M/591 - Rail system II

This document defines the assessment of endurable longitudinal compressive force (LCF) of a vehicle. The endurable longitudinal compressive force is a parameter depending on the vehicle design. It is used to estimate the risk of derailment of a vehicle as a result of being subjected to longitudinal compressive force, under operating conditions.
NOTE 1   As operating conditions can vary in several aspects (infrastructure, train configurations etc.), this document defines uniform assessments of endurable longitudinal compressive force per vehicle in specific operating conditions. The main assessment of endurable longitudinal compressive force for conventional trains is derived from UIC 530-2:2011, which is based on practical tests performed in ERRI-B12. Assessments of endurable longitudinal compressive force for high-capacity trains in this document are required by the methodology of IRS 40421. IRS 40421 assesses operational train parameters.
This document applies to the following types of vehicles:
-   single wagons;
-   permanently coupled units with standard ends between the vehicles;
-   permanently coupled units with diagonal buffers and screw couplers between the vehicles;
-   permanently coupled units with a bar coupler between the vehicles;
-   articulated units with 2-axle bogies;
-   wagons with 3-axle bogies;
-   low-floor wagons with eight or more axles (e.g. rolling road wagon);
-   vehicles with centre couplers;
-   railbound construction and maintenance machines as defined in EN 14033-1:2017.
NOTE 2   This document defines the acceptance process to be followed by vehicles that are operated in a way that high longitudinal compressive force occur in the trains due to their operational environment (e.g. train composition, brake mode, track layout).
The following vehicles are not in the scope of this document:
-   locomotives and passenger rolling stocks;
-   vehicles that are only operated in passenger trains.
NOTE 3   Locomotives, passenger rolling stocks and vehicles operated in passenger trains only are not in the scope of this document as they either are subject to low longitudinal compressive force in operation or have sufficient endurable longitudinal compressive force due to their axle load.
Acceptance criteria and test conditions as well as conditions for simulation are defined in this document. Conditions for dispensation of the assessment of the endurable longitudinal compressive force are also defined in this document.
This document applies principally to vehicles which operate without restrictions on tracks with a gauge of 1 435 mm in Europe.
NOTE 4   The influence on railway systems using other gauges is not sufficiently understood to extend the scope of this document to gauges other than 1 435 mm.
NOTE 5   For wagons with centre couplers, a need for assessment of derailment risk due to Longitudinal Forces on other gauges (1 524 mm, 1 600 mm, 1 668 mm) has been expressed. The influence on railway systems using other gauges is not sufficiently understood. This document only introduces some notions to assess it independently from the gauge.

This document is applicable to safety-related electronic systems using for digital communication purposes a transmission system which was not necessarily designed for safety-related applications. For transmission systems where the risk of unauthorized access is not negligible, the document defines the interface to the applicable cybersecurity standards.
Both safety-related equipment and non-safety-related equipment can be connected to the transmission system.
This document gives the specific requirements needed to achieve safety-related communication between safety-related equipment connected to the transmission system, while the general system requirements including allocation of safety requirements and content of the safety case are defined in EN 50129.
This document is not applicable to existing systems which had already been accepted prior to the release of this document. However, so far as reasonably practicable, it is applicable to modifications and extensions to existing systems, subsystems and equipment.
This document does not specify:
-   the transmission system;
-   equipment connected to the transmission system;
-   solutions (e.g. for interoperability);
-   which kind of data are safety-related and which are not.
A safety-related equipment connected through an open transmission system can be subjected to many different cybersecurity threats, against which an overall program is defined encompassing management, technical and operational aspects.

