91.080.13 - Steel structures
ICS 91.080.13 Details
Steel structures
Structures en acier
Jeklene konstrukcije
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This document specifies test methods to determine loss of pretension in high-strength bolts due to the presence of coatings on the faying surface(s) of a bolted joint to be used in structural steelwork, when any of the coatings are thick enough to affect the pretension in a bolt in the short term, or can show significant deformation over time under sustained loads (creep-prone materials). The presence within the grip of the bolt of other materials having considerably smaller stiffness than steel, such as insulation, is not included in this test method.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure to determine the slip factor of faying surfaces in slip-resistant (friction) connections to be used in structural steelwork. The method is mainly applicable to uncoated and coated components made of steel with various surface treatments. This document applies mainly to carbon steels but can be used for other type of steels as appropriate.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
1.1 Scope of EN 1993 5
(1) This document provides rules for the structural design of bearing piles and sheet piles made of steel.
(2) This document provides rules for the structural design of steel elements for foundations and retaining structures constructed using steel piles.
(3) This document is applicable to:
— steel piled foundations for civil engineering works on land and over water;
— temporary or permanent structures needed to carry out steel piling work;
— temporary and permanent retaining structures made of continuous steel piling.
(4) This document does not apply to:
— offshore platforms;
— dolphins;
— ground reinforcing elements.
NOTE Ground reinforcing elements include rock bolts, soil nails, sprayed concrete, wire mesh and facing elements.
(5) This document does not cover the following aspects:
— geotechnical design;
— seismic design.
NOTE 1 For geotechnical design, see EN 1997 (all parts).
NOTE 2 For the effects of ground movement caused by earthquakes, see EN 1998 (all parts).
(6) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1993 1 (all parts) and EN 1997 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993 5 are applicable if
— the execution quality for steel piles is as specified in EN 12063, EN 12699, EN 14199; and
— the execution quality for associated steel elements (such as bracing, anchors, waling, etc.) is as specified in EN 1090 2, EN 1537; and
— the execution quality for concreting of bearing piles is as specified in EN 1536; and
— the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design assisted by testing.
- Draft127 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-14
(1) This document gives principles and requirements for the use of numerical methods in the design of steel structures, more specifically for the ultimate limit state (including fatigue) and serviceability limit state verifications. It also gives principles and requirements for the application of advanced finite element (FE) and similar modelling techniques for numerical simulation which also covers safety assessment.
(2) This document covers general methodologies such as the finite element method (FEM), finite strip method (FSM) or generalized beam theory (GBT) for modelling, analysis and design of steel structures made of the following members and joint configurations:
a) hot-rolled profiles,
b) cold-formed members and sheeting,
c) welded plated profiles,
d) stainless steel profiles,
e) plate assemblies,
f) shell structures,
g) welded and bolted joints.
In addition to the general design rules, specific additional rules can also be found in the relevant standard parts in EN 1993.
(3) This document contains harmonized design rules in terms of the application of the numerical modelling methods, development of the numerical models, application of analysis types, result evaluation methods, and determination of the resistance of steel structures for different limit states.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) This document gives rules intended for engineers who are experienced in the use of FE.
(2) It is recognized that structural analysis, based upon the laws of physics, has been successfully researched, developed, historically or currently used for the design and verification of elements or whole structural frames. This remains appropriate for many structural solutions. However, when a more detailed understanding of structural behaviour is required, the methods described in this document can be useful for the professional design.
(3) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other relevant parts of EN 1993-1 (all subparts) apply.
(4) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-14 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and/or EN 1090-4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Draft64 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for assessing the fracture strength of a protective paint coating of any thickness on a steel substrate of thickness not less than 3 mm. The procedures given in document are based on methods used with different types of pull-off test equipment. The results obtained using such different types of equipment are not comparable.
This document is only applicable if a fracture strength value is specified, together with the type of test equipment and the manufacturer of the equipment. Usually, this information is included in contract documentation.
This document also specifies suitable equipment and defines inspection areas, sampling plans and acceptance/rejection criteria.
It does not give any values of the fracture strength of different protective paint coatings.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for assessing the resistance of paint systems when a cut in the form of a right-angle lattice pattern (cross-cut) or in the form of an X (X-cut) is made into the paint, penetrating through to the substrate. This document is only applicable if the cross-cut or X-cut test method is specified, together with the rating from the appropriate rating scale.
This document also specifies suitable equipment and defines inspection areas, sampling plans and acceptance/rejection criteria.
It does not specify ratings for particular coating systems.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for assessing the fracture strength of a protective paint coating of any thickness on a steel substrate of thickness not less than 3 mm. The procedures given in document are based on methods used with different types of pull-off test equipment. The results obtained using such different types of equipment are not comparable.
This document is only applicable if a fracture strength value is specified, together with the type of test equipment and the manufacturer of the equipment. Usually, this information is included in contract documentation.
This document also specifies suitable equipment and defines inspection areas, sampling plans and acceptance/rejection criteria.
It does not give any values of the fracture strength of different protective paint coatings.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-6
(1) EN 1993-1-6 provides rules for the structural design of plated steel structures that have the form of a shell of revolution (axisymmetric shell).
(2) This document is applicable to unstiffened fabricated axisymmetric shells formed from isotropic rolled plates using both algebraic and computational procedures, and to stiffened axisymmetric shells with different wall constructions using computational procedures. It also applies to associated circular or annular plates and to beam section rings and stringer stiffeners where they form part of the complete shell structure. The general computational procedures are applicable to all shell forms.
(3) This document does not apply to manufactured shells or to shell panels or to elliptical shell forms, except that its computational procedures are applicable to all shell structures. This document does not apply to structures under seismic or other dynamic loading. It does not cover the aspects of leakage of stored liquids or solids.
(4) Cylindrical and conical panels are not explicitly covered by this document. However, the provisions of 9.8 can be used provided that appropriate boundary conditions are taken into account.
(5) This document defines the characteristic and design values of the resistance of the structure.
