91.080.13 - Steel structures
ICS 91.080.13 Details
Steel structures
Structures en acier
Jeklene konstrukcije
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This European Standard specifies requirements for execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components, produced from:
- hot rolled, structural steel products up to and including grade S700;
- cold formed components and sheeting up to and including grade S700 (unless coming within the scope of prEN 1090-4);
- hot finished or cold formed austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and ferritic stainless steel products;
- hot finished or cold formed structural hollow sections, including standard range and custom-made rolled products and hollow sections manufactured by welding.
For components produced from cold formed components, and cold formed structural hollow sections that are within the scope of prEN 1090-4, the requirements of prEN 1090-4 take precedence over corresponding requirements in this European Standard.
This European Standard can also be used for structural steel grades up to and including S960, provided that conditions for execution are verified against reliability criteria and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard specifies requirements, which are mostly independent of the type and shape of the steel structure (e.g. buildings, bridges, plated or latticed components) including structures subjected to fatigue or seismic actions. Certain requirements are differentiated in terms of execution classes.
This European Standard applies to structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1993 series. Sheet piling, displacement piles and micropiles designed to EN 1993-5 are intended to be executed in accordance with respectively EN 12063, EN 12699 and EN 14199. This European Standard only applies to the execution of waling, bracing, and connections.
This European Standard applies to steel components in composite steel and concrete structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1994 series.
This European Standard can be used for structures designed according to other design rules provided that conditions for execution comply with them and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard includes the requirements for the welding of reinforcing steels to structural steels. This European Standard does not include requirements for the use of reinforcing steels for reinforced concrete applications.
- Standard209 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993 1 8
(1) This document gives design methods for the design of joints subject to predominantly static loading using all steel grades from S235 up to and including S700 unless otherwise stated in individual clauses.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 and EN 1993-1-1 apply to this document.
(2) The design methods given in this part of EN 1993 are applicable when the quality of construction is as specified in EN 1090 2 or EN 1090 4, and that the construction materials and products used are those specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Standard216 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
(1) EN 1993-1-5 gives design requirements of stiffened and unstiffened plates which are subject to inplane
forces.
(2) Effects due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling for I-section girders and box
girders are covered. Also covered are plated structural components subject to in-plane loads as in tanks and
silos. The effects of out-of-plane loading are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE 1: The rules in this part complement the rules for class 1, 2, 3 and 4 sections, see EN 1993-1-1.
NOTE 2: For the design of slender plates which are subject to repeated direct stress and/or shear and also
fatigue due to out-of-plane bending of plate elements (breathing) see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-6.
NOTE 3: For the effects of out-of-plane loading and for the combination of in-plane effects and out-of-plane
loading effects see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-1-7.
NOTE 4: Single plate elements may be considered as flat where the curvature radius r satisfies:
t
a
r
2
³ (1.1)
where a is the panel width
t is the plate thickness
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-13
1.1.1 General
(1) This document gives supplementary provisions that extend the application of EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993 1 5 to the design of rolled and welded steel sections with various shapes of web openings. The following cases are considered:
— rolled or welded beams with widely spaced web openings;
— rolled or welded beams with closely spaced web openings;
— cellular beams with circular openings made by cutting and re-welding two parts of steel sections that may be different in dimensions;
— beams with hexagonal and sinusoidal openings made by cutting and re-welding two parts of steel sections that may be different in dimensions.
(2) This document applies to uniform members with I or H profiles, which are symmetric about the weak axis. It does not apply to non-prismatic or curved beams although the same principles can apply.
(3) This document applies to steel beams with web openings that are subjected to sagging (positive) and to beams that are also subjected to hogging (negative) bending moments.
(4) This document covers the verification of the resistance at the openings and their effect on the global behaviour of the beam, including lateral torsional buckling.
(5) Alternative methods are presented for beams with circular openings and with sinusoidal openings in which the forces and resistances are calculated by increments around or along the openings and which are suitable for computer methods.
(6) This document applies to web slenderness, hw/tw, not exceeding 121ε. The local checks at and between adjacent openings apply to web slenderness up to this limit. Tension field action of plate girders is not part of the scope.
NOTE The limit of 121ε corresponds to the section classification for a symmetric steel section and is used as a convenient limit for the application of this document, including asymmetric sections. The material parameter ε is defined in prEN 1993-1-1:2020, 5.2.5 (2).
(7) This document does not cover fatigue. In case of fatigue, EN 1993-1-9 applies.
(8) This document does not cover fire design. For the design in case of fire, EN 1993-1-2 applies.
(9) This document does not cover the buckling verification of members with web openings under axial force.
1.1.2 Shapes of openings
(1) The different shapes of openings that are considered in this document are shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1...
