91.120 - Protection of and in buildings
ICS 91.120 Details
Protection of and in buildings
Schutz von und in Gebauden
Protection exterieure et interieure des batiments
Zaščita stavb in v stavbah
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IEC 62561-2:2025 specifies the requirements and tests for
- metallic conductors (other than "natural" conductors) that form part of the air-termination and down-conductor systems, and
- metallic earth electrodes that form part of the earth-termination system.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) definitions of new conductor types mentioned in this document have been added;
b) the document has been updated in line with IEC 60068-2-52:2017 on salt mist treatment;
c) the document has been updated in line with ISO 22479:2019 on humid sulphurous atmosphere treatment;
d) a new normative Annex H for material, configuration and cross-sectional area test has been introduced;
e) a new normative Annex I for applicability of previous tests has been introduced.
f) equipotential earth grid has been introduced.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62561-2:2025 specifies the requirements and tests for - metallic conductors (other than "natural" conductors) that form part of the air-termination and down-conductor systems, and - metallic earth electrodes that form part of the earth-termination system. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) definitions of new conductor types mentioned in this document have been added; b) the document has been updated in line with IEC 60068-2-52:2017 on salt mist treatment; c) the document has been updated in line with ISO 22479:2019 on humid sulphurous atmosphere treatment; d) a new normative Annex H for material, configuration and cross-sectional area test has been introduced; e) a new normative Annex I for applicability of previous tests has been introduced. f) equipotential earth grid has been introduced.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document compares the requirements of selected topics as covered by the following seismic standards (excluding local deviations): a) EN 81-77:2018 (EU); b) ASME 17.1 16 CH 8.4 (USA) / CSA B44-16 CH 8.4 (CAN); c) NZS 4332-1997, NZS1170.5-2004 (NZ); d) AS 1735.1:2016, AS 1735.5 :2001 (AUS); e) BSLJ / GFS:2016 (Japan).
- Technical report56 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Amendment18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method for declaring the technical classification relating to acoustics for a Product Standard including DoP, or European assessment document (EAD) including European Technical Approval (ETA) for a specific building product or equipment, or a family of building products or equipment. In particular, it gives advice on how to write technical specifications in response to the mandated characteristics on acoustics under the Construction Products Regulation.
NOTE 1 In the remainder of this document, the terms used relate to CEN and product standards. The concepts are, however, equally applicable to the European Organisation for Technical Approvals (EOTA).
The purpose of this document is to assist the Technical Committees in preparing acoustic clauses to ensure that such product standards:
- are as homogeneous as possible, with each individual product standard having the same basic structure;
- are in full accordance with the standards for the measurement and declaration of acoustic properties;
- reflect the latest technical knowledge of methods of determining the acoustical properties from the specific family of building products or equipment under consideration.
NOTE 2 Annex A lists the European and International Standards to be used in the drafting of acoustic provisions standards. Annex B contains guidance on choosing appropriate properties. Annex C describes the relevant measured acoustic properties for common products.
- Technical report41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
EN 1998-4 is applicable to the seismic design of on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems, towers, masts and chimneys and ancillary elements attached to the aforementioned structures or in industrial facilities.
- Draft129 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This technical report clarifies, provides and describes the building acoustic properties to be used in a building acoustic data dictionary. Each acoustic property is defined by its attributes as described in the standard EN ISO 23386:2020. The list of building acoustic properties with their attribute definitions is given in the annex of this Technical Specification. This list provides the essential, needed properties to design and to describe building acoustic performance of common building elements and buildings.
These properties are intended to be used as mapping properties for property providers and requesters. The mapping of the identifiers enables the exchange of building acoustic data within different databases.
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IEC 62561-2:2025 specifies the requirements and tests for
- metallic conductors (other than "natural" conductors) that form part of the air-termination and down-conductor systems, and
- metallic earth electrodes that form part of the earth-termination system.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) definitions of new conductor types mentioned in this document have been added;
b) the document has been updated in line with IEC 60068-2-52:2017 on salt mist treatment;
c) the document has been updated in line with ISO 22479:2019 on humid sulphurous atmosphere treatment;
d) a new normative Annex H for material, configuration and cross-sectional area test has been introduced;
e) a new normative Annex I for applicability of previous tests has been introduced.
f) equipotential earth grid has been introduced.