(6) This document is concerned with the requirements for design against the ultimate limit states of:
— plastic failure;
— cyclic plasticity;
— buckling;
— fatigue.
(7) Overall equilibrium of the structure (sliding, uplifting, overturning) is not included in this document. Special considerations for specific applications are included in the relevant application parts of EN 1993.
(8) Detailed formulae for the simple calculation of unstiffened cylinders, cones and spherical domes are given in the Annexes.
(9) Provisions for simple calculations on specific stiffened shell types are given in EN 1993-4-1.
(10) This document is intended for application to steel shell structures. Where no standard exists for shell structures made of other metals, including high strength steels, the provisions of this document are applicable provided the appropriate material properties of the metal are taken into account.
(11) The provisions of this document are intended to be applied within the temperature ranges defined in the relevant EN 1993 application parts.
(12) Where no application part defines a different range, this document applies to structures within the following limits:
— design metal temperatures lie within the range −50 °C to +100 °C, except when using the special provisions given in 5.1;
— radius to thickness ratios (r/t) within the range 50 to 2 000;
— manufactured circular hollow sections according to EN 10210 and EN 10219 are outside the scope of this document and are covered by EN 1993-1-1. However, if no other provisions are available, the rules of this document are useful for manufactured circular hollow sections. In particular, this document is applicable to the design of manufactured piles (see EN 1993-5) provided the imperfections and tolerance requirements of EN 1993-5 are adopted in place of those specified in this document, and where no other standard covers the specific pile geometry.
NOTE 1 Experimental and theoretical data relating to manufactured circular hollow sections were not considered when this document was drafted. The application of this document to such structures therefore remains the responsibility of the user.
NOTE 2 The stress design rules of this document can be rather conservative if applied to some geometries and loading conditions for relatively thick-walled shells.
NOTE 3 Thinner shells than r/t = 2 000 can be treated using these provisions but the provisions have not been verified for such thin shells.
NOTE 4 The maximum temperature is restricted so that the influence of creep can be ignored where high temperature creep effects are not covered by the relevant application part.
[...]
- Draft160 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-7
(1) prEN 1993-1-7 provides rules for the structural design of assemblies of unstiffened and stiffened steel plates whose elements are under predominantly distributed transverse loads.
(2) prEN 1993-1-7 is applicable to containment structures such as silos, tanks, digesters and lock gates, where the external actions chiefly act transversely on their individual plates or panels. Where a plate or panel under bending is additionally subject to membrane forces that have a significant effect on the resistance, this document covers assessment of the resistance through its computational analysis procedures.
(3) prEN 1993-1-7 is applicable to structures with rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular component plate segments, each with one axis of symmetry.
(4) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to plates or panels where the dominant structural resistance requirement relates to membrane forces in the plates (for these, see EN 1993-1-5).
(5) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to plates or panels whose curvature (out of flatness) exceeds that defined in 1.1 (14). For such curved plates, see EN 1993-1-6.
(6) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to circular or annular plates. For such plates, see EN 1993 1-6.
(7) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to cold-formed sheeting. For such plates, see EN 1993-1-3.
(8) This document is only concerned with the requirements for design of plates and plate assemblies against the ultimate limit states of:
- plastic failure;
- cyclic plasticity;
- buckling;
- fatigue.
(9) Overall equilibrium of the structure (sliding, uplifting, or overturning) is not included in this document. Special considerations for specific applications are available in the relevant applications parts of EN 1993.
(10) The rules in this document refer to plate assemblies that are fabricated using unstiffened or stiffened plates or panels. The document is also applicable to the design of individual plates or panels that are predominantly subject to actions transverse to the plane of each plate. Both frictional actions on the plate surface and forces imposed by adjacent components of the plate assembly also induce in-plane actions in each plate.
(11) This document gives algebraic rules and guidance to account for bending with small membrane forces in the individual plates or panels. Where an unstiffened or stiffened plates or panels is subject to significant magnitudes of both bending and in-plane forces, the computational analysis procedures of this document apply.
(12) Where no application part defines a different range, this document applies to structures within the following limits:
- design metal temperatures within the range −50 °C to +100 °C;
- the geometry of individual plate segments is limited to rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal shapes with b/t greater than 20, or b1/t greater than 20, as appropriate (see Figure 3.2);
- Single plate elements are treated as flat where the deviation from flatness e0 meets the condition (see Figure 9.1). Where this criterion is not met, it is appropriate to treat the plate as a shell panel (see EN 1993-1-6).
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, the provisions of EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-7 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) The provisions in this document apply to materials that satisfy the brittle fracture provisions given in EN 1993-1-4 and EN 1993-1-10.
(4) In this document, it is assumed that wind loading, seismic actions and bulk solids flow can, in general, be treated as quasi-static actions.
...
- Draft75 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-10
(1) EN 1993-1-10 specifies rules for the selection of steel grades and qualities related to fracture toughness to avoid brittle fracture.
NOTE Steel quality is also known as (Charpy) subgrade.
(2) EN 1993-1-10 specifies rules to specify through thickness properties for welded elements to reduce the risk of lamellar tearing.
(3) EN 1993-1-10 specifies additional toughness requirements for specific cases to ensure upper shelf toughness in relation to design ultimate resistance in tension and seismic design.
(4) EN 1993-1-10 specifies rules for structural steels as listed in EN 1993-1-1. This document applies to steel grades S235 to S700.
(5) EN 1993-1-10 specifies rules that apply to the selection of parent material only.
(6) EN 1993-1-10 specifies rules that apply to steel materials covered by EN 1993-1-1:2022, 5.1(3), provided that each individual piece of steel is tested in accordance with the requirements of EN 1993 1 1:2022, 5.2.1 and EN 1090-2:2018+A1:2024, 5.1.
(7) This document does not apply to material salvaged from existing steelwork subjected to fatigue or fire.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other relevant parts of EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-10 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 or EN 1090-4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-9
(1) EN 1993-1-9 gives design methods for the verification of the fatigue design situation of steel structures.