1.1.3 Stiffened openings
(1) This document also covers openings in the web of beams that are reinforced by longitudinal stiffeners and/or transverse stiffeners on one or both sides of the web, see Figure 1.2.
NOTE The National Annex can give rules for alternative types of stiffener.
Figure 1.2...
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-13 are applicable if
— the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and
— the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-2
(1) This document provides rules for the design of steel structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure. This Part of EN 1993 only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design.
(2) This document applies to steel structures required to fulfil a loadbearing function.
(3) This document does not include rules for separating function.
(4) This document gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned function and the levels of performance.
(5) This document applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1993 1 1 and are designed accordingly.
(6) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1991-1-2, EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993 1-3, EN 1993-1-4, EN 1993-1-5, EN 1993-1-6, EN 1993-1-7, EN 1993-1-8, EN 1993-1-11, EN 1993-1-13 or EN 1993-1-14.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991(all parts) and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-2 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and/or EN 1090-4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in prEN 1993-1-1:2020, Table 5.1 and Table 5.2 and in prEN 1993-1-3:2022, Table 5.1 and Table 5.2, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply:
- the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation;
- any fire protection measure taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.
- Standard97 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-3
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of cold-formed steel members and sheeting.
(2) This document applies to cold-formed steel products made from coated or uncoated hot- or cold-rolled sheet or strip, which have been cold-formed by processes such as roll-forming or press braking. It also covers sheeting and members which are curved during fabrication by continuous bending or roll-forming. Sheeting which has the curvature created by crushing the inner flanges is not included. This document is also applicable to the design of profiled steel sheeting for composite steel and concrete slabs at the construction stage, see EN 1994. The execution of steel structures made of cold-formed steel members and sheeting is covered in EN 1090 4. Provisions for bolted connections are provided in EN 1090 2.
NOTE The rules in prEN 1993 1 3 complement the rules in other parts of EN 1993 1.
(3) Methods are also given for stressed-skin design, using steel sheeting as a structural diaphragm.
(4) This document does not apply to cold-formed circular and rectangular structural hollow sections supplied to EN 10219, for which reference is made to EN 1993 1 1 and EN 1993 1 8.
(5) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design assisted by testing.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993 1 3 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 4, the execution quality of bolted connections is as specified in EN 1090 2, and
- the construction materials and products are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
- the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents;
- EN, EAD and ETA standards for construction products relevant to steel structures.
- Standard209 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components, produced from:
- hot rolled, structural steel products up to and including grade S700;
- cold formed components and sheeting up to and including grade S700 (unless coming within the scope of prEN 1090-4);
- hot finished or cold formed austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and ferritic stainless steel products;
- hot finished or cold formed structural hollow sections, including standard range and custom-made rolled products and hollow sections manufactured by welding.
For components produced from cold formed components, and cold formed structural hollow sections that are within the scope of prEN 1090-4, the requirements of prEN 1090-4 take precedence over corresponding requirements in this European Standard.
This European Standard can also be used for structural steel grades up to and including S960, provided that conditions for execution are verified against reliability criteria and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard specifies requirements, which are mostly independent of the type and shape of the steel structure (e.g. buildings, bridges, plated or latticed components) including structures subjected to fatigue or seismic actions. Certain requirements are differentiated in terms of execution classes.
This European Standard applies to structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1993 series. Sheet piling, displacement piles and micropiles designed to EN 1993-5 are intended to be executed in accordance with respectively EN 12063, EN 12699 and EN 14199. This European Standard only applies to the execution of waling, bracing, and connections.
This European Standard applies to steel components in composite steel and concrete structures designed according to the relevant part of the EN 1994 series.
This European Standard can be used for structures designed according to other design rules provided that conditions for execution comply with them and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard includes the requirements for the welding of reinforcing steels to structural steels. This European Standard does not include requirements for the use of reinforcing steels for reinforced concrete applications.
- Standard209 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-3
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of cold-formed steel members and sheeting.
(2) This document applies to cold-formed steel products made from coated or uncoated hot- or cold-rolled sheet or strip, which have been cold-formed by processes such as roll-forming or press braking. It also covers sheeting and members which are curved during fabrication by continuous bending or roll-forming. Sheeting which has the curvature created by crushing the inner flanges is not included. This document is also applicable to the design of profiled steel sheeting for composite steel and concrete slabs at the construction stage, see EN 1994. The execution of steel structures made of cold-formed steel members and sheeting is covered in EN 1090 4. Provisions for bolted connections are provided in EN 1090 2.
NOTE The rules in prEN 1993 1 3 complement the rules in other parts of EN 1993 1.
(3) Methods are also given for stressed-skin design, using steel sheeting as a structural diaphragm.
(4) This document does not apply to cold-formed circular and rectangular structural hollow sections supplied to EN 10219, for which reference is made to EN 1993 1 1 and EN 1993 1 8.
