77.080.20 - Steels
ICS 77.080.20 Details
Steels
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of niobium in steels.
The method is applicable to all grades of steels with niobium contents up to 1,3 % (by mass), with a lower limit of detection of 0,002 % (by mass).
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steels.
The method is primarily intended for the determination of total nitrogen in very low contents in non-alloy steels.
It can be used, however, for any low nitrogen ferrous alloy that is soluble in hydrochloric acid provided that the acid-resistant form of silicon nitride is not present. This highly resistant nitride has been found only in samples of silicon steels manufactured without aluminium addition and then only in sheet material.
The method is applicable to nitrogen contents from 0.000 5 % (by mass) to 0.005 % (by mass).
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IS0 9692 applies to types of joint preparation for submerged arc welding with one wire electrode (process 121 according to IS0 4063) on steel.
This part of IS0 9692 covers only the welding positions PA and PB according to IS0 6947. In case PC is used, special preparation will be necessary.
It applies to fully penetrated welds. For partly penetrated welds, types of joint preparation, shapes and dimensions may differ from the listed proposals if they are specified in the relevant application standard or agreed by parties concerned.
If the root is welded by a different arc welding process (see IS0 40631, the joint preparation according to IS0 9692 should be taken into account.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 3887:2017 defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of decarburization of steel products.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and
most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other
ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document presents a list of common practices in preparation methods of metallographic specimens for optical and scanning electron microscopy, including preliminary preparation, grinding and polishing of specimens as well as microstructure revelation methods covering the optical method, etching methods (chemical, electrolytic, constant potential, ion sputtering and high temperature relieving) and the interface layer method [1][2].
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms relating to methods of the determination of the chemical composition of steel and steel products.
- Technical specification48 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 18203:2016 specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of the vanadium content in steel.
The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 0,01 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction), provided that the tungsten content in a 1,0 g test portion is not higher than 1,0 % and/or the titanium content is not higher than 0,5 %.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of the cobalt content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to cobalt contents between 0,003 % (m/m) and 5,0 % (m/m).
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of converting room temperature percentage elongations after
fracture obtained on various proportional and non-proportional gauge lengths to other gauge lengths.
Formula (1), on which conversions are based, is considered to be reliable when applied to austenitic
stainless steels within the tensile strength range 450 to 750 N/mm2 and in the solution treated
condition.
These conversions are not applicable to:
a) cold reduced steels;
b) quenched and tempered steels;
c) non-austenitic steels.
These conversions are not applicable when the gauge length exceeds 25 0S or where the width to
thickness ratio of the test piece exceeds 20.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of converting room temperature percentage elongations after
fracture obtained on various proportional and non-proportional gauge lengths to other gauge lengths.
Formula (1), on which conversions are based, is considered to be reliable when applied to carbon,
carbon manganese, molybdenum and chromium molybdenum steels within the tensile strength range
300 N/mm2 to 700 N/mm2 and in the hot-rolled, hot-rolled and normalized or annealed conditions, with
or without tempering.
These conversions are not applicable to:
a) cold reduced steels;
b) quenched and tempered steels;
c) austenitic steels.
These conversions are not applicable when the gauge length exceeds 25 S0 or where the width to
thickness ratio of the test piece exceeds 20.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass fraction).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method for the verification of models for the determination of the property data of steels and the validation of the modelling process. It is applicable where modelling of mechanical or physical properties is used to substitute conventional testing for specific inspection. Models can be based on statistical data, thermo-physical data or indirect measurement (e.g. measurement of magnetic or ultrasonic data), or a combination of these methods.
This document applies only for providing the properties of rolled and/or heat-treated products such as plates, sheets, strip, sections and bars.
This document is used to demonstrate the ability of the model to supply property data which is equivalent to data, measured by conventional testing.
Any self-learning system is excluded from the scope.
NOTE A self-learning, in the spirit of an auto-adaptive model, is a model which changes its internal parameters by itself.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for
the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass
fraction).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method for the verification and validation of models for the determination of the property data of steels. It is applicable where modelling of mechanical or physical properties is used to substitute conventional testing for specific inspection. Models can
be based on statistical data, thermo-physical data or indirect measurement (e.g. measurement of magnetic or ultrasonic data).