NOTE Steel structures consist of members and their joints. Each member and joint can be represented as a constructional detail or as several of the latter.
(2) Design methods other than the stress-based methods, such as the notch strain method or fracture mechanics methods, are not covered by EN 1993-1-9.
(3) EN 1993-1-9 only applies to structures made of all grades of structural steels and products within the scope of EN 1993-1 (all parts), in accordance with the provisions noted in the detail category tables or annexes.
(4) EN 1993-1-9 only applies to structures where execution conforms to EN 1090-2.
NOTE Supplementary execution requirements are indicated in the detail category tables.
(5) EN 1993-1-9 applies to structures operating under normal atmospheric conditions and with sufficient corrosion protection and regular maintenance. The effect of seawater corrosion is not covered.
(6) EN 1993-1-9 applies to structures with hot dip galvanizing in accordance with the provisions noted in the detail category tables or annexes.
(7) Microstructural damage from high temperature (> 150°C) that occurs during the design service life is not covered.
(8) EN 1993-1-9 gives guidance of how to consider post-fabrication treatments that are intended to improve the fatigue resistance of constructional details.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-9 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts on EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) The design methods of EN 1993-1-9 are generally derived from fatigue tests on constructional details with large scale specimens that include effects of geometrical and structural imperfections from material production and execution (e.g. the effects of tolerances and residual stresses from welding).
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1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-4
This document provides supplementary rules for the structural design of steel structures that extend and modify the application of EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 to austenitic, duplex (austenitic-ferritic) and ferritic stainless steels.
NOTE 1 Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are commonly known as duplex stainless steels. The term duplex stainless steel is used in this document.
NOTE 2 Information on the durability of stainless steels is given in Annex A.
NOTE 3 The execution of stainless steel structures is covered in EN 1090-2 and EN 1090-4.
1.2 Assumptions
Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 apply.
The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-4 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and EN 1090-4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993 1-5 and EN 1993-1-8, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Draft61 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This CEN/TS gives complementary provisions for the use of reclaimed structural components in the execution of steel structures in EXC1 to EXC3 according to EN 1090-2. The provisions apply to products used in structures to be designed according to EN 1993-1-1 without seismic and/or fatigue design.
This CEN/TS specifies requirements for the reusability assessment of reclaimed structural components and the declaration of mechanical and geometrical properties as well as weldability. The properties to be declared are those listed as required relevant properties to be specified according to clause 5.1 of EN 1090-2:
• strength (yield and tensile);
• elongation;
• tolerances on dimensions and shape;
• heat treatment delivery conditions;
• weldability.
This CEN/TS applies to reclaimed hot rolled profiles and hot finished or cold formed hollow sections used as constituent products according to EN 1090-2.
This CEN/TS can also be used for the assessment of the aforementioned properties of fabricated products.
The recommendations for the assessment of connections however, and in particular of welds, is non exhaustive and only informative.
This CEN/TS is not intended for thin gauge products according to EN 1090-4 or mechanical fasteners.
- Technical specification30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This CEN/TS gives complementary provisions for the use of reclaimed structural components in the execution of steel structures in EXC1 to EXC3 according to EN 1090-2. The provisions apply to products used in structures to be designed according to EN 1993-1-1 without seismic and/or fatigue design.
This CEN/TS specifies requirements for the reusability assessment of reclaimed structural components and the declaration of mechanical and geometrical properties as well as weldability. The properties to be declared are those listed as required relevant properties to be specified according to clause 5.1 of EN 1090-2:
• strength (yield and tensile);
• elongation;
• tolerances on dimensions and shape;
• heat treatment delivery conditions;
• weldability.
This CEN/TS applies to reclaimed hot rolled profiles and hot finished or cold formed hollow sections used as constituent products according to EN 1090-2.
This CEN/TS can also be used for the assessment of the aforementioned properties of fabricated products.
The recommendations for the assessment of connections however, and in particular of welds, is non exhaustive and only informative.
This CEN/TS is not intended for thin gauge products according to EN 1090-4 or mechanical fasteners.
- Technical specification30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components, produced from:
- hot rolled, structural steel products up to and including grade S700;
- cold formed components and sheeting up to and including grade S700 (unless coming within the scope of prEN 1090-4);
- hot finished or cold formed austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and ferritic stainless steel products;
- hot finished or cold formed structural hollow sections, including standard range and custom-made rolled products and hollow sections manufactured by welding.
For components produced from cold formed components, and cold formed structural hollow sections that are within the scope of prEN 1090-4, the requirements of prEN 1090-4 take precedence over corresponding requirements in this European Standard.
This European Standard can also be used for structural steel grades up to and including S960, provided that conditions for execution are verified against reliability criteria and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard specifies requirements, which are mostly independent of the type and shape of the steel structure (e.g. buildings, bridges, plated or latticed components) including structures subjected to fatigue or seismic actions. Certain requirements are differentiated in terms of execution classes.
This European Standard applies to structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1993 series. Sheet piling, displacement piles and micropiles designed to EN 1993-5 are intended to be executed in accordance with respectively EN 12063, EN 12699 and EN 14199. This European Standard only applies to the execution of waling, bracing, and connections.
This European Standard applies to steel components in composite steel and concrete structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1994 series.
This European Standard can be used for structures designed according to other design rules provided that conditions for execution comply with them and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard includes the requirements for the welding of reinforcing steels to structural steels. This European Standard does not include requirements for the use of reinforcing steels for reinforced concrete applications.
- Standard209 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components, produced from:
- hot rolled, structural steel products up to and including grade S700;
- cold formed components and sheeting up to and including grade S700 (unless coming within the scope of prEN 1090-4);
- hot finished or cold formed austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and ferritic stainless steel products;
- hot finished or cold formed structural hollow sections, including standard range and custom-made rolled products and hollow sections manufactured by welding.
For components produced from cold formed components, and cold formed structural hollow sections that are within the scope of prEN 1090-4, the requirements of prEN 1090-4 take precedence over corresponding requirements in this European Standard.