(5) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design assisted by testing.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993 1 3 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 4, the execution quality of bolted connections is as specified in EN 1090 2, and
- the construction materials and products are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
- the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents;
- EN, EAD and ETA standards for construction products relevant to steel structures.
- Standard209 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of FprEN 1993-1-8
(1) FprEN 1993-1-8 provides rules for structural design of joints subject to predominantly static loading using all steel grades from S235 up to and including S700, unless otherwise stated in individual clauses.
NOTE As an alternative to the design rules provided in Clause 9, the design rules given in CEN/TR 1993-1-801 "Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1 801: Hollow section joints design according to the component method" can be used.
(2) The provisions in this document apply to steels complying with the requirements given in EN 1993 1 1 and to material thickness greater than or equal to 3 mm, unless otherwise stated in individual clauses.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other relevant parts of EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in FprEN 1993-1-8 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2,
and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Standard216 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-5
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of stiffened and unstiffened nominally flat plates which are subject to in-plane forces.
(2) Non-uniform stress distributions due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling are covered. The effects of out-of-plane loading are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE 1 The rules in this part complement the rules for class 1, 2, 3 and 4 sections, see EN 1993-1-1.
NOTE 2 For the design of slender plates which are subject to repeated direct stress and/or shear and also fatigue due to out-of-plane bending of plate elements ("breathing"), see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-6.
NOTE 3 For the effects of out-of-plane loading and for the combination of in-plane effects and out-of-plane loading effects, see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-1-7.
(3) Single plate elements are considered as nominally flat where the curvature radius r in the direction perpendicular to the compression satisfies, as illustrated in Figure 1.1:
r≥b^2/t (1.1)
where
b is the panel width;
t is the plate thickness.
Figure 1.1 - Definition of plate curvature
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, the EN 1991 series and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-5 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series or in the relevant material product specifications.
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-2
(1) This document provides rules for the design of steel structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure. This Part of EN 1993 only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design.
(2) This document applies to steel structures required to fulfil a loadbearing function.
(3) This document does not include rules for separating function.
(4) This document gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned function and the levels of performance.
(5) This document applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1993 1 1 and are designed accordingly.
(6) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1991-1-2, EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993 1-3, EN 1993-1-4, EN 1993-1-5, EN 1993-1-6, EN 1993-1-7, EN 1993-1-8, EN 1993-1-11, EN 1993-1-13 or EN 1993-1-14.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991(all parts) and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-2 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and/or EN 1090-4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in prEN 1993-1-1:2020, Table 5.1 and Table 5.2 and in prEN 1993-1-3:2022, Table 5.1 and Table 5.2, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply:
- the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation;
- any fire protection measure taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.
- Standard97 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides requirements for the statistical distribution of material properties and dimensional parameters of structural steel products, allowing the proof of consistency of the safety approach of the properties of the product standards compared to those of the design standards for the design of steel buildings. It also describes the evaluation procedures for the verification of the compliance of structural steels with these requirements.
This document applies for the following structural steel products intended for buildings: hot rolled and welded I- and H-sections, hot rolled plates rolled on a reversing mill, sheets/plates cut from hot-rolled wide strip and hot finished and cold formed welded structural hollow sections.
It is intended to be used as a background document to support the assessment of the partial factors for steel constructions (as detailed in EN 1993-1-1).
This document can be used for neither product ordering nor certification.
NOTE The background of statistical requirements on mechanical properties and geometrical parameters is detailed in EN 1993-1-1:2022, Annex E.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the general requirements for structural bolting in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as fabricated components, in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of ISO 17607.
- Standard90 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for fabrication in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as fabricated components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard120 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines general requirements for the execution of structural steelwork for: — structural steel buildings; — general structures, designed, fabricated, and erected in a manner similar to buildings with building-like load-resisting elements, e.g. support framing for equipment, tanks, vessels, and pipelines; — crane-supporting structures; — typical roadway and pedestrian bridges including those constructed using rolled sections, welded plate girders, or trusses (lattices). This document applies to structures or fabricated components that are produced from: — hot-rolled and cold-formed structural steel products up to and including a nominal yield strength of 700 MPa with a thickness of 3 mm and above; — hot-finished and cold-formed structural steel hollow sections, up to and including a nominal yield strength of 700 MPa, including standard range and custom-made rolled products and hollow sections manufactured by welding. This document also applies to steel components in composite steel and concrete structures, and in structures combining steel with other materials. This document defines requirements independent of the type and shape of the steel structure, including structures subjected to fatigue or seismic loading. The requirements are expressed in terms of execution levels. This document does not define all requirements for other types of fabricated steel structures (e.g. railway bridges, roadway and pedestrian bridges using welded box sections or arch boxes, cable-supported bridges over 100 m span, moving bridges, monorails, steel towers, masts, chimneys, silos, tanks, pipelines, antennae, offshore platforms). However, this document provides general guidance regarding fabrication and erection practices that may be used together with the appropriate ISO, regional or national design standards for such structures. This document does not cover requirements for the following: — sheeting; — fabrication of stainless steels. This document does not apply to design of steel structures. NOTE Design is inextricably a part of the design-fabrication-erection sequence, including the application of tolerances, and cannot be considered in isolation. This document is intended to be used, as appropriate, together with national standards and other documents, observing the provisions in this document concerning such use.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for erection of steels used in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard83 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for welding in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for the constituent products of steels and steel products used in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as fabricated components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides requirements for the statistical distribution of material properties and dimensional parameters of structural steel products, allowing the proof of consistency of the safety approach of the properties of the product standards compared to those of the design standards for the design of steel buildings. It also describes the evaluation procedures for the verification of the compliance of structural steels with these requirements.