This document applies only for verification and validation of models for providing the properties of rolled or heat treated products such as plates, sheets, strip, sections, bars, etc.
This document is used to demonstrate the ability of the model to supply property data which is equivalent to data, which is measured by conventional testing.
NOTE: Validation of models is part of auditing the quality management system performed by an independent body.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel. The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass fraction).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons. NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
EN-ISO 643 specifies a micrographic method of determining apparent ferritic oraustenitic grain size in steels. It describes the methods of revealing grainboundaries and of estimating the mean grain size of specimens with unimodal sizedistribution. Although grains are three-dimensional in shape, the metallographicsectioning plane can cut through a grain at any point from a grain corner, tothe maximum diameter of the grain, thus producing a range of apparent grainsizes on the two-dimensional plane, even in a sample with a perfectly consistentgrain size.
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- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of calcium content in non-alloy and low alloy steels.
The method is applicable to calcium contents between 0,000 4 % and 0,012 %.
The method can be adapted to higher calcium contents by changing the test portion or the dilution process, provided the criteria in 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 are still met.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of lead content in non-alloy and low alloy steels.
The method is applicable to lead contents between 0,005 % and 0,5 %.
The method can be adapted to lower or higher lead contents by changing the test portion or the dilution process, provided the criteria in 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 are still met.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Working Draft specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of the chromium content (mass fraction) between 5,0 % (m/m) and 27,0 % (m/m) in alloyed steels.
The method doesn't apply to alloyed steels having niobium and/or tungsten contents higher than 0,1 %.
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of the chromium content (mass fraction) between 5,0 % (m/m) and 27,0 % (m/m) in alloyed steels.
The method doesn't apply to alloyed steels having carbon contents higher than 1 % and niobium and/or tungsten contents higher than 0,1 %.
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steel.
The method is applicable to the determination of nitrogen mass fraction between 0,000 6 % and 0,050 % in low alloy steels and between 0,010 % and 0,050 % in high alloy steels.
The method does not apply to samples containing silicon nitrides or having silicon contents higher than 0,6 %.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steel.
The method is applicable to the determination of nitrogen mass fraction between 0,000 6 % and
0,050 % in low alloy steels and between 0,010 % and 0,050 % in high alloy steels.
The method does not apply to samples containing silicon nitrides or having silicon contents higher
than 0,6 %.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard applies to welded wrought steel enclosures pressurised with dry air, inert gases, for example sulphur hexafluoride or nitrogen or a mixture of such gases, used in indoor and outdoor installations of high-voltage switchgear and controlgear with rated voltages above 1kV, where the gas is used principally for its dielectric and/or arc-quenching properties with rated voltages.
- above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV and with gas-filled compartments with design pressure higher than 300 kPa relative pressure (gauge);
- and with rated voltage above 52 kV.
The enclosures comprise parts of electrical equipment not necessarily limited to the following examples:
- circuit-breakers;
- switch-disconnectors;
- disconnectors;
- earthing switches;
- current transformers;
- voltage transformers;
- surge arrestors;
- busbars and connections;
- etc.
The scope also covers enclosures of pressurized components such as the centre chamber of live tank switchgear, gas-insulated current transformers, etc.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies guidelines and requirements for conducting life cycle inventory (LCI) studies of steel products reflecting steel's capacity for closed-loop recycling, including: a) specification of the functional unit used for LCI calculation of steel products; b) definition of the system boundaries used for LCI calculation of steel products; c) evaluation of scrap in LCI calculation of steel products; d) evaluation of co-products in LCI calculation of steel products; e) reporting of LCI calculation results of steel products. The application of LCI results, including life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), is outside the scope of this document.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steel. The method is applicable to the determination of nitrogen mass fraction between 0,000 6 % and 0,050 % in low alloy steels and between 0,010 % and 0,050 % in high alloy steels. The method does not apply to samples containing silicon nitrides or having silicon contents higher than 0,6 %.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 9606-1:2012 specifies the requirements for qualification testing of welders for fusion welding of steels.
It provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and enables such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and examiner or examining body.