This European Standard can also be used for structural steel grades up to and including S960, provided that conditions for execution are verified against reliability criteria and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard specifies requirements, which are mostly independent of the type and shape of the steel structure (e.g. buildings, bridges, plated or latticed components) including structures subjected to fatigue or seismic actions. Certain requirements are differentiated in terms of execution classes.
This European Standard applies to structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1993 series. Sheet piling, displacement piles and micropiles designed to EN 1993-5 are intended to be executed in accordance with respectively EN 12063, EN 12699 and EN 14199. This European Standard only applies to the execution of waling, bracing, and connections.
This European Standard applies to steel components in composite steel and concrete structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1994 series.
This European Standard can be used for structures designed according to other design rules provided that conditions for execution comply with them and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard includes the requirements for the welding of reinforcing steels to structural steels. This European Standard does not include requirements for the use of reinforcing steels for reinforced concrete applications.
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1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-3
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of cold-formed steel members and sheeting.
(2) This document applies to cold-formed steel products made from coated or uncoated hot- or cold-rolled sheet or strip, which have been cold-formed by processes such as roll-forming or press braking. It also covers sheeting and members which are curved during fabrication by continuous bending or roll-forming. Sheeting which has the curvature created by crushing the inner flanges is not included. This document is also applicable to the design of profiled steel sheeting for composite steel and concrete slabs at the construction stage, see EN 1994. The execution of steel structures made of cold-formed steel members and sheeting is covered in EN 1090 4. Provisions for bolted connections are provided in EN 1090 2.
NOTE The rules in prEN 1993 1 3 complement the rules in other parts of EN 1993 1.
(3) Methods are also given for stressed-skin design, using steel sheeting as a structural diaphragm.
(4) This document does not apply to cold-formed circular and rectangular structural hollow sections supplied to EN 10219, for which reference is made to EN 1993 1 1 and EN 1993 1 8.
(5) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design assisted by testing.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993 1 3 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 4, the execution quality of bolted connections is as specified in EN 1090 2, and
- the construction materials and products are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
- the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents;
- EN, EAD and ETA standards for construction products relevant to steel structures.
- Standard209 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of FprEN 1993-1-8
(1) FprEN 1993-1-8 provides rules for structural design of joints subject to predominantly static loading using all steel grades from S235 up to and including S700, unless otherwise stated in individual clauses.
NOTE As an alternative to the design rules provided in Clause 9, the design rules given in CEN/TR 1993-1-801 "Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1 801: Hollow section joints design according to the component method" can be used.
(2) The provisions in this document apply to steels complying with the requirements given in EN 1993 1 1 and to material thickness greater than or equal to 3 mm, unless otherwise stated in individual clauses.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other relevant parts of EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in FprEN 1993-1-8 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2,
and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Standard216 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-2
(1) This document provides rules for the design of steel structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure. This Part of EN 1993 only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design.
(2) This document applies to steel structures required to fulfil a loadbearing function.
(3) This document does not include rules for separating function.
(4) This document gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned function and the levels of performance.
(5) This document applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1993 1 1 and are designed accordingly.
(6) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1991-1-2, EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993 1-3, EN 1993-1-4, EN 1993-1-5, EN 1993-1-6, EN 1993-1-7, EN 1993-1-8, EN 1993-1-11, EN 1993-1-13 or EN 1993-1-14.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991(all parts) and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-2 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and/or EN 1090-4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in prEN 1993-1-1:2020, Table 5.1 and Table 5.2 and in prEN 1993-1-3:2022, Table 5.1 and Table 5.2, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply:
- the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation;
- any fire protection measure taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-5
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of stiffened and unstiffened nominally flat plates which are subject to in-plane forces.
(2) Non-uniform stress distributions due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling are covered. The effects of out-of-plane loading are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE 1 The rules in this part complement the rules for class 1, 2, 3 and 4 sections, see EN 1993-1-1.
NOTE 2 For the design of slender plates which are subject to repeated direct stress and/or shear and also fatigue due to out-of-plane bending of plate elements ("breathing"), see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-6.
NOTE 3 For the effects of out-of-plane loading and for the combination of in-plane effects and out-of-plane loading effects, see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-1-7.
(3) Single plate elements are considered as nominally flat where the curvature radius r in the direction perpendicular to the compression satisfies, as illustrated in Figure 1.1:
r≥b^2/t (1.1)
where
b is the panel width;
t is the plate thickness.
Figure 1.1 - Definition of plate curvature
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, the EN 1991 series and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-5 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series or in the relevant material product specifications.
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides requirements for the statistical distribution of material properties and dimensional parameters of structural steel products, allowing the proof of consistency of the safety approach of the properties of the product standards compared to those of the design standards for the design of steel buildings. It also describes the evaluation procedures for the verification of the compliance of structural steels with these requirements.
This document applies for the following structural steel products intended for buildings: hot rolled and welded I- and H-sections, hot rolled plates rolled on a reversing mill, sheets/plates cut from hot-rolled wide strip and hot finished and cold formed welded structural hollow sections.
It is intended to be used as a background document to support the assessment of the partial factors for steel constructions (as detailed in EN 1993-1-1).
This document can be used for neither product ordering nor certification.
NOTE The background of statistical requirements on mechanical properties and geometrical parameters is detailed in EN 1993-1-1:2022, Annex E.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the general requirements for structural bolting in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as fabricated components, in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of ISO 17607.