- Standard97 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
1.1 Scope of EN 1998-3
(1) This document is applicable to the assessment and retrofitting of buildings and bridges in seismic regions, namely as given in a) to c):
a) to provide criteria for the assessment of the seismic performance of existing individual buildings and bridges;
b) to describe the procedure to be followed in selecting necessary corrective measures;
c) to set forth criteria for the design of retrofitting measures (i.e. design, structural analysis including intervention measures, final dimensioning of structural parts and their connections to existing structural members).
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, retrofitting covers both the seismic upgrading (e.g. strengthening or adding a passive system) of undamaged structures and the repair and possible upgrading of earthquake-damaged structures.
NOTE 2 Only the most common retrofit techniques are covered in this document. This does not exclude the use of other techniques, which can be developed in each country, based on the strengthening principles of this document.
NOTE 3 Annex D gives flowcharts for the application of this document.
(2) Unless specifically stated, EN 1998-1-1 and EN 1998-5 apply.
(3) Reflecting the performance requirements of EN 1998-1-1:2024, 4.1, this document covers the seismic assessment and retrofitting of buildings and bridges made of the more commonly used structural materials: concrete, steel and composite, timber and masonry.
NOTE Annexes B and C contain additional guidance related to the assessment of timber and masonry structures, respectively, and to their retrofitting when necessary.
(4) This document is intended for the assessment of individual structures, to decide on the need for structural intervention and to design the retrofitting measures that may be necessary. It is not intended for the vulnerability assessment of populations or groups of structures in seismic risk evaluations for various purposes (e.g. for determining insurance risk, for setting risk mitigation priorities, etc.).
(5) This document provides (in its material-specific Clauses 8 to 11) criteria for the verification of the more common retrofitting techniques currently in use.
(6) This document gives specific rules for the assessment and retrofitting relevant to existing buildings and bridges of consequence classes CC1, CC2 and CC3, as defined in EN 1990:2023, 4.3.
(7) Although the provisions of this document are applicable to all common categories of buildings and bridges, the seismic assessment and retrofitting of monuments and heritage structures often requires different types of provisions and approaches, depending on the nature of the monuments and heritage structures.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1998-1-1 apply to this document.
(2) The provisions of this document assume that the data collection and tests are performed by experienced personnel and that the engineer responsible for the assessment, the possible design of the retrofitting and the execution of work has appropriate experience of the type of structures being upgraded or repaired.
(3) It is assumed that inspection procedures, checklists and other data-collection procedures will be documented and filed and referred to in the assessment/design documents.
- Draft201 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods to determine the durability of bondings, prepared by means of adhesive materials (e.g. adhesive tapes and adhesive masses), for the establishment of airtight layers under climatic conditions representative for indoor environments based on test methods with and without ageing.
The methods provided in this document require at least 120 days for aging and are therefore not suitable for a short time evaluation nor can they be applied to in-field testing. This document excludes test methods for external weathering or UV exposure, even though this might occur during the construction phase.
The following typical applications are distinguished:
- bonding of the overlap of flexible airtightness layers;
- bonding of flexible airtightness layers to construction products and penetrations;
- establishment of airtightness layers by means of sheet materials and adhesive tapes.
This document does not apply to test methods for:
- pre-compressed sealing tapes and sealing profiles which will be mechanically secured;
- butyl-based adhesive tapes or adhesive masses;
- sheet joints of wood-based panels or gypsum plasterboards with adhesive masses or filler systems;
- bondings of bitumen membranes or of bitumen membranes to construction products;
- bonding of self-adhesive membranes;
- adhesive masses from reels. Adhesive masses from reels are cured viscoelastic adhesive masses, which are used in the same field of application as adhesive masses.
The tack is not addressed. It does not allow any conclusion on the durability of a bonding.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods to determine the durability of bondings, prepared by means of adhesive materials (e.g. adhesive tapes and adhesive masses), for the establishment of airtight layers under climatic conditions representative for indoor environments based on test methods with and without ageing.
The methods provided in this document require at least 120 days for aging and are therefore not suitable for a short time evaluation nor can they be applied to in-field testing. This document excludes test methods for external weathering or UV exposure, even though this might occur during the construction phase.