This document applies for the following structural steel products intended for buildings: hot rolled and welded I- and H-sections, hot rolled plates rolled on a reversing mill, sheets/plates cut from hot-rolled wide strip and hot finished and cold formed welded structural hollow sections.
It is intended to be used as a background document to support the assessment of the partial factors for steel constructions (as detailed in EN 1993-1-1).
This document can be used for neither product ordering nor certification.
NOTE The background of statistical requirements on mechanical properties and geometrical parameters is detailed in EN 1993-1-1:2022, Annex E.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
(1) This document provides an alternative method for the stability verification of steel members under compression axial force and bending moment, with reference to EN 1993 1 1.
NOTE For the applicability of this document, see Clause 4.
(2) The method given in this document applies to uniform steel members with double symmetric cross-section under axial compression force and bi-axial bending.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993 1 1
(1) EN 1993 1 1 gives basic design rules for steel structures.
(2) It also gives supplementary provisions for the structural design of steel buildings. These supplementary provisions are indicated by the letter "B" after the paragraph number, thus ( )B.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to EN 1993 1 1.
(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents, EN 1090 2, EN 1090 4 and ENs, EADs and ETAs for construction products relevant to steel structures.
- Standard120 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of FprEN 1993 1 1
(1) FprEN 1993 1 1 gives basic design rules for steel structures.
(2) It also gives supplementary provisions for the structural design of steel buildings. These supplementary provisions are indicated by the letter "B" after the paragraph number, thus ( )B.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to FprEN 1993 1 1.
(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents, EN 1090 2, EN 1090 4 and ENs, EADs and ETAs for construction products relevant to steel structures.
- Standard120 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
(1) This document provides an alternative method for the stability verification of steel members under compression axial force and bending moment, with reference to EN 1993 1 1.
NOTE For the applicability of this document, see Clause 4.
(2) The method given in this document applies to uniform steel members with double symmetric cross-section under axial compression force and bi-axial bending.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
DOP of 12 months
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DOP of 12 months
- Amendment4 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations applicable to the following types
of fixed steel offshore structures for the petroleum and natural gas industries:
— caissons, free-standing and braced;
— jackets;
— monotowers;
— towers.
In addition, it is applicable to compliant bottom founded structures, steel gravity structures, jack-ups,
other bottom founded structures and other structures related to offshore structures (such as underwater
oil storage tanks, bridges and connecting structures).
This document contains requirements for planning and engineering of the design, fabrication,
transportation and installation of new structures as well as, if relevant, their future removal.
NOTE 1 Specific requirements for the design of fixed steel offshore structures in arctic environments are presented
in ISO 19906.
NOTE 2 Requirements for topsides structures are presented in ISO 19901-3; for marine operations in,
ISO 19901-6; for structural integrity management, in ISO 19901-9 and for the site-specific assessment of jack-ups,
in ISO 19905-1.
- Standard585 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a fire test method and an assessment procedure for determining the contribution of fire protection systems to the fire resistance performance of circular and rectangular steel bars used as tension members.
This document applies to fire protection materials that have already been tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 or EN 13381 8.
For other section shapes such as angles, channels and flats, reference can be made to EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8. This document does not include steel or any other cold formed bar used as reinforcement in concrete construction.
For other solid bar geometries such as oval or triangular cross section, these are subject to a separate test package in accordance with the principles of Clause 5 of this document.
Fire protection performance is determined by testing of unloaded tension members, although additional loaded test evidence can be required for certain product types subject to certain conditions specified in the document.