This document defines the assessment of endurable longitudinal compressive force (LCF) of a vehicle. The endurable longitudinal compressive force is a parameter depending on the vehicle design. It is used to estimate the risk of derailment of a vehicle as a result of being subjected to longitudinal compressive force, under operating conditions.
NOTE 1   As operating conditions can vary in several aspects (infrastructure, train configurations etc.), this document defines uniform assessments of endurable longitudinal compressive force per vehicle in specific operating conditions. The main assessment of endurable longitudinal compressive force for conventional trains is derived from UIC 530-2:2011, which is based on practical tests performed in ERRI-B12. Assessments of endurable longitudinal compressive force for high-capacity trains in this document are required by the methodology of IRS 40421. IRS 40421 assesses operational train parameters.
This document applies to the following types of vehicles:
-   single wagons;
-   permanently coupled units with standard ends between the vehicles;
-   permanently coupled units with diagonal buffers and screw couplers between the vehicles;
-   permanently coupled units with a bar coupler between the vehicles;
-   articulated units with 2-axle bogies;
-   wagons with 3-axle bogies;
-   low-floor wagons with eight or more axles (e.g. rolling road wagon);
-   vehicles with centre couplers;
-   railbound construction and maintenance machines as defined in EN 14033-1:2017.
NOTE 2   This document defines the acceptance process to be followed by vehicles that are operated in a way that high longitudinal compressive force occur in the trains due to their operational environment (e.g. train composition, brake mode, track layout).
The following vehicles are not in the scope of this document:
-   locomotives and passenger rolling stocks;
-   vehicles that are only operated in passenger trains.
NOTE 3   Locomotives, passenger rolling stocks and vehicles operated in passenger trains only are not in the scope of this document as they either are subject to low longitudinal compressive force in operation or have sufficient endurable longitudinal compressive force due to their axle load.
Acceptance criteria and test conditions as well as conditions for simulation are defined in this document. Conditions for dispensation of the assessment of the endurable longitudinal compressive force are also defined in this document.
This document applies principally to vehicles which operate without restrictions on tracks with a gauge of 1 435 mm in Europe.
NOTE 4   The influence on railway systems using other gauges is not sufficiently understood to extend the scope of this document to gauges other than 1 435 mm.
NOTE 5   For wagons with centre couplers, a need for assessment of derailment risk due to Longitudinal Forces on other gauges (1 524 mm, 1 600 mm, 1 668 mm) has been expressed. The influence on railway systems using other gauges is not sufficiently understood. This document only introduces some notions to assess it independently from the gauge.

This document specifies requirements for fire detection, alarm systems, equipment shutdown, information and communication systems, emergency brake systems and fire fighting systems to cover the objectives specified in EN 45545-1:2013.
The measures and requirements specified in this document aim to protect passengers and staff in railway vehicles in the event of a fire on board by alerting staff and passengers to a fire, delaying the fire development and controlling the movement of smoke.
It is not within the scope of this document to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the railway vehicles in the event of a fire.
This document is applicable to railway vehicles specified in EN 45545-1:2013.

This document specifies requirements for fire detection, alarm systems, equipment shutdown, information and communication systems, emergency brake systems and fire fighting systems to cover the objectives specified in EN 45545-1:2013.
The measures and requirements specified in this document aim to protect passengers and staff in railway vehicles in the event of a fire on board by alerting staff and passengers to a fire, delaying the fire development and controlling the movement of smoke.
It is not within the scope of this document to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the railway vehicles in the event of a fire.
This document is applicable to railway vehicles specified in EN 45545-1:2013.

This document is applicable to safety-related electronic systems using for digital communication purposes a transmission system which was not necessarily designed for safety-related applications. For transmission systems where the risk of unauthorized access is not negligible, the document defines the interface to the applicable cybersecurity standards. Both safety-related equipment and non-safety-related equipment can be connected to the transmission system. This document gives the specific requirements needed to achieve safety-related communication between safety-related equipment connected to the transmission system, while the general system requirements including allocation of safety requirements and content of the safety case are defined in EN 50129. This document is not applicable to existing systems which had already been accepted prior to the release of this document. However, so far as reasonably practicable, it is applicable to modifications and extensions to existing systems, subsystems and equipment. This document does not specify: - the transmission system; - equipment connected to the transmission system; - solutions (e.g. for interoperability); - which kind of data are safety-related and which are not. A safety-related equipment connected through an open transmission system can be subjected to many different cybersecurity threats, against which an overall program is defined encompassing management, technical and operational aspects.