The following typical applications are distinguished:
- bonding of the overlap of flexible airtightness layers;
- bonding of flexible airtightness layers to construction products and penetrations;
- establishment of airtightness layers by means of sheet materials and adhesive tapes.
This document does not apply to test methods for:
- pre-compressed sealing tapes and sealing profiles which will be mechanically secured;
- butyl-based adhesive tapes or adhesive masses;
- sheet joints of wood-based panels or gypsum plasterboards with adhesive masses or filler systems;
- bondings of bitumen membranes or of bitumen membranes to construction products;
- bonding of self-adhesive membranes;
- adhesive masses from reels. Adhesive masses from reels are cured viscoelastic adhesive masses, which are used in the same field of application as adhesive masses.
The tack is not addressed. It does not allow any conclusion on the durability of a bonding.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document applies to the design, energy performance of buildings and implementation of ventilation, air conditioning and room conditioning systems for non-residential buildings subject to human occupancy, excluding applications like industrial processes. It focuses on the definitions of the various parameters that are relevant for such systems.
The guidance for design given in this document and accompanying CEN/TR 16798-4 are mainly applicable to mechanical supply and/or exhaust ventilation systems. Natural ventilation systems or natural parts of hybrid ventilation systems are not covered by this document.
Applications for residential ventilation are not covered in this document. Performance of ventilation systems in residential buildings is covered in EN 15665 and CEN/TR 14788.
The classification uses different categories. For some values, examples are given and, for requirements, typical ranges with default values are presented. The default values are given in Annex B and a template for national specification is given in Annex A. It is important that the classification is always appropriate to the type of building and its intended use, and that the basis of the classification is explained if the examples given in this document are not used.
NOTE 1 Different standards can express the categories for the same parameters in a different way, and also the category symbols can be different.
Table 1 shows the relative position of this document within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in EN ISO 52000-1.
NOTE 2 In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2 the same Table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.
NOTE 3 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard might cover more than one module and one module might be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method respectively. See also Clause 2 and Table A.1 and Table B.1.
Table 1 - Position of this standard (in case M5-1, M5-4), within the modular structure of the set of EPB standards
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document applies to the design, energy performance of buildings and implementation of ventilation, air conditioning and room conditioning systems for non-residential buildings subject to human occupancy, excluding applications like industrial processes. It focuses on the definitions of the various parameters that are relevant for such systems.
The guidance for design given in this document and accompanying CEN/TR 16798-4 are mainly applicable to mechanical supply and/or exhaust ventilation systems. Natural ventilation systems or natural parts of hybrid ventilation systems are not covered by this document.
Applications for residential ventilation are not covered in this document. Performance of ventilation systems in residential buildings is covered in EN 15665 and CEN/TR 14788.
The classification uses different categories. For some values, examples are given and, for requirements, typical ranges with default values are presented. The default values are given in Annex B and a template for national specification is given in Annex A. It is important that the classification is always appropriate to the type of building and its intended use, and that the basis of the classification is explained if the examples given in this document are not used.
NOTE 1 Different standards can express the categories for the same parameters in a different way, and also the category symbols can be different.
Table 1 shows the relative position of this document within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in EN ISO 52000-1.
NOTE 2 In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2 the same Table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.
NOTE 3 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard might cover more than one module and one module might be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method respectively. See also Clause 2 and Table A.1 and Table B.1.
Table 1 - Position of this standard (in case M5-1, M5-4), within the modular structure of the set of EPB standards
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- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
EN 1998-2 is intended to be applied to the design of new bridges in seismic regions. It covers the design of reinforced concrete, steel and composite steel-concrete bridges and provides guidance for the design of timber bridges.
EN 1998-2 is applicable to the seismic design of bridges exploiting ductility in structural members or through the use of antiseismic devices. When ductility is exploited, this part primarily covers bridges in which the horizontal seismic actions are mainly resisted through bending of the piers or at the abutments; i.e. of bridges composed of vertical or nearly vertical pier systems supporting the traffic deck superstructure. It is also applicable to the seismic design of arched bridges, although its provisions should not be considered as fully covering these cases.
Suspension bridges and masonry bridges, moveable bridges and floating bridges are not included in the scope of EN 1998-2.
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This document provides an index of typical existing information on the concept, assessment and strategy for seismic resilience of buildings and civil engineering works.
