygroscopic, their moisture content will change with humidity in the atmosphere and therefore, the moisture of the test portion is determined simultaneously with determination of for example calorific value, carbon content, and nitrogen content.
NOTE The term moisture content when used with biomass materials can be misleading since untreated biomass frequently contains varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which can evaporate when determining the moisture content by oven drying (see References [1] and [2]).
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This document specifies requirements on petrol fuel for use as fuel in small engines, together with the methods to be applied for testing these properties.
This document specifies requirements for two types of petrol fuel being low in aromatics and sulphur: one type for use in four-stroke engines with separate lubrication and one mixed petrol fuel type for use in mixture-lubricated engines.
Testing the properties of the added engine oil is out of the scope of this document.
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This European Standard specifies a procedure for the determination of dry residue in ethanol by gravimetric (desiccation) method in the range (10 to 25) mg/100 ml.
NOTE In an interlaboratory study [2] the method described has been tested at levels down to 3,5 mg/100 ml, but the precision appeared to be insufficient at such low levels.
WARNING - Use of this document may involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use, but it is the responsibility of the user to search and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the safety, performance, consumer packaging and marking requirements including the test methods for firelighters used to light solid fuels in barbecue and grill appliances.
This document covers firelighters supplied as either solid, liquid, thickened liquid or gel formulations. However, the use of highly flammable liquids (except in stabilized formulations) is specifically excluded from the scope of this document as their use as barbecue firelighters is regarded as highly dangerous.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which may occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day