The method is applicable to all fire protection systems used for the protection of solid bar up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm and includes sprayed fire protection, reactive coatings, cladding protection systems and multi-layer or composite fire protection materials. In the case of rectangular bar, the maximum side length is limited to 130 mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter side length. For dimensions greater than 130 mm it is appropriate to use rectangular or circular hollow sections tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8 provided they have been tested
The method is applicable to all fire protection systems used for the protection of solid bar up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm and includes sprayed fire protection, reactive coatings, cladding protection systems and multi-layer or composite fire protection materials. In the case of rectangular bar, the maximum side length should be limited to 130mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter side length. For dimensions greater than 130mm it is appropriate to use rectangular or circular hollow sections tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8 provided they have been tested in the same orientation.
The evaluation is designed to cover a range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection material, a range of steel bar dimensions, a range of specified temperatures and a range of valid fire protection periods.
The test method is applicable to fire protection systems which are intimately in contact with the bar, or which include an airspace between the bar and the protection system as given in EN 13381-4.
This standard also provides the assessment procedure, which prescribes the analysis of the test data and gives guidance on the procedures to undertake interpolation.
This Standard caters for testing in both vertical and horizontal orientations. Results from horizontally orientated bar may be applied to any orientation, whilst results from vertically orientated bar should only be used for horizontal bars when the data has been corrected in accordance with Annex C.
This standard gives the fire test procedures, carried out to provide data on the thermal characteristics of the fire protection system, when exposed to the standard temperature/time curve specified in Clause 5.1.1 of EN 1363 1.
The assessment procedure is used to establish:
a) on the basis of data derived from testing steel bar, any practical constraints on the use of the fire protection system under fire test conditions (the physical performance);
b) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing steel bar the thermal properties of the fire protection system (the thermal performance).
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined together with application of the results to different steel types and sizes over the range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection system tested.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines and recommendations for the general principles of design appropriate to articles to be hot dip galvanized after fabrication (e.g. in accordance with ISO 1461) for the corrosion protection of, for example, articles that have been manufactured in accordance with EN 1090-2.
This document does not apply to hot dip galvanized coatings applied to continuous wire or sheet (e.g. to EN 10346).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a fire test method and an assessment procedure for determining the contribution of fire protection systems to the fire resistance performance of circular and rectangular steel bars used as tension members.
This Standard applies to fire protection materials that have already been tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 or EN 13381-8 unless all the testing is carried out in accordance with Annex B using a minimum length of 2 000 mm. If testing to EN 13381 4 or EN 13381-8 has not been carried out then loaded testing shall be carried out in accordance with Annex B.
For other section shapes such as angles, channels and flats, reference should be made to EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8. This standard does not include steel or any other cold formed bar used as reinforcement in concrete construction.
For other solid bar geometries such as oval or triangular cross section, these should be subject to a separate test package in accordance with the principles of Clause 5 of this Standard.
Fire protection performance is determined by testing of unloaded tension members, although additional loaded test evidence may be required for certain product types subject to certain conditions specified in the Standard.
The method is applicable to all fire protection systems used for the protection of solid bar up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm and includes sprayed fire protection, reactive coatings, cladding protection systems and multi-layer or composite fire protection materials. In the case of rectangular bar, the maximum side length should be limited to 130mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter side length. For dimensions greater than 130mm it is appropriate to use rectangular or circular hollow sections tested and assessed in accordance with EN 13381 4 and EN 13381 8 provided they have been tested in the same orientation.
The evaluation is designed to cover a range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection material, a range of steel bar dimensions, a range of specified temperatures and a range of valid fire protection periods.
The test method is applicable to fire protection systems which are intimately in contact with the bar, or which include an airspace between the bar and the protection system as given in EN 13381-4.
This standard also provides the assessment procedure, which prescribes the analysis of the test data and gives guidance on the procedures to undertake interpolation.
This Standard caters for testing in both vertical and horizontal orientations. Results from horizontally orientated bar may be applied to any orientation, whilst results from vertically orientated bar should only be used for horizontal bars when the data has been corrected in accordance with Annex C.
This standard gives the fire test procedures, carried out to provide data on the thermal characteristics of the fire protection system, when exposed to the standard temperature/time curve specified in Clause 5.1.1 of EN 1363 1.
The assessment procedure is used to establish:
a) on the basis of data derived from testing steel bar, any practical constraints on the use of the fire protection system under fire test conditions (the physical performance);
b) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing steel bar the thermal properties of the fire protection system (the thermal performance).
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined together with application of the results to different steel types and sizes over the range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection system tested.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines and recommendations for the general principles ofdesign appropriate to articles to be hot dip galvanized after fabrication (e.g.in accordance with ISO 1461) for the corrosion protection of, for example,articles that have been manufactured in accordance with EN 1090-2. This documentdoes not apply to hot dip galvanized coatings applied to continuous wire orsheet (e.g. to EN 10346).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the types of paint and paint system commonly used for corrosion protection of steel structures. It also gives guidelines for the selection of paint systems available for different environments (see ISO 12944-2) except for corrosivity category CX and category Im4 as defined in ISO 12944-2 and different surface preparation grades (see ISO 12944-4), and the durability grade to be expected (see ISO 12944-1).