- Technical report13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides explanation and justification to support the correct understanding and use of ISO 52016-3.
- Technical report104 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical report104 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the detailed technical rules to be followed in the development and maintenance of standards intended to support the assessment of the overall energy performance of a building (EPB) using a holistic approach.
This document supports the development and maintenance of a set of EPB standards that provides a systematic, clear, consistent and comprehensive methodology for the benefit of professionals and government entities. The main application is the assessment of the overall energy performance of a building in the context of building regulations, e.g. to specify EP requirements, EP rating and EP certificates.
The rules cover general and common aspects on the required quality, accuracy, usability, consistency and interoperability of the EPB standards as a set and individually. For that purpose, this document provides guidance on the process, structure and layout of these EPB standards and accompanying publications, complementary to the CEN and ISO internal regulations.
This document is based on the basic principles given in CEN/TS 16628, and is complemented by the overarching EPB standard, EN ISO 52000-1 and supporting documents.
- Technical specification40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the basic principles to be followed in the development and maintenance of standards intended to support the assessment of the overall energy performance of a building (EPB) using a holistic approach.
This document supports the development and maintenance of a set of EPB standards that provides a systematic, clear, consistent and comprehensive methodology for the benefit of professionals and government entities. The main application is the assessment of the overall energy performance of a building in the context of building regulations, e.g. to specify EP requirements, EP rating and EP certificates.
The principles cover general and common aspects on the required quality, accuracy, usability, consistency and interoperability of the EPB standards as a set and individually. For that purpose, this document provides guidance on the process, structure and layout of these EPB standards and accompanying publications, complementary to the CEN and ISO internal regulations.
This document forms the basis for detailed technical rules given in CEN/TS 16629, in the overarching EPB standard, EN ISO 52000-1:2017, and in supporting documents.
- Technical specification32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the basic principles to be followed in the development and maintenance of standards intended to support the assessment of the overall energy performance of a building (EPB) using a holistic approach.
This document supports the development and maintenance of a set of EPB standards that provides a systematic, clear, consistent and comprehensive methodology for the benefit of professionals and government entities. The main application is the assessment of the overall energy performance of a building in the context of building regulations, e.g. to specify EP requirements, EP rating and EP certificates.
The principles cover general and common aspects on the required quality, accuracy, usability, consistency and interoperability of the EPB standards as a set and individually. For that purpose, this document provides guidance on the process, structure and layout of these EPB standards and accompanying publications, complementary to the CEN and ISO internal regulations.
This document forms the basis for detailed technical rules given in CEN/TS 16629, in the overarching EPB standard, EN ISO 52000-1:2017, and in supporting documents.
- Technical specification32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the detailed technical rules to be followed in the development and maintenance of standards intended to support the assessment of the overall energy performance of a building (EPB) using a holistic approach.
This document supports the development and maintenance of a set of EPB standards that provides a systematic, clear, consistent and comprehensive methodology for the benefit of professionals and government entities. The main application is the assessment of the overall energy performance of a building in the context of building regulations, e.g. to specify EP requirements, EP rating and EP certificates.
The rules cover general and common aspects on the required quality, accuracy, usability, consistency and interoperability of the EPB standards as a set and individually. For that purpose, this document provides guidance on the process, structure and layout of these EPB standards and accompanying publications, complementary to the CEN and ISO internal regulations.
This document is based on the basic principles given in CEN/TS 16628, and is complemented by the overarching EPB standard, EN ISO 52000-1 and supporting documents.
- Technical specification40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62305-2:2024 is applicable to the risk management of a structure due to lightning flashes to earth.
Its purpose is to provide a procedure for the evaluation of such a risk. Once an upper tolerable limit for the risk has been selected, this procedure provides a means for the selection of appropriate protection measures to be adopted to reduce the risk to or below the tolerable limit.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The concept of a single risk, to combine loss of human life and loss due to fire, has been introduced.
b) The concept of frequency of damage that can impair the availability of the internal systems within the structure has been introduced.
c) The lightning ground strike-point density NSG has been introduced replacing the lightning flash density NG in the evaluation of expected average annual number of dangerous events.
d) Reduction of a few risk components can be achieved by the use of preventive temporary measures activated by means of a thunderstorm warning system (TWS) compliant with IEC 62793. The risk of direct strike to people in open areas has been introduced, considering the reduction of that risk using a TWS.
