85.040 - Pulps
ICS 85.040 Details
Pulps
Cellulose
Pâtes a papier
Vlaknine
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This document specifies a method for the determination of stickies and non-tacky polymeric contaminants present in pulp or paper sheets near-infrared measurement. This document is applicable to recycled pulps and papers. Sampling of pulp and paper as well as the preparation of handsheets are outside the scope of this document.
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This document describes the general procedure for measuring the diffuse radiance factor of all types of pulp, paper and board. More particularly, it specifies in detail the procedures to be used for calibrating the equipment, and in Annex A, the characteristics of the equipment to be used for such measurements. This document can be used to measure the diffuse radiance factors and related properties of materials containing fluorescent whitening agents, provided that the UV-content of the instrument illumination has been adjusted to give the same level of fluorescence as a fluorescent reference standard for a selected CIE illuminant, according to the International Standard describing the measurement of the property in question. Annex C describes the preparation of fluorescent reference standards.
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This document describes methods for the determination of the dry matter content of lignins by oven-drying and freeze-drying. The methods are applicable to all types of lignins isolated from kraft, organosolv, soda, and sulfite pulping processes, and to lignin obtained by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of biomass. However, the oven-drying method is not applicable to kraft lignins in the base form, also referred to as sodium form. Both methods are applicable only to lignins in the solid form.
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This method describes procedures for the determination of inorganics content in kraft, soda, and hydrolysis lignin. The method is applicable to lignin isolated from a kraft pulping process, a soda pulping process, or lignin obtained by hydrolysis of biomass. For kraft lignin in the acid form, soda lignin, and hydrolysis lignin, the inorganics content is determined from the ash content of the sample. For kraft lignin in the base form, the inorganics content is determined from the sum of the contents of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, sodium and potassium.
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This document provides guidelines for the laboratory refining of various pulps intended for paper production including: — Harmonization of terms and parameters for the simulation of industrial refining processes by laboratory refiners; — Treatment of pulp samples in a (semi) continuous operation in contrast to the batch operation of laboratory beating equipment such as the PFI mill; — Evaluation of fibres for papermaking, in particular chemical market pulps, under close-to-reality conditions in terms of refining intensity and refining energy consumption. This document only considers refiners operating at low stock concentration, i.e. 3 % to 5 %.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by hot water from a sample of paper, board or pulp.
This document is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulp.
As the quantity of extractable ionic material approaches zero, as in the case of highly purified pulps, the precision of the method becomes poor because of the difficulties encountered in making pH measurements on water containing little electrolytic material.
Since the extraction in this document is performed with distilled or deionised water, the pH-value measured can sometimes be different (e.g. fully bleached pulp) from the pH-value measured under mill process conditions in which various types of process waters, such as chemically treated river water containing electrolytes, are used. In such cases, ISO 29681 can be used instead, as it is specifically applicable to bleached pulps from virgin fibres and to pulp samples having a low ionic strength for which the pH value gives more realistic results related to mill conditions than those obtained with this document. For cellulosic papers used for electrical purposes, the method used can be that given in IEC 60554-2[5].
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the conductivity of aqueous extracts of paper, board or pulp, these extracts having been prepared by a hot or cold method.
The method is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulps, except for papers used for electrical purposes. For high purity papers used for electrical purposes, see method given in EN 60554‑2.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by cold water from a sample of paper, board or pulp.
This document is applicable to all types of paper, board and pulp.
As the quantity of extractable ionic material approaches zero, as in the case of highly purified pulps, the precision of the method becomes poor because of the difficulties encountered in making pH measurements on water containing little electrolytic material.
Since the extraction in this document is performed with distilled or deionised water, the pH-value measured can sometimes be different (e.g. for fully bleached pulp) from the pH-value measured under mill process conditions, in which various types of process waters, such as chemically treated river water containing electrolytes, are used. In such cases, ISO 29681 can be used instead, as it is specifically applicable to bleached pulps from virgin fibres and to pulp samples having a low ionic strength for which the pH value gives more realistic results related to mill conditions than those obtained with this document.