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
EN 1993-1-5 gives design requirements of stiffened and unstiffened plates which are subject to inplane forces. Effects due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling for I-section girders and box girders are covered. Also covered are plated structural components subject to in-plane loads as in tanks and silos. The effects of out-of-plane loading are outside the scope of this document.
- Amendment4 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-13
1.1.1 General
(1) This document gives supplementary provisions that extend the application of EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-5 to the design of rolled and welded steel sections with various shapes of web openings. The following cases are considered:
- rolled or welded beams with single or widely spaced web openings;
- rolled or welded beams with closely spaced web openings;
- cellular beams with circular openings made by cutting and re-welding two parts of steel sections that may be different in dimensions;
- beams with hexagonal and sinusoidal openings made by cutting and re-welding two parts of steel sections that may be different in dimensions.
(2) This document applies to uniform members with I or H profiles, which are symmetric about the weak axis. It does not apply to non-prismatic or curved beams although the same principles can apply.
(3) This document applies to steel beams with web openings that are subjected to sagging (positive) or to hogging (negative) bending moments.
(4) This document covers the verification of the resistance at the openings and their effects on the global behaviour of the beam, including lateral torsional buckling.
(5) Alternative methods are presented for beams with circular openings and with sinusoidal openings in which the forces and resistances are calculated by increments around or along the openings and which are suitable for computer methods.
(6) This document applies to web slenderness, hw/tw, not exceeding 121ε. The local checks at and between adjacent openings apply to web slenderness up to this limit. The material parameter ε is defined in EN 1993-1-1:2022, 5.2.5 (2).
NOTE The limit of 121ε is the limit of a Class 4 web for a steel section with equal flanges. It is used as a convenient limit for the application of this document, including mono-symmetric sections.
(7) This document does not cover fatigue. In case of fatigue, EN 1993-1-9 applies.
(8) This document does not cover fire design. For the design in case of fire, EN 1993-1-2 applies.
(9) This document does not cover the buckling verification of members with web openings under axial force.
1.1.2 Shapes of web openings
(1) The different shapes of web openings that are considered in this document are shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 - Different shapes of web openings in steel beams
1.1.3 Stiffened openings
(1) This document also covers openings in the web of beams that are reinforced by longitudinal stiffeners and/or transverse stiffeners on one or both sides of the web, see Figure 1.2.
NOTE The National Annex can give rules for alternative types of stiffener.
Figure 1.2 - Stiffening of openings in beam webs
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, the EN 1991 series and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-13 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for the execution, i.e. the manufacture and the installation, of cold-formed structural steel members and sheeting and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor, wall and cladding applications.
This European Standard applies to structures designed according to the EN 1993 series.
This European Standard applies to structural members and sheeting to be designed according to EN 1993 1 3.
This European Standard may be used for structures designed according to other design rules provided that conditions for execution comply with them and any necessary additional requirements are specified.
This European Standard also specifies requirements for the execution i.e. the manufacture and the installation of structures made from cold formed profiled sheeting for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications under predominately static loading or seismic loading conditions and their documentation.
This European Standard covers sheeting of structural classes I and II according to EN 1993 1 3 used in structures.
This European Standard covers structural members of all structural classes according to EN 1993 1 3.
Structural sheeting are understood here to be:
- profiled sheet, such as trapezoidal, sinusoidal or liner trays (Figure 1), or
Structural members are understood here to be:
- members (linear profiled cross sections) that are produced by cold forming (Figure 2).
This European Standard also covers:
- not welded built-up sections (Figure 2b and 2c);
- cold-formed hollow sections including the welding of the longitudinal seam, not covered by EN 10219 1;
- perforated, punctured and micro profiled sheeting and members;
NOTE 1 Welded built-up sections, are not covered, the execution provisions are given in EN 1090–2.
This European Standard also covers spacer constructions between the outer and inner or upper and lower skins for roofs, walls and ceilings made from cold-formed profiled sheeting and the connections and attachments of the afore mentioned elements as long as all are involved in load transfer.
This European Standard covers steel profiled sheeting for composite floors, e.g. during installation and in stage of pouring concrete.
Composite structural members where the interaction between dissimilar materials are an integral part of the structural behaviour such as sandwich panels and composite floors are not covered by this standard.
This European Standard does not cover the necessary analyses and detailing and execution rules for thermal insulation, moisture protection, noise control and fire protection.
This European Standard does not cover regulations of roof cladding and wall cladding, produced by traditional plumber methods or tinsmith methods.