- Standard125 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 62305 provides general principles for the protection of structures against lightning, including their installations and contents, as well as persons.
The following cases are outside the scope of this document:
- railway systems;
- vehicles, ships, aircraft, offshore installations;
- underground high-pressure pipelines;
− pipe, power and telecommunication lines placed outside the structure;
− nuclear power plants.
NOTE 1 In these cases, structures usually fall under special regulations produced by various specialized authorities. The IEC 62305 series is generally considered as a minimum requirement for these structures. For structures (subsidiary or others) not falling under such special regulations, IEC 62305 still applies.
NOTE 2 Lightning protection of wind turbines is also covered by IEC 61400-24 [14].
NOTE 3 Until any further information by CIGRE is available the lightning current parameters described in this standard may be applied also for offshore installations.
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IEC 62305-4:2024 provides requirements for the design, installation, inspection, maintenance, and testing of surge protection measures (SPM) for electrical and electronic systems to reduce the risk of permanent failures due to lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) within a structure.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of new informative Annex E and Annex F on the determination of current sharing using modelling and current sharing in PV installations respectively;
b) addition of a new informative Annex G on methods of testing of system level behaviour;
c) addition of a new informative Annex H on induced voltages in SPD-protected installations.
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IEC 62305-3:2024 provides the requirements for protection of a structure against physical damage by means of a lightning protection system (LPS), and for protection against injury to human beings due to touch and step voltages in the vicinity of an LPS (see IEC 62305-1).
This document is applicable to the:
a) design, installation, inspection and maintenance of an LPS for structures without limitation of their height,
b) establishment of measures for protection against injury to human beings primarily due to touch and step voltages.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Minimum thicknesses of metal sheets or metal pipes are given in Table 4 for air-termination systems where it is necessary to prevent hot-spot problems. Maximum temperature rises ΔT (K) and time duration t50 (s) for different thicknesses and long strokes are also given.
b) Cross-reference to the IEC 62561 series is made for the use of reliable, stable, safe and appropriate LPS components.
c) The application of two methods – general and simplified – for separation distance calculation is clarified.
d) Some changes to the requirements for continuity of steel reinforcement are made.
e) Annex C is revised to address comments from IEC subcommittee 31J.
f) Revision of positioning of air-termination conductors are modified according to the three accepted methods. A more precise description of the methods for positioning of the air-termination systems are made according to the complexity of structures to be protected. The main text has been simplified, Annex A has been deleted and all detailed information has been moved to Annex D.
g) Information on the protection of green roofs is introduced in Annex D.
h) Information on the protection of protruding parts on facades of tall buildings is introduced in Annex D.
i) a new definition of “electrically insulated LPS” has been introduced to distinguish it from an LPS both electrically and physically isolated from the structure, with a slight modification of the other LPS definitions.
- Standard140 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides explanation and justification to support the correct understanding and use of ISO 52016-3.
- Technical report104 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical report104 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides explanation and justification to support the correct understanding and use of ISO 52016-3.
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This document specifies the utilization and characteristics of instrumentation used to detect seismic events at nuclear power plants with water cooled reactors. The document can also be applied to other nuclear facilities after verifying its applicability. The following types of electrical systems and equipment are not covered by this document: — seismic instrumentation involved in the implementation of nuclear safety functions as defined by IEC 61226, for example automatic shutdown systems; — seismic instrumentation not involved in the implementation of nuclear safety functions as defined by IEC 61226 but which due, for example, to close proximity to other safety classified systems, requires hardware qualification to be performed. Such systems are specified, designed, manufactured, qualified, operated and dismantled according to the relevant requirements of IEC standards, in particular IEC 61513 and the lower level IEC standards according to the safety class and technologies used. Seismic instrumentation used for the implementation of seismic reactor trip systems are developed according to the requirements of IEC 63186. An automatic shutdown system is not covered by this document. This document specifies the requirements to be fulfilled by the seismic instrumentation such that, firstly, it can be ascertained whether any of the design quantities on which the plant walk-down level and the inspection levels are based have been exceeded and that, secondly, the recording of the time history of the earthquake provides the necessary input values for a post-seismic analysis. The requirements are specified such that, independent of the detection and recording system, comparable results within tolerances are achieved in the time range as well as the frequency range.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 62305-2:2024 is applicable to the risk management of a structure due to lightning flashes to earth.