- Standard90 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for erection of steels used in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard83 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for welding in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for fabrication in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as fabricated components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard120 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for the constituent products of steels and steel products used in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as fabricated components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines general requirements for the execution of structural steelwork for: — structural steel buildings; — general structures, designed, fabricated, and erected in a manner similar to buildings with building-like load-resisting elements, e.g. support framing for equipment, tanks, vessels, and pipelines; — crane-supporting structures; — typical roadway and pedestrian bridges including those constructed using rolled sections, welded plate girders, or trusses (lattices). This document applies to structures or fabricated components that are produced from: — hot-rolled and cold-formed structural steel products up to and including a nominal yield strength of 700 MPa with a thickness of 3 mm and above; — hot-finished and cold-formed structural steel hollow sections, up to and including a nominal yield strength of 700 MPa, including standard range and custom-made rolled products and hollow sections manufactured by welding. This document also applies to steel components in composite steel and concrete structures, and in structures combining steel with other materials. This document defines requirements independent of the type and shape of the steel structure, including structures subjected to fatigue or seismic loading. The requirements are expressed in terms of execution levels. This document does not define all requirements for other types of fabricated steel structures (e.g. railway bridges, roadway and pedestrian bridges using welded box sections or arch boxes, cable-supported bridges over 100 m span, moving bridges, monorails, steel towers, masts, chimneys, silos, tanks, pipelines, antennae, offshore platforms). However, this document provides general guidance regarding fabrication and erection practices that may be used together with the appropriate ISO, regional or national design standards for such structures. This document does not cover requirements for the following: — sheeting; — fabrication of stainless steels. This document does not apply to design of steel structures. NOTE Design is inextricably a part of the design-fabrication-erection sequence, including the application of tolerances, and cannot be considered in isolation. This document is intended to be used, as appropriate, together with national standards and other documents, observing the provisions in this document concerning such use.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides requirements for the statistical distribution of material properties and dimensional parameters of structural steel products, allowing the proof of consistency of the safety approach of the properties of the product standards compared to those of the design standards for the design of steel buildings. It also describes the evaluation procedures for the verification of the compliance of structural steels with these requirements.
This document applies for the following structural steel products intended for buildings: hot rolled and welded I- and H-sections, hot rolled plates rolled on a reversing mill, sheets/plates cut from hot-rolled wide strip and hot finished and cold formed welded structural hollow sections.
It is intended to be used as a background document to support the assessment of the partial factors for steel constructions (as detailed in EN 1993-1-1).
This document can be used for neither product ordering nor certification.
NOTE The background of statistical requirements on mechanical properties and geometrical parameters is detailed in EN 1993-1-1:2022, Annex E.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of FprEN 1993 1 1
(1) FprEN 1993 1 1 gives basic design rules for steel structures.
(2) It also gives supplementary provisions for the structural design of steel buildings. These supplementary provisions are indicated by the letter "B" after the paragraph number, thus ( )B.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to FprEN 1993 1 1.
(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents, EN 1090 2, EN 1090 4 and ENs, EADs and ETAs for construction products relevant to steel structures.
- Standard120 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
(1) This document provides an alternative method for the stability verification of steel members under compression axial force and bending moment, with reference to EN 1993 1 1.
NOTE For the applicability of this document, see Clause 4.
(2) The method given in this document applies to uniform steel members with double symmetric cross-section under axial compression force and bi-axial bending.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
DOP of 12 months
- Amendment4 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations applicable to the following types of fixed steel offshore structures for the petroleum and natural gas industries:
? caissons, free-standing and braced;
? jackets;
? monotowers;
? towers.
In addition, it is applicable to compliant bottom founded structures, steel gravity structures, jack-ups, other bottom founded structures and other structures related to offshore structures (such as underwater oil storage tanks, bridges and connecting structures).
This document contains requirements for planning and engineering of the design, fabrication, transportation and installation of new structures as well as, if relevant, their future removal.
NOTE 1 Specific requirements for the design of fixed steel offshore structures in arctic environments are presented in ISO 19906.
NOTE 2 Requirements for topsides structures are presented in ISO 19901-3; for marine operations in, ISO 19901‑6; for structural integrity management, in ISO 19901-9 and for the site-specific assessment of jack-ups, in ISO 19905‑1.
- Standard585 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a fire test method and an assessment procedure for determining the contribution of fire protection systems to the fire resistance performance of circular and rectangular steel bars used as tension members.
This document applies to fire protection materials that have already been tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 or EN 13381 8.
For other section shapes such as angles, channels and flats, reference can be made to EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8. This document does not include steel or any other cold formed bar used as reinforcement in concrete construction.
For other solid bar geometries such as oval or triangular cross section, these are subject to a separate test package in accordance with the principles of Clause 5 of this document.
Fire protection performance is determined by testing of unloaded tension members, although additional loaded test evidence can be required for certain product types subject to certain conditions specified in the document.
The method is applicable to all fire protection systems used for the protection of solid bar up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm and includes sprayed fire protection, reactive coatings, cladding protection systems and multi-layer or composite fire protection materials. In the case of rectangular bar, the maximum side length is limited to 130 mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter side length. For dimensions greater than 130 mm it is appropriate to use rectangular or circular hollow sections tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8 provided they have been tested
The method is applicable to all fire protection systems used for the protection of solid bar up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm and includes sprayed fire protection, reactive coatings, cladding protection systems and multi-layer or composite fire protection materials. In the case of rectangular bar, the maximum side length should be limited to 130mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter side length. For dimensions greater than 130mm it is appropriate to use rectangular or circular hollow sections tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8 provided they have been tested in the same orientation.
The evaluation is designed to cover a range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection material, a range of steel bar dimensions, a range of specified temperatures and a range of valid fire protection periods.
The test method is applicable to fire protection systems which are intimately in contact with the bar, or which include an airspace between the bar and the protection system as given in EN 13381-4.
This standard also provides the assessment procedure, which prescribes the analysis of the test data and gives guidance on the procedures to undertake interpolation.
This Standard caters for testing in both vertical and horizontal orientations. Results from horizontally orientated bar may be applied to any orientation, whilst results from vertically orientated bar should only be used for horizontal bars when the data has been corrected in accordance with Annex C.
This standard gives the fire test procedures, carried out to provide data on the thermal characteristics of the fire protection system, when exposed to the standard temperature/time curve specified in Clause 5.1.1 of EN 1363 1.