Annex B of this standard concerns provisions which are not yet included in EN 1993 1 3. The guidelines in this annex may be wholly or partially superseded by future guidelines added to EN 1993.
This European Standard does not cover detailed requirements for water tightness or air permeability resistance and thermal aspects of sheeting.
NOTE 2 The structures covered in this standard can be for example
- single- or multi-skin roofs, whereby the load-bearing structure (lower skin) or the actual roof covering (upper skin) or both consist of cold-formed structural members and sheeting;
- single- or multi-skin walls whereby the load-bearing structure (inner skin), the actual cladding (outer skin) or both consist of cold-formed structural members and sheeting, or
- trusses from cold formed members.
NOTE 3 Structures can consist of an assembly of structural members and sheeting made of steel according to EN 1090–4 and of aluminium according to EN 1090-5.
- Standard91 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard96 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components, produced from hot rolled, structural steel products up to and including grade S690; cold formed components and sheeting up to and including grades S700; hot finished and cold formed austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and ferritic stainless steel products; hot finished and cold formed structural hollow sections, including standard range and custom-made rolled products and hollow sections manufactured by welding.
- Standard204 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard210 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Standard defines the requirements for the manufacture of thingauge cold-formed steel elements, the execution of structures made from such elements (e.g. roofs, coverings, walls, floors, ceilings and purlins) under predominantly static loading conditions and corresponding requirements to documentation. It does cover products of construction class I and II according to EN 1993-1-3 used in structures
- Standard91 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard96 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-9:2018 specifies the performance requirements for protective paint systems for offshore and related structures (i.e. those exposed to the marine atmosphere, as well as those immersed in sea or brackish water). Such structures are exposed to environments of corrosivity category CX (offshore) and immersion category Im4 as defined in ISO 12944‑2.
ISO 12944-9:2018 describes paint systems for high durability according to ISO 12944‑1.
ISO 12944-9:2018 is applicable to structures made of carbon steel and does not cover Cd/Bi Cr and Zn/Bi Cr surfaces. It is not applicable to surfaces under insulation or concrete.
This document is applicable for paint systems intended for a service temperature range between −20 °C and +80 °C, and the performance testing is aimed at verifying suitability of the paint systems for this temperature range.
ISO 12944-9:2018 is applicable for paint systems for submerged service (Im4) which are intended for ambient operating temperatures up to a maximum of 50 °C.
ISO 12944-9:2018 specifies:
- the test methods to be used to determine the composition of the separate components of the protective paint system;
- the laboratory performance test methods for the assessment of the likely durability of the protective paint system;
- the criteria to be used to evaluate the results of performance tests.
ISO 12944-9:2018 covers the requirements for new work and any repairs necessary before start-up. It can also be used in relation to maintenance where complete refurbishment is carried out and the underlying metal substrate is completely exposed by abrasive blast-cleaning.
ISO 12944-9:2018 does not address maintenance in general where methods of surface preparation other than abrasive blast-cleaning are typically used.
ISO 12944-9:2018 deals with structures, made of carbon steel of not less than 3 mm thickness, which are designed using an approved strength calculation.
The following are not covered by this document:
- structures built of stainless steel as well as those built of copper, titanium or aluminium or their alloys;
- steel cables;
- buried structures;
- pipelines;
- the interiors of storage tanks.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-7:2017 deals with the execution and supervision of paint work on steel structures in the workshop or on site.
ISO 12944-7:2017 does not apply to
- the preparation of surfaces to be painted (see ISO 12944‑4) and the supervision of such work,
- the application of metallic coatings, and
- pre-treatment methods, such as phosphating and chromating, and paint application methods, such as dipping, powder coating or coil coating.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-3:2017 deals with the basic criteria for the design of steel structures to be coated by protective paint systems in order to avoid premature corrosion and degradation of the coating or the structure. It gives examples of appropriate and inappropriate design, indicating how problems of application, inspection and maintenance of paint systems can be avoided. Design measures which facilitate handling and transport of the steel structures are also considered.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-4:2017 covers the following types of surfaces of steel structures consisting of carbon or low-alloy steel, and their preparation:
- uncoated surfaces;
- surfaces thermally sprayed with zinc, aluminium or their alloys;
- hot-dip-galvanized surfaces;
- zinc-electroplated surfaces;
- sherardized surfaces;
- surfaces painted with prefabrication primer;
- other painted surfaces.
ISO 12944-4:2017 defines a number of surface preparation grades but does not specify any requirements for the condition of the substrate prior to surface preparation.