When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welder's ability manually to manipulate the electrode, welding torch or welding blowpipe, thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality.
The welding processes referred to in ISO 9606-1:2012 include those fusion-welding processes which are designated as manual or partly mechanized welding. It does not cover fully mechanized and automated welding processes.
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- Standard45 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the approach to be followed when developing procedures for the ultrasonic
testing of the following welds:
— welds in stainless steels;
— welds in nickel-based alloys;
— welds in duplex steels;
— dissimilar metal welds;
— austenitic welds.
The purposes of the testing can be very different, for example:
— for the assessment of quality level (manufacturing);
— for the detection of specific discontinuities induced in service.
Acceptance levels are not included in this document, but can be applied in accordance with the scope of
the testing (see 4.1).
The requirements of this document are applicable to both manual and mechanized testing.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This draft European Standard defines a method of microscopic non-metallic endogenous inclusion assessment using picture charts.
The method does not apply to particles of a length or diameter less than 3,0 µm or a width smaller than 2,0 µm. If defined by a product standard or agreement between the involved parties for certain special products, inclusions with a width below 2,0 µm can be evaluated by length alone.Inclusions with dimensions exceeding the upper limits in Table 2 are evaluated as belonging to the maximum class and noted separately with their true dimensions (see 7.5.6).
It is assumed, if particles are elongated or if there are stringers of particles, that they are parallel to each other. Other arrangements are not covered by this draft standard. This draft European Standard applies to samples with a microscopic precipitation approaching random distribution.
From the data of measurements obtained by this method, evaluation according to other standards can be established.
This draft European Standard does not apply to free cutting steels.
NOTE The basic principle of this draft European Standard allows the determination of non-metallic inclusion content by image analysis techniques.
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This European Standard is part of a series of standards, details of this series are given in prEN ISO 15607, annex A.
This standard specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
This standard defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the range of variables listed in clause 8.
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with this standard. Additional tests may be required by application standards.
This standard applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms
Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes in accordance with EN ISO 4063:
111 - manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode);
114 - self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
12 - submerged arc welding;
131 - metal inert gas welding, MIG welding;
135 - metal active gas welding, MAG welding;
136 - tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield;
137 - tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield;
141 - tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding;
15 - plasma arc welding;
311 - oxy-acetylene welding.
The principles of this European Standard may be applied to other fusion welding processes.
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- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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ISO/TS 7705:2017 gives guidelines for specifying Charpy V-notch impact prescriptions in steel specifications.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
1.1 This European Standard specifies rules for designating steels by means of symbolic letters and numbers to express application and principal characteristics, e.g. mechanical, physical, chemical, so as to provide an abbreviated identification of steels.
NOTE In the English language the designations covered by this European Standard are known as “steel names”; in the French language as “designation symbolique”; in the German language as “Kurznamen”.
1.2 This European Standard applies to steels specified in European Standards (EN), Technical Specifications (TS), Technical Reports (TR) and CEN member's national standards.
1.3 These rules may be applied to non-standardized steels.
1.4 A system of numerical designation of steels known as steel numbers is specified in EN 10027 2.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 This European Standard specifies rules for designating steels by means of symbolic letters and numbers to express application and principal characteristics, e.g. mechanical, physical, chemical, so as to provide an abbreviated identification of steels.
NOTE In the English language the designations covered by this European Standard are known as “steel names”; in the French language as “designation symbolique”; in the German language as “Kurznamen”.
1.2 This European Standard applies to steels specified in European Standards (EN), Technical Specifications (TS), Technical Reports (TR) and CEN member's national standards.
1.3 These rules may be applied to non-standardized steels.
1.4 A system of numerical designation of steels known as steel numbers is specified in EN 10027 2.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO/TS 4949:2016 specifies rules for the designation of internationally standardized steel grades by means of symbolic letters and numbers to express application and principal characteristics (e.g. mechanical, physical, chemical) so as to provide an abbreviated identification of steel grades. NOTE 1 In order to avoid ambiguity, the principal symbols established according to this document can be supplemented by additional symbols identifying additional characteristics of the steel or steel product, e.g. suitability for use at high or low temperatures, surface condition, treatment condition, deoxidation. NOTE 2 These rules can also be applied to nationally or regionally standardized steels.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of nickel content (mass fraction) between 5,0 % (m/m) and 25,0 % (m/m) in alloyed steels.