The assessment procedure is used to establish:
a) on the basis of data derived from testing steel bar, any practical constraints on the use of the fire protection system under fire test conditions (the physical performance);
b) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing steel bar the thermal properties of the fire protection system (the thermal performance).
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined together with application of the results to different steel types and sizes over the range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection system tested.
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This document gives guidelines and recommendations for the general principles of design appropriate to articles to be hot dip galvanized after fabrication (e.g. in accordance with ISO 1461) for the corrosion protection of, for example, articles that have been manufactured in accordance with EN 1090-2.
This document does not apply to hot dip galvanized coatings applied to continuous wire or sheet (e.g. to EN 10346).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a fire test method and an assessment procedure for determining the contribution of fire protection systems to the fire resistance performance of circular and rectangular steel bars used as tension members.
This document applies to fire protection materials that have already been tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 or EN 13381 8.
For other section shapes such as angles, channels and flats, reference can be made to EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8. This document does not include steel or any other cold formed bar used as reinforcement in concrete construction.
For other solid bar geometries such as oval or triangular cross section, these are subject to a separate test package in accordance with the principles of Clause 5 of this document.
Fire protection performance is determined by testing of unloaded tension members, although additional loaded test evidence can be required for certain product types subject to certain conditions specified in the document.
The method is applicable to all fire protection systems used for the protection of solid bar up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm and includes sprayed fire protection, reactive coatings, cladding protection systems and multi-layer or composite fire protection materials. In the case of rectangular bar, the maximum side length is limited to 130 mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter side length. For dimensions greater than 130 mm it is appropriate to use rectangular or circular hollow sections tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8 provided they have been tested
The method is applicable to all fire protection systems used for the protection of solid bar up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm and includes sprayed fire protection, reactive coatings, cladding protection systems and multi-layer or composite fire protection materials. In the case of rectangular bar, the maximum side length should be limited to 130mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter side length. For dimensions greater than 130mm it is appropriate to use rectangular or circular hollow sections tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8 provided they have been tested in the same orientation.
The evaluation is designed to cover a range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection material, a range of steel bar dimensions, a range of specified temperatures and a range of valid fire protection periods.
The test method is applicable to fire protection systems which are intimately in contact with the bar, or which include an airspace between the bar and the protection system as given in EN 13381-4.
This standard also provides the assessment procedure, which prescribes the analysis of the test data and gives guidance on the procedures to undertake interpolation.
This Standard caters for testing in both vertical and horizontal orientations. Results from horizontally orientated bar may be applied to any orientation, whilst results from vertically orientated bar should only be used for horizontal bars when the data has been corrected in accordance with Annex C.
This standard gives the fire test procedures, carried out to provide data on the thermal characteristics of the fire protection system, when exposed to the standard temperature/time curve specified in Clause 5.1.1 of EN 1363 1.
The assessment procedure is used to establish:
a) on the basis of data derived from testing steel bar, any practical constraints on the use of the fire protection system under fire test conditions (the physical performance);
b) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing steel bar the thermal properties of the fire protection system (the thermal performance).
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined together with application of the results to different steel types and sizes over the range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection system tested.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines and recommendations for the general principles of design appropriate to articles to be hot dip galvanized after fabrication (e.g. in accordance with ISO 1461) for the corrosion protection of, for example, articles that have been manufactured in accordance with EN 1090-2.
This document does not apply to hot dip galvanized coatings applied to continuous wire or sheet (e.g. to EN 10346).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the types of paint and paint system commonly used for corrosion protection of steel structures.
It also gives guidelines for the selection of paint systems available for different environments (see ISO 12944‑2) except for corrosivity category CX and category Im4 as defined in ISO 12944‑2 and different surface preparation grades (see ISO 12944‑4), and the durability grade to be expected (see ISO 12944‑1).
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
EN 1993-1-5 gives design requirements of stiffened and unstiffened plates which are subject to inplane forces. Effects due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling for I-section girders and box girders are covered. Also covered are plated structural components subject to in-plane loads as in tanks and silos. The effects of out-of-plane loading are outside the scope of this document.
- Amendment4 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-13
1.1.1 General
(1) This document gives supplementary provisions that extend the application of EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-5 to the design of rolled and welded steel sections with various shapes of web openings. The following cases are considered:
- rolled or welded beams with single or widely spaced web openings;
- rolled or welded beams with closely spaced web openings;
- cellular beams with circular openings made by cutting and re-welding two parts of steel sections that may be different in dimensions;
- beams with hexagonal and sinusoidal openings made by cutting and re-welding two parts of steel sections that may be different in dimensions.
(2) This document applies to uniform members with I or H profiles, which are symmetric about the weak axis. It does not apply to non-prismatic or curved beams although the same principles can apply.
(3) This document applies to steel beams with web openings that are subjected to sagging (positive) or to hogging (negative) bending moments.
(4) This document covers the verification of the resistance at the openings and their effects on the global behaviour of the beam, including lateral torsional buckling.
(5) Alternative methods are presented for beams with circular openings and with sinusoidal openings in which the forces and resistances are calculated by increments around or along the openings and which are suitable for computer methods.
(6) This document applies to web slenderness, hw/tw, not exceeding 121ε. The local checks at and between adjacent openings apply to web slenderness up to this limit. The material parameter ε is defined in EN 1993-1-1:2022, 5.2.5 (2).
NOTE The limit of 121ε is the limit of a Class 4 web for a steel section with equal flanges. It is used as a convenient limit for the application of this document, including mono-symmetric sections.
(7) This document does not cover fatigue. In case of fatigue, EN 1993-1-9 applies.
(8) This document does not cover fire design. For the design in case of fire, EN 1993-1-2 applies.
(9) This document does not cover the buckling verification of members with web openings under axial force.
1.1.2 Shapes of web openings
(1) The different shapes of web openings that are considered in this document are shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 - Different shapes of web openings in steel beams
1.1.3 Stiffened openings
(1) This document also covers openings in the web of beams that are reinforced by longitudinal stiffeners and/or transverse stiffeners on one or both sides of the web, see Figure 1.2.