Highly polished surfaces and work-hardened surfaces are not covered by ISO 12944-4:2017.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-8:2017 covers the development of specifications for corrosion protection of steel structures using protective paint systems. It relates to new work and maintenance in the workshop or on site and is also applicable to the corrosion protection of individual components. ISO 12944-8:2017 covers the corrosion protection of steel structures exposed to different corrosion stresses by environments such as indoors, open-air and immersion in water or burial in soil, as well as special stresses, due for example, to medium or high temperatures. The need for different durability ranges is considered.
Steel surfaces that have been hot-dip-galvanized, metal-sprayed, zinc-electroplated or sherardized, and previously painted steel surfaces, are also covered by ISO 12944-8:2017.
In ISO 12944-8:2017, reference areas for assessing the quality of the corrosion protection work and the performance of the protective paint systems used are dealt with. ISO 12944-8:2017 provides detailed flow charts for planning new work and maintenance, which are taken into account when writing a specification.
ISO 12944-8:2017 can also be used as a guide if extreme corrosion stresses or high temperatures occur, or if the protective paint systems are to be used on other substrates, such as non-ferrous metals or concrete, to define suitable specifications.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-1:2017 defines the overall scope of ISO 12944 (all parts). It gives some basic terms and definitions and a general introduction to the other parts of ISO 12944. Furthermore, it includes a general statement on health, safety and environmental protection, and guidelines for using ISO 12944 (all parts) for a given project.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
DOP of 12 months! * 2017-03-22 FJD - No xml version as mother version was not originally published as xml.
- Amendment26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
DOP of 12 months!
2017-03-29 FJD - No xml version as the mother standard EN 1993-4-2:2007 was not edited as an xml deliverable.
- Amendment13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-2:2017 deals with the classification of the principal environments to which steel structures are exposed, and the corrosivity of these environments. ISO 12944-2:2017
- defines atmospheric-corrosivity categories, based on mass loss (or thickness loss) by standard specimens, and describes typical natural atmospheric environments to which steel structures are exposed, giving advice on the estimation of the corrosivity,
- describes different categories of environment for structures immersed in water or buried in soil, and
- gives information on some special corrosion stresses that can cause a significant increase in corrosion rate or place higher demands on the performance of the protective paint system.
The corrosion stresses associated with a particular environment or corrosivity category represent one essential parameter governing the selection of protective paint systems.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
DOP of 12 months!
- Amendment26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies laboratory test methods and test conditions for the assessment of paint
systems for the corrosion protection of carbon steel structures.
The test results are intended to be considered as an aid in the selection of suitable paint systems and
not as exact information for determining durability.
This document covers protective paint systems designed for application to uncoated steel, hot dip
galvanized steel according to ISO 1461 and steel surfaces with thermal-sprayed metallic coating
according to ISO 2063-1 and ISO 2063-2.
This document does not apply to protective paint systems for electroplated or painted steel.
The environments for corrosivity categories C2 to C5 and Im1 to Im3 defined in ISO 12944-2 are
considered.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard deals with performance requirements for protective paint systems for offshore and related structures (i.e. those exposed to the marine atmosphere, as well as those immersed in sea or brackish water). Such structures are exposed to environments of corrosivity category CX (offshore) and immersion category Im4 as defined in ISO 12944-2, with special stresses as given in 4.3 and Annex B of ISO 12944-2:1998. ISO 12944-9 can also be used for other structures, provided that the paints or protective paint systems selected comply with this International Standard.
This International Standard places emphasis on high-durability paint systems, with the aim of minimizing maintenance and hence reducing safety considerations and environmental impact.
The temperature range applicable for these paint systems is considered to be between -20 °C and +120 °C, and the performance testing is aimed at verifying suitability of the paint systems for this temperature range. The use of paint systems outside this temperature range shall be subject to agreement by the end user. Such agreement may include testing at the applicable temperatures.
The paint systems for submerged service (Im4) are aimed at ambient operating temperatures up to a maximum of 50 °C. For higher operating temperatures, specific evaluation and performance documentation is needed. The selection of performance requirements should be considered in conjunction with the cathodic protection design parameters.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the overall scope of ISO 12944 (all parts). It gives some basic terms and
definitions and a general introduction to the other parts of ISO 12944. Furthermore, it includes a
general statement on health, safety and environmental protection, and guidelines for using ISO 12944
(all parts) for a given project.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12944-2:2017 deals with the classification of the principal environments to which steel structures are exposed, and the corrosivity of these environments. ISO 12944-2:2017
- defines atmospheric-corrosivity categories, based on mass loss (or thickness loss) by standard specimens, and describes typical natural atmospheric environments to which steel structures are exposed, giving advice on the estimation of the corrosivity,
- describes different categories of environment for structures immersed in water or buried in soil, and
- gives information on some special corrosion stresses that can cause a significant increase in corrosion rate or place higher demands on the performance of the protective paint system.
The corrosion stresses associated with a particular environment or corrosivity category represent one essential parameter governing the selection of protective paint systems.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day