For cellulosic papers used for electrical purposes, the method used can be that given in IEC 60554‑2[5].
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This document specifies the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing pulp, paper and board, the conditioning procedure and the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.
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This document specifies a method for determining the bacteria, yeast and mould population on the surface of paper and paperboard. The enumeration relates to specific media. This document is applicable to all kinds of paper and paperboard, to dry market pulp in sheet form and to packaging material.
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This document specifies an apparatus and the procedures for the laboratory wet disintegration of mechanical pulps that exhibit latency except when brightness is measured. This apparatus and procedure can be used for preparation of the test portion in other International Standards dealing with pulps.
This document is applicable to all kind of mechanical pulps (i.e. mechanical, semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical pulps) exhibiting latency.
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This document describes a procedure for the determination of sulphide, i.e. the hydrosulphide ion concentration, in white, oxidized white and green liquors, as well as in black liquor having a dry matter content up to 40 %. The determination also includes the sulphide part of any polysulphide present in the solution.
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This document describes a procedure for determining the content of residual alkali in Kraft black liquors having a dry matter content up to 40 %. The method is based on a potentiometric titration with hydrochloric acid and is intended for black liquor samples with an initial pH ≥ 11,0. The lower limit of determination is 0,1 g/l of eq. NaOH.
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This document specifies a potentiometric titration procedure for the determination of total, active and effective alkali in white and green liquors obtained and used in the kraft or sulphate pulping process. This document is not applicable for the analysis of liquors such as oxidized white liquors which contain significant amounts of polysulphides. The method given in this document is not intended for the determination of particular ionic species, such as sulphides or carbonates.
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This document specifies an apparatus and the procedures for the laboratory wet disintegration of mechanical pulps that exhibit latency except when brightness is measured. This apparatus and procedure can be used for preparation of the test portion in other International Standards dealing with pulps.
This document is applicable to all kind of mechanical pulps (i.e. mechanical, semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical pulps) exhibiting latency.
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This document specifies an apparatus and the procedures for the laboratory wet disintegration of mechanical pulps that exhibit latency except when brightness is measured. This apparatus and procedure can be used for preparation of the test portion in other International Standards dealing with pulps. This document is applicable to all kind of mechanical pulps (i.e. mechanical, semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical pulps) exhibiting latency.
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This document specifies the general procedure for fibre furnish analysis of paper, board and pulps. It is applicable to all kinds of pulps and to most papers and boards, including those containing more than one kind of fibre, taking into account different pulping processes. This method is less suitable for heavily impregnated or highly coloured papers and boards, which cannot be dispersed or decoloured without affecting the structure or the staining reactions of the fibres.
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This document specifies the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing pulp, paper and board,
the conditioning procedure and the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.
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This document describes the determination of the residue (ash content) on ignition of paper, board, pulps and cellulose nanomaterials at 525 °C. It is applicable to all types of paper, board, pulp and cellulose nanomaterial samples.
This document provides measurement procedures to obtain a measurement precision of 0,01 % or better for residue (ash content) on ignition at 525 °C.
Determination of residue (ash content) on ignition at 900 °C of paper, board, pulps and cellulose nanomaterials is described in ISO 2144.
In the context of this document, the term "cellulose nanomaterial" refers specifically to cellulose nano-object (see 3.2 to 3.4). Owing to their nanoscale dimensions, these cellulose nano-objects can have intrinsic properties, behaviours or functionalities that are distinct from those associated with paper, board and pulps.