NOTE The National Annex can give rules for alternative types of stiffener.
Figure 1.2 - Stiffening of openings in beam webs
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, the EN 1991 series and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-13 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for the execution, i.e. the manufacture and the installation, of cold-formed structural steel members and sheeting and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor, wall and cladding applications.
This European Standard applies to structures designed according to the EN 1993 series.
This European Standard applies to structural members and sheeting to be designed according to EN 1993 1 3.
This European Standard may be used for structures designed according to other design rules provided that conditions for execution comply with them and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard also specifies requirements for the execution i.e. the manufacture and the installation of structures made from cold formed profiled sheeting for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications under predominately static loading or seismic loading conditions and their documentation.
This European Standard covers sheeting of structural classes I and II according to EN 1993 1 3 used in structures.
This European Standard covers structural members of all structural classes according to EN 1993 1 3.
Structural sheeting are understood here to be:
- profiled sheet, such as trapezoidal, sinusoidal or liner trays (Figure 1), or
Structural members are understood here to be:
- members (linear profiled cross sections) that are produced by cold forming (Figure 2).
This European Standard also covers:
- not welded built-up sections (Figure 2b and 2c);
- cold-formed hollow sections including the welding of the longitudinal seam, not covered by EN 10219 1;
- perforated, punctured and micro profiled sheeting and members;
NOTE 1 Welded built-up sections, are not covered, the execution provisions are given in EN 1090–2.
This European Standard also covers spacer constructions between the outer and inner or upper and lower skins for roofs, walls and ceilings made from cold-formed profiled sheeting and the connections and attachments of the afore mentioned elements as long as all are involved in load transfer.
This European Standard covers steel profiled sheeting for composite floors, e.g. during installation and in stage of pouring concrete.
Composite structural members where the interaction between dissimilar materials are an integral part of the structural behaviour such as sandwich panels and composite floors are not covered by this standard.
This European Standard does not cover the necessary analyses and detailing and execution rules for thermal insulation, moisture protection, noise control and fire protection.
This European Standard does not cover regulations of roof cladding and wall cladding, produced by traditional plumber methods or tinsmith methods.
Annex B of this standard concerns provisions which are not yet included in EN 1993 1 3. The guidelines in this annex may be wholly or partially superseded by future guidelines added to EN 1993.
This European Standard does not cover detailed requirements for water tightness or air permeability resistance and thermal aspects of sheeting.
NOTE 2 The structures covered in this standard can be for example
- single- or multi-skin roofs, whereby the load-bearing structure (lower skin) or the actual roof covering (upper skin) or both consist of cold-formed structural members and sheeting;
- single- or multi-skin walls whereby the load-bearing structure (inner skin), the actual cladding (outer skin) or both consist of cold-formed structural members and sheeting, or
- trusses from cold formed members.
NOTE 3 Structures can consist of an assembly of structural members and sheeting made of steel according to EN 1090–4 and of aluminium according to EN 1090-5.
- Standard91 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard96 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components, produced from:
- hot rolled, structural steel products up to and including grade S700;
- cold formed components and sheeting up to and including grade S700 (unless coming within the scope of prEN 1090-4);
- hot finished or cold formed austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and ferritic stainless steel products;
- hot finished or cold formed structural hollow sections, including standard range and custom-made rolled products and hollow sections manufactured by welding.
For components produced from cold formed components, and cold formed structural hollow sections that are within the scope of prEN 1090-4, the requirements of prEN 1090-4 take precedence over corresponding requirements in this European Standard.
This European Standard can also be used for structural steel grades up to and including S960, provided that conditions for execution are verified against reliability criteria and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard specifies requirements, which are mostly independent of the type and shape of the steel structure (e.g. buildings, bridges, plated or latticed components) including structures subjected to fatigue or seismic actions. Certain requirements are differentiated in terms of execution classes.
This European Standard applies to structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1993 series. Sheet piling, displacement piles and micropiles designed to EN 1993-5 are intended to be executed in accordance with respectively EN 12063, EN 12699 and EN 14199. This European Standard only applies to the execution of waling, bracing, and connections.
This European Standard applies to steel components in composite steel and concrete structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1994 series.
This European Standard can be used for structures designed according to other design rules provided that conditions for execution comply with them and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard includes the requirements for the welding of reinforcing steels to structural steels. This European Standard does not include requirements for the use of reinforcing steels for reinforced concrete applications.
- Standard204 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard210 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for the execution, i.e. the manufacture and the installation, of cold-formed structural steel members and sheeting and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor, wall and cladding applications.
This European Standard applies to structures designed according to the EN 1993 series.
This European Standard applies to structural members and sheeting to be designed according to EN 1993 1 3.
This European Standard may be used for structures designed according to other design rules provided that conditions for execution comply with them and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard also specifies requirements for the execution i.e. the manufacture and the installation of structures made from cold formed profiled sheeting for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications under predominately static loading or seismic loading conditions and their documentation.
This European Standard covers sheeting of structural classes I and II according to EN 1993 1 3 used in structures.
This European Standard covers structural members of all structural classes according to EN 1993 1 3.
Structural sheeting are understood here to be:
- profiled sheet, such as trapezoidal, sinusoidal or liner trays (Figure 1), or
Structural members are understood here to be:
- members (linear profiled cross sections) that are produced by cold forming (Figure 2).
This European Standard also covers:
- not welded built-up sections (Figure 2b and 2c);
- cold-formed hollow sections including the welding of the longitudinal seam, not covered by EN 10219 1;
- perforated, punctured and micro profiled sheeting and members;
NOTE 1 Welded built-up sections, are not covered, the execution provisions are given in EN 1090–2.
This European Standard also covers spacer constructions between the outer and inner or upper and lower skins for roofs, walls and ceilings made from cold-formed profiled sheeting and the connections and attachments of the afore mentioned elements as long as all are involved in load transfer.
This European Standard covers steel profiled sheeting for composite floors, e.g. during installation and in stage of pouring concrete.