Its purpose is to provide a procedure for the evaluation of such a risk. Once an upper tolerable limit for the risk has been selected, this procedure provides a means for the selection of appropriate protection measures to be adopted to reduce the risk to or below the tolerable limit.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The concept of a single risk, to combine loss of human life and loss due to fire, has been introduced.
b) The concept of frequency of damage that can impair the availability of the internal systems within the structure has been introduced.
c) The lightning ground strike-point density NSG has been introduced replacing the lightning flash density NG in the evaluation of expected average annual number of dangerous events.
d) Reduction of a few risk components can be achieved by the use of preventive temporary measures activated by means of a thunderstorm warning system (TWS) compliant with IEC 62793. The risk of direct strike to people in open areas has been introduced, considering the reduction of that risk using a TWS.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1998-1-1
(1) This document is applicable to the design and verification of buildings and other structures for earthquake resistance. It gives general rules relevant to all types of structures, except for structures belonging to consequence classes CC0 or CC4.
NOTE For further details on consequence class CC4, see 4.2.
(2) This document provides basic performance requirements and compliance criteria applicable to buildings and other structures for earthquake resistance.
(3) This document gives rules for the representation of seismic actions and the description of the design seismic situations.
NOTE Certain types of structures, dealt with in other parts of Eurocode 8, need supplementary rules which are given in those relevant Parts.
(4) This document contains general methods for structural analysis and verification under seismic actions, including base-isolated structures and structures with distributed dissipative systems.
(5) This document contains rules for modelling and verification of ultimate strengths and deformations.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) It is assumed that no change in the structure and in the masses carried by the structure takes place during the construction phase or during the subsequent life of the structure with respect to the design unless proper justification and verification is provided. This applies also to ancillary elements (see 3.1.2). Due to the specific nature of seismic response, this applies even in the case of changes that lead to an increase of the structural resistance.
(3) The design documents are assumed to indicate the geometry, the detailing, and the properties of the materials of all structural members. If appropriate, the design documents are also assumed to include the properties of special devices to be used and the distances between structural and ancillary elements. The necessary quality control provisions are assumed to be specified.
(4) Members of special structural importance requiring special checking during construction are assumed to be identified in the design documents and the verification methods to be used are assumed to be specified.
(5) It is assumed that in the case of high seismic action class (4.1.1(4)), formal quality system plans, covering design, construction, and use, additional to the control procedures prescribed in the other relevant Eurocodes, are specified.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1998-5
(1) This document establishes general principles for the design and assessment of geotechnical systems in seismic regions. It gives general rules relevant to all families of geotechnical structures, to the design of foundations, retaining structures and underground structures and complements EN 1997-3 for the seismic design situation.
(2) This document contains the basic performance requirements and compliance criteria applicable to geotechnical structures and geotechnical systems in seismic regions.
(3) This document refers to the rules for the representation of seismic actions and the description of the seismic design situations defined in EN 1998-1-1 and provides specific definition of the seismic action applicable to geotechnical structures.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
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This document provides a general overview, including terms and definitions and technical specifications for an underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system. A UFAD system includes a raised floor, a zone air handling unit (AHU), an underfloor plenum and underfloor air diffusers. This document is applicable to all types of systems which utilize underfloor plenum to supply conditioned air into the occupied space.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 62305-1:2024 provides general principles for the protection of structures against lightning, including their installations and contents, as well as persons.
The following cases are outside the scope of this document:
- railway systems;
- vehicles, ships, aircraft, offshore installations;
- underground high-pressure pipelines;
- pipe, power and telecommunication lines separated from the structure;
- nuclear power plants.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) reference to the IEC 62561 series is made in Annex D to provide a link to relevant lightning protection system components according to the IEC 62561 series;
b) risk management introduces the concept of types of loss with public relevance;
c) the concept of frequency of damage that can impair the availability of the internal systems within the structure has been introduced;
d) surge currents due to lightning flashes have been more accurately specified for SPD dimensioning in low-voltage power systems and in telecommunication systems.