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This document specifies two procedures for the preparation of laboratory sheets prior to measuring optical properties. One is the preparation of pads in a Büchner funnel using a filter paper or a wire screen and the other one is the preparation of laboratory sheets in a standard sheet former (conventional or Rapid Köthen). This document is applicable to all wood pulps and to most other types of pulp. It is not applicable to pulps with very long fibres, such as those made from unshortened cotton, flax and similar materials, unless they are reduced to a suitable fibre length (about 2 mm) before performing the methods. It is not applicable to recycled pulps (see ISO 21993). It is not applicable to opacity measurements or to the determination of light scattering and absorption coefficients.
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This document specifies the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing pulp, paper and board, the conditioning procedure and the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.
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This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in paper, board, pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials in solid form, which all can be produced from virgin and /or recycled materials.
It is also applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of paper and board for recycling.
The procedure is applicable to paper, board, and pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of pulp, paper, and board and cellulosic nanomaterial samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of dry matter content is required.
This method is not applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of slush pulp or to the determination of the saleable mass of pulp lots.
NOTE 1 ISO 638-2[1] specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content of suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials, ISO 287[2] specifies the determination of the moisture content of a lot of paper and board; ISO 4119[3] specifies the determination of stock concentration of pulps; the ISO 801 series[4] specifies the determination of the saleable mass in lots.
NOTE 2 This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids. If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material; in cases where the sample is filterable without loss of cellulosic solids, ISO 4119[3] can be used to determine the stock consistency (content of cellulosic material in solid form).
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This document specifies the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing pulp, paper and board, the conditioning procedure and the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.
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This document specifies the relevant International Standards used for the determination of physical
properties of laboratory sheets made of all types of pulps.
It is applicable to laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269-1, ISO 5269-2 or ISO 5269-3.
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This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials. The procedure is applicable to cellulosic nanomaterial suspensions which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of cellulosic nanomaterial suspensions samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of dry matter content is required.
NOTE This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids. If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material.
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This document specifies the relevant International Standards used for the determination of physical properties of laboratory sheets made of all types of pulps.
It is applicable to laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269‑1, ISO 5269‑2 or ISO 5269‑3.
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This document specifies the relevant International Standards used for the determination of physical properties of laboratory sheets made of all types of pulps. It is applicable to laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269‑1, ISO 5269‑2 or ISO 5269‑3.
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This document specifies a method of obtaining, for test purposes, a gross sample representative of a certain lot of pulp. This document applies to all kinds of pulp delivered in bales or rolls. It is intended for use when sampling for all kinds of testing purposes except for the determination of saleable mass, in which case other International Standards apply such as ISO 801-1 and ISO 801-2.
If, however, the pulp is to be tested for saleable mass in addition to other properties, the gross sample obtained according to the appropriate International Standard for sampling saleable mass can also be used for the other pulp property tests.
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This document describes a method for the determination of lignin content in kraft, soda, and hydrolysis lignin. The method is applicable to lignin isolated from a kraft pulping process, a soda pulping process, or lignin obtained by hydrolysis of biomass.
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This document describes a method for the determination of carbohydrate composition in kraft lignin, soda lignin and biorefinery lignin. The method is applicable to lignin isolated from a kraft pulping process, a soda pulping process, or lignin obtained by hydrolysis of biomass.
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This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in
paper, board, pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials in solid form, which all can be produced from virgin
and /or recycled materials.
It is also applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of paper and board for recycling.
The procedure is applicable to paper, board, and pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials which do not
contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of
105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of pulp, paper, and board and cellulosic nanomaterial
samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of
dry matter content is required.
This method is not applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of slush pulp or to the
determination of the saleable mass of pulp lots.
NOTE 1 ISO 638-2[1]
specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content of
suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials, ISO 287[2]
specifies the determination of the moisture content of a lot
of paper and board; ISO 4119[3]
specifies the determination of stock concentration of pulps; the ISO 801 series[4]
specifies the determination of the saleable mass in lots.
NOTE 2 This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids.
If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to
measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material; in
cases where the sample is filterable without loss of cellulosic solids, ISO 4119[3]
can be used to determine the
stock consistency (content of cellulosic material in solid form).