The method doesn't apply to alloyed steels having Niobium and/or Tungsten contents higher than 0,1 %.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets out a numbering system, referred to as steel numbers, for the designation of steel grades. It deals with the structure of steel numbers and the organization for their registration, allocation and dissemination. Such steel numbers are complementary to steel names set out in EN 10027-1.
Application of this European Standard is obligatory for steels specified in European Standards. Application is optional for national steels and proprietary steels.
NOTE Although the scope of the systems is limited to steel, it is structured so as to be capable of being extended to include other industrially produced materials.
Steel numbers established according to this system have a fixed number of digits (see 5). They are better suited for data processing than steel names established according to EN 10027-1.
For steels specified in European Standards the application for allocation of steel numbers (see A.6 to A.9) is the responsibility of the ECISS Technical Committee concerned. For national steel grades, the responsibility is that of the national competent body.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets out a numbering system, referred to as steel numbers, for the designation of steel grades. It deals with the structure of steel numbers and the organization for their registration, allocation and dissemination. Such steel numbers are complementary to steel names set out in EN 10027-1.
Application of this European Standard is obligatory for steels specified in European Standards. Application is optional for national steels and proprietary steels.
NOTE Although the scope of the systems is limited to steel, it is structured so as to be capable of being extended to include other industrially produced materials.
Steel numbers established according to this system have a fixed number of digits (see 5). They are better suited for data processing than steel names established according to EN 10027-1.
For steels specified in European Standards the application for allocation of steel numbers (see A.6 to A.9) is the responsibility of the ECISS Technical Committee concerned. For national steel grades, the responsibility is that of the national competent body.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report provides recommendations for post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of steels with
recommendations for holding temperatures and holding times for different materials and material thicknesses.
These recommendations are limited to stress relieving and are independent of type of product or location.
The recommendations do not supersede any guidance given in material supplier specifications, e.g.
thermomechanically treated fine-grain steels.
This Technical Report does not specify when PWHT is required. Such requirements are given in product
standards, material specifications or material data sheets.
- Technical report18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report specifies an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of selenium in steels.
The method is applicable to selenium contents between 0,000 4 % (m/m) and 0,02 % (m/m).
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report specifies an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of selenium in steels.
The method is applicable to selenium contents between 0,000 4 % (m/m) and 0,02 % (m/m).
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry routine method for the analysis of unalloyed and low alloyed steels, whose iron content shall be at least 95 %. This standard differs from the similar standard EN 10351:2011 in that it is optimised for the determination of silicon. This method is applicable to the elements listed in Table 1 within the ranges shown. The sample preparation described may not completely dissolve samples having a combination of high chromium and substantial carbon. Incomplete dissolution may also affect the determination of manganese and molybdenum in these samples. For this reason, the scope of the method is limited to chromium contents ≤ 0,9 %, whereas the scope of EN 10351 covers a range of up to 1,6 % chromium.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard provides quality levels of imperfections in laser-arc hybrid welded joints for all types of steel, nickel and its alloys. Three quality levels are given in order to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose (see 3.2) of the product manufactured.
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ISO 404:2013 specifies the general technical delivery requirements for all steel products covered by ISO 6929, with the exception of steel castings and powder metallurgical products. ISO 10474 describes the inspection documents to be used. Where the delivery requirements agreed upon for the order or specified in the appropriate product or material standard differ from the general technical delivery requirements defined in ISO 404:2013, then it is the requirements agreed for ordering or specified in the appropriate product or material standard that apply.
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This European Standard specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of boron in steels. The method is applicable to non-alloyed and alloyed steels with boron contents of 0,000 4 to 0,012 0 % (m/m).
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ISO 17054:2010 specifies a procedure on how to improve the performance of a routine X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) method, already in use for analysis of high alloy steels, by using a "near by technique". The "near by technique" requires at least one target sample (preferably a CRM) of a similar composition as the unknown sample.
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