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IEC 62305-3:2024 provides the requirements for protection of a structure against physical damage by means of a lightning protection system (LPS), and for protection against injury to human beings due to touch and step voltages in the vicinity of an LPS (see IEC 62305-1).
This document is applicable to the:
a) design, installation, inspection and maintenance of an LPS for structures without limitation of their height,
b) establishment of measures for protection against injury to human beings primarily due to touch and step voltages.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Minimum thicknesses of metal sheets or metal pipes are given in Table 4 for air-termination systems where it is necessary to prevent hot-spot problems. Maximum temperature rises ΔT (K) and time duration t50 (s) for different thicknesses and long strokes are also given.
b) Cross-reference to the IEC 62561 series is made for the use of reliable, stable, safe and appropriate LPS components.
c) The application of two methods – general and simplified – for separation distance calculation is clarified.
d) Some changes to the requirements for continuity of steel reinforcement are made.
e) Annex C is revised to address comments from IEC subcommittee 31J.
f) Revision of positioning of air-termination conductors are modified according to the three accepted methods. A more precise description of the methods for positioning of the air-termination systems are made according to the complexity of structures to be protected. The main text has been simplified, Annex A has been deleted and all detailed information has been moved to Annex D.
g) Information on the protection of green roofs is introduced in Annex D.
h) Information on the protection of protruding parts on facades of tall buildings is introduced in Annex D.
i) a new definition of “electrically insulated LPS” has been introduced to distinguish it from an LPS both electrically and physically isolated from the structure, with a slight modification of the other LPS definitions.
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- Technical report59 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric seismic elastomeric isolators used for buildings and the rubber material used in the manufacture of such elastomeric isolators. It is applicable to elastomeric seismic elastomeric isolators used to provide buildings with protection from earthquake damage. The elastomeric isolators covered consist of alternate elastomeric layers and reinforcing steel plates. They are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling structural systems from ground motion, and damping capability to reduce deflection at the isolation interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.
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IEC 62305-2:2024 is applicable to the risk management of a structure due to lightning flashes to earth.
Its purpose is to provide a procedure for the evaluation of such a risk. Once an upper tolerable limit for the risk has been selected, this procedure provides a means for the selection of appropriate protection measures to be adopted to reduce the risk to or below the tolerable limit.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The concept of a single risk, to combine loss of human life and loss due to fire, has been introduced.
b) The concept of frequency of damage that can impair the availability of the internal systems within the structure has been introduced.
c) The lightning ground strike-point density NSG has been introduced replacing the lightning flash density NG in the evaluation of expected average annual number of dangerous events.
d) Reduction of a few risk components can be achieved by the use of preventive temporary measures activated by means of a thunderstorm warning system (TWS) compliant with IEC 62793. The risk of direct strike to people in open areas has been introduced, considering the reduction of that risk using a TWS.
The content of the corrigendum 1 (2024-10) has been included in this copy.
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IEC 62305-4:2024 provides requirements for the design, installation, inspection, maintenance, and testing of surge protection measures (SPM) for electrical and electronic systems to reduce the risk of permanent failures due to lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) within a structure.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of new informative Annex E and Annex F on the determination of current sharing using modelling and current sharing in PV installations respectively;
b) addition of a new informative Annex G on methods of testing of system level behaviour;
c) addition of a new informative Annex H on induced voltages in SPD-protected installations.
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This document explains the relationship of the ISO 22762 series to the design and testing of seismic isolation systems, including the relationship to national seismic codes.
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This document specifies procedures to measure in laboratory the impact sound level reduction of isolated heavy landings connected to a heavy wall, isolated heavy flights of stairs connected to a heavy landing, lower or upper floor, and lightweight stairs connected to a heavy wall, lower or upper floor.
This document also considers the characterization of isolating elements for heavy landings or heavy flights of stairs in terms of an insertion loss expressed as an impact sound level difference. The corresponding procedure is given in a normative annex (Annex A), separated from the other procedures for the sake of clarity.
The tests are performed in defined test configurations and the test results are firstly restricted to the test configurations as described in the test report. The data can be used for comparing the performance of products and as input for EN ISO 12354-2:2017, Annex F, to calculate the sound pressure levels produced by the same stairs and isolating elements when installed in buildings.
The test procedures defined in this document comprise the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5000 Hz.
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