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This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content
in suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials. The procedure is applicable to cellulosic nanomaterial
suspensions which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are
volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of cellulosic nanomaterial
suspensions samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent
determination of dry matter content is required.
NOTE This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids.
If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to
measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material.
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This document specifies a method for determining the total number of colony-forming units of yeast and mould in dry market pulp, paper and paperboard after disintegration. The enumeration relates to specific media.
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This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in paper, board, pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials in solid form, which all can be produced from virgin and /or recycled materials. It is also applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of paper and board for recycling. The procedure is applicable to paper, board, and pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of pulp, paper, and board and cellulosic nanomaterial samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of dry matter content is required. This method is not applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of slush pulp or to the determination of the saleable mass of pulp lots. NOTE 1 ISO 638-2[1] specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content of suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials, ISO 287[2] specifies the determination of the moisture content of a lot of paper and board; ISO 4119[3] specifies the determination of stock concentration of pulps; the ISO 801 series[4] specifies the determination of the saleable mass in lots. NOTE 2 This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids. If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material; in cases where the sample is filterable without loss of cellulosic solids, ISO 4119[3] can be used to determine the stock consistency (content of cellulosic material in solid form).
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This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials. The procedure is applicable to cellulosic nanomaterial suspensions which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of cellulosic nanomaterial suspensions samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of dry matter content is required. NOTE This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids. If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material.
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This document specifies a method of obtaining, for test purposes, a gross sample representative of a
certain lot of pulp. This document applies to all kinds of pulp delivered in bales or rolls. It is intended
for use when sampling for all kinds of testing purposes except for the determination of saleable mass, in
which case other International Standards apply such as ISO 801-1 and ISO 801-2.
If, however, the pulp is to be tested for saleable mass in addition to other properties, the gross sample
obtained according to the appropriate International Standard for sampling saleable mass can also be
used for the other pulp property tests.
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This document presents guidelines for a methodology for the estimation of the uncertainty of methods for testing lignins and kraft liquors, pulps, paper, board, cellulosic nanomaterials, as well as products thereof containing any portion of recycled material or material intended for recycling.
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This document specifies a method of obtaining, for test purposes, a gross sample representative of a certain lot of pulp. This document applies to all kinds of pulp delivered in bales or rolls. It is intended for use when sampling for all kinds of testing purposes except for the determination of saleable mass, in which case other International Standards apply such as ISO 801-1 and ISO 801-2. If, however, the pulp is to be tested for saleable mass in addition to other properties, the gross sample obtained according to the appropriate International Standard for sampling saleable mass can also be used for the other pulp property tests.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by cold water from a sample of paper, board or pulp. This document is applicable to all types of paper, board and pulp. As the quantity of extractable ionic material approaches zero, as in the case of highly purified pulps, the precision of the method becomes poor because of the difficulties encountered in making pH measurements on water containing little electrolytic material. Since the extraction in this document is performed with distilled or deionised water, the pH-value measured can sometimes be different (e.g. for fully bleached pulp) from the pH-value measured under mill process conditions, in which various types of process waters, such as chemically treated river water containing electrolytes, are used. In such cases, ISO 29681 can be used instead, as it is specifically applicable to bleached pulps from virgin fibres and to pulp samples having a low ionic strength for which the pH value gives more realistic results related to mill conditions than those obtained with this document. For cellulosic papers used for electrical purposes, the method used can be that given in IEC 60554‑2[5].
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by hot water from a sample of paper, board or pulp. This document is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulp. As the quantity of extractable ionic material approaches zero, as in the case of highly purified pulps, the precision of the method becomes poor because of the difficulties encountered in making pH measurements on water containing little electrolytic material. Since the extraction in this document is performed with distilled or deionised water, the pH-value measured can sometimes be different (e.g. fully bleached pulp) from the pH-value measured under mill process conditions in which various types of process waters, such as chemically treated river water containing electrolytes, are used. In such cases, ISO 29681 can be used instead, as it is specifically applicable to bleached pulps from virgin fibres and to pulp samples having a low ionic strength for which the pH value gives more realistic results related to mill conditions than those obtained with this document. For cellulosic papers used for electrical purposes, the method used can be that given in IEC 60554-2[5].