Composite structural members where the interaction between dissimilar materials are an integral part of the structural behaviour such as sandwich panels and composite floors are not covered by this standard.
This European Standard does not cover the necessary analyses and detailing and execution rules for thermal insulation, moisture protection, noise control and fire protection.
This European Standard does not cover regulations of roof cladding and wall cladding, produced by traditional plumber methods or tinsmith methods.
Annex B of this standard concerns provisions which are not yet included in EN 1993 1 3. The guidelines in this annex may be wholly or partially superseded by future guidelines added to EN 1993.
This European Standard does not cover detailed requirements for water tightness or air permeability resistance and thermal aspects of sheeting.
NOTE 2 The structures covered in this standard can be for example
- single- or multi-skin roofs, whereby the load-bearing structure (lower skin) or the actual roof covering (upper skin) or both consist of cold-formed structural members and sheeting;
- single- or multi-skin walls whereby the load-bearing structure (inner skin), the actual cladding (outer skin) or both consist of cold-formed structural members and sheeting, or
- trusses from cold formed members.
NOTE 3 Structures can consist of an assembly of structural members and sheeting made of steel according to EN 1090–4 and of aluminium according to EN 1090-5.
- Standard91 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard96 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-9:2018 specifies the performance requirements for protective paint systems for offshore and related structures (i.e. those exposed to the marine atmosphere, as well as those immersed in sea or brackish water). Such structures are exposed to environments of corrosivity category CX (offshore) and immersion category Im4 as defined in ISO 12944‑2.
ISO 12944-9:2018 describes paint systems for high durability according to ISO 12944‑1.
ISO 12944-9:2018 is applicable to structures made of carbon steel and does not cover Cd/Bi Cr and Zn/Bi Cr surfaces. It is not applicable to surfaces under insulation or concrete.
This document is applicable for paint systems intended for a service temperature range between −20 °C and +80 °C, and the performance testing is aimed at verifying suitability of the paint systems for this temperature range.
ISO 12944-9:2018 is applicable for paint systems for submerged service (Im4) which are intended for ambient operating temperatures up to a maximum of 50 °C.
ISO 12944-9:2018 specifies:
- the test methods to be used to determine the composition of the separate components of the protective paint system;
- the laboratory performance test methods for the assessment of the likely durability of the protective paint system;
- the criteria to be used to evaluate the results of performance tests.
ISO 12944-9:2018 covers the requirements for new work and any repairs necessary before start-up. It can also be used in relation to maintenance where complete refurbishment is carried out and the underlying metal substrate is completely exposed by abrasive blast-cleaning.
ISO 12944-9:2018 does not address maintenance in general where methods of surface preparation other than abrasive blast-cleaning are typically used.
ISO 12944-9:2018 deals with structures, made of carbon steel of not less than 3 mm thickness, which are designed using an approved strength calculation.
The following are not covered by this document:
- structures built of stainless steel as well as those built of copper, titanium or aluminium or their alloys;
- steel cables;
- buried structures;
- pipelines;
- the interiors of storage tanks.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-8:2017 covers the development of specifications for corrosion protection of steel structures using protective paint systems. It relates to new work and maintenance in the workshop or on site and is also applicable to the corrosion protection of individual components. ISO 12944-8:2017 covers the corrosion protection of steel structures exposed to different corrosion stresses by environments such as indoors, open-air and immersion in water or burial in soil, as well as special stresses, due for example, to medium or high temperatures. The need for different durability ranges is considered.
Steel surfaces that have been hot-dip-galvanized, metal-sprayed, zinc-electroplated or sherardized, and previously painted steel surfaces, are also covered by ISO 12944-8:2017.
In ISO 12944-8:2017, reference areas for assessing the quality of the corrosion protection work and the performance of the protective paint systems used are dealt with. ISO 12944-8:2017 provides detailed flow charts for planning new work and maintenance, which are taken into account when writing a specification.
ISO 12944-8:2017 can also be used as a guide if extreme corrosion stresses or high temperatures occur, or if the protective paint systems are to be used on other substrates, such as non-ferrous metals or concrete, to define suitable specifications.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-3:2017 deals with the basic criteria for the design of steel structures to be coated by protective paint systems in order to avoid premature corrosion and degradation of the coating or the structure. It gives examples of appropriate and inappropriate design, indicating how problems of application, inspection and maintenance of paint systems can be avoided. Design measures which facilitate handling and transport of the steel structures are also considered.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-7:2017 deals with the execution and supervision of paint work on steel structures in the workshop or on site.
ISO 12944-7:2017 does not apply to
- the preparation of surfaces to be painted (see ISO 12944‑4) and the supervision of such work,
- the application of metallic coatings, and
- pre-treatment methods, such as phosphating and chromating, and paint application methods, such as dipping, powder coating or coil coating.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-4:2017 covers the following types of surfaces of steel structures consisting of carbon or low-alloy steel, and their preparation:
- uncoated surfaces;
- surfaces thermally sprayed with zinc, aluminium or their alloys;
- hot-dip-galvanized surfaces;
- zinc-electroplated surfaces;
- sherardized surfaces;
- surfaces painted with prefabrication primer;
- other painted surfaces.
ISO 12944-4:2017 defines a number of surface preparation grades but does not specify any requirements for the condition of the substrate prior to surface preparation.
Highly polished surfaces and work-hardened surfaces are not covered by ISO 12944-4:2017.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-1:2017 defines the overall scope of ISO 12944 (all parts). It gives some basic terms and definitions and a general introduction to the other parts of ISO 12944. Furthermore, it includes a general statement on health, safety and environmental protection, and guidelines for using ISO 12944 (all parts) for a given project.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
DOP of 12 months! * 2017-03-22 FJD - No xml version as mother version was not originally published as xml.
- Amendment26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
DOP of 12 months!
2017-03-29 FJD - No xml version as the mother standard EN 1993-4-2:2007 was not edited as an xml deliverable.
- Amendment13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day