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the conductivity of aqueous extracts of paper, board or pulp, these extracts having been prepared by a hot or cold method. The method is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulps, except for papers used for electrical purposes. For high purity papers used for electrical purposes, see method given in EN 60554‑2.
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This document specifies an analytical test method for the determination of anthraquinone (see Table 1) in water and 95 % ethanol extracts of pulp, paper and board materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Moreover, acetone extracts of modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) that, according to EN 14338, can be used as a simulant to assess the possible transfer/migration of substances from paper and board into dry, non-fatty foodstuffs can be analysed with the method presented here.
This method can be applied to determine anthraquinone in concentrations ranging from 2 µg/l to 40 µg/l in the water and solvent extracts, corresponding to 0,05 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg pulp, paper and board or, respectively, 0,1 μg/dm2 to 2 μg/dm2 in the case of migration tests with MPPO. The measurement range can be lowered by enriching anthraquinone from the water and solvent extracts.
Table 1 - Anthraquinone
...
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This method describes the determination of the carbohydrate composition in wood pulp samples. This method makes it possible to determine concentrations of individual anhydrous monosaccharides down to 1 mg/g oven-dry pulp.
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The method is applicable to unbleached, bleached and semi-bleached wood pulp with a lignin content above 1 %. It is not generally intended for fully bleached chemical pulp, because the lignin content in these pulps is too low to be determined accurately.
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This document provides guidance for representatives of the paper value chain for the design of printed paper products, with a view to deinkability contributing to recyclability in support of the circular economy. It describes relevant deinking processes, and the deinking performance of printed paper products produced with different printing, finishing and converting technologies in those deinking processes. It provides a list of relevant quality characteristics of industrial deinked pulps and a list of their possible usages based on those characteristics. This document does not include guidance for paper-based products which are not intended to be deinked.
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This document specifies a laboratory test method for assessing microfoam in coating films on wood components. Samples are taken from finished wood components that are produced in a production plant, by craftsmen or a laboratory.
The test method can be used for further evaluation together with the performance specification given in EN 927-2. The amount and size of microfoam depends upon the coating material, the substrate and the application process and conditions.
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This document specifies the procedure for the determination of acid-soluble magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, sodium and potassium by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP/ES). The acid-soluble element comprises the acid-soluble part of the incineration residue, i.e. that part of the ignition residue obtained after incineration which is soluble in hydrochloric acid or nitric acid. In cases where the residue is completely soluble, the result obtained by the procedure specified in this document is a measure of the total amount of each element in the sample.
This document is applicable to all types of paper, board, pulps and cellulose nanomaterials.
The limit of determination depends on the element and on the instrument used.
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This document describes the determination of the residue (ash content) on ignition of paper, board, pulps and cellulose nanomaterials. This document is applicable to all types of paper, board, pulp and cellulose nanomaterial. This document provides measurement procedures to obtain a measurement precision of 0,01 % or better for residue (ash content) on ignition at 900 °C.
In the context of this document, the term "cellulose nanomaterial" refers specifically to cellulose nano-object (see 3.2 to 3.4). Owing to their nanoscale dimensions, these cellulose nano-objects can have intrinsic properties, behaviours or functionalities that are distinct from those associated with paper, board and pulps.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of water-soluble sulfates in all types of pulp, paper and board. The lower limit of the determination is 20 mg of sulfate ion per kilogram of dry sample.
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This document specifies a basic laboratory test method for deinkability, applicable to any kind of printed paper product, under alkaline conditions by means of single stage flotation deinking and fatty acid-based collector chemistry.
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