This document specifies the characteristics of wheels for all heavy rail track gauges.
This document applies to heavy rail vehicles and applies, in principle, to other vehicles such as urban rail vehicles. Five steel grades, ER6, ER7, ER8, ERS8 and ER9, are defined in this document.
NOTE 1   Steel grade ERS8 has been introduced in this document as an optimization of steel grades ER8 and ER9 due to contact fatigue (RCF), taking into account service feedback from Europe, for example, BS 5892-3 in force in the United Kingdom.
Some features are provided as a Category 1 or Category 2 function.
The requirements defined in this document apply to cylindrical bores. Most requirements also apply to wheels with tapered bores. Specific requirements for tapered bores (e.g. geometrical dimensions, etc.) are defined in the technical specification.
This document applies to monobloc wheels in vacuum degassed steel, forged and rolled, with surface treated rims, which have already been the subject of extensive commercial applications on a European network or have complied with a technical approval procedure according to EN 13979-1:2020 to validate their design.
Annex A describes the evaluation process for accepting new materials that are not included in this document.
This document defines the requirements to be met for wheels; the technical approval procedure is not part of the scope of this document.
NOTE 2   A "surface-treated rim" is achieved by heat treatment which aims to harden the rim and create compressive residual stress.

This document specifies the characteristics of wheels for all heavy rail track gauges.
This document applies to heavy rail vehicles and applies, in principle, to other vehicles such as urban rail vehicles. Five steel grades, ER6, ER7, ER8, ERS8 and ER9, are defined in this document.
NOTE 1   Steel grade ERS8 has been introduced in this document as an optimization of steel grades ER8 and ER9 due to contact fatigue (RCF), taking into account service feedback from Europe, for example, BS 5892-3 in force in the United Kingdom.
Some features are provided as a Category 1 or Category 2 function.
The requirements defined in this document apply to cylindrical bores. Most requirements also apply to wheels with tapered bores. Specific requirements for tapered bores (e.g. geometrical dimensions, etc.) are defined in the technical specification.
This document applies to monobloc wheels in vacuum degassed steel, forged and rolled, with surface treated rims, which have already been the subject of extensive commercial applications on a European network or have complied with a technical approval procedure according to EN 13979-1:2020 to validate their design.
Annex A describes the evaluation process for accepting new materials that are not included in this document.
This document defines the requirements to be met for wheels; the technical approval procedure is not part of the scope of this document.
NOTE 2   A "surface-treated rim" is achieved by heat treatment which aims to harden the rim and create compressive residual stress.

This part of EN 16432 series specifies how to integrate the particular aspects of ballastless track systems for attenuation of vibration into the system and subsystem design and component configuration according to EN 16432-2:2017.
The general system and subsystem design requirements are assigned from EN 16432-1:2017.
Additional noise and vibration requirements can be project specific and are not provided by this document. Acoustic requirements are considered as input for the track design from the acoustic design. The acoustic design and the track design affect each other and may require an iterative overall design process.
The range of applicability covers all kind of rail systems including Urban Rail systems.

This document is applicable to all electronic equipment for control, regulation, protection, diagnostic, energy supply installed on railway vehicles and any relevant elements of rolling stock subsystems (e.g. external doors, On-Board ETCS functionality, wheel slide protection).
For the purpose of this document, electronic equipment is defined as equipment composed of electronic components (e.g. resistors, capacitors, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, hybrids, application specific integrated circuits, wound components and relays), and recognized associated components (e.g. connectors, mechanical parts). These components are mainly mounted on printed circuit boards.
Sensors (e.g. current, voltage, speed) and semiconductor drive units for power electronic devices are covered by this document. Complete semiconductor drive units and power converters are covered by EN 61287 1.
This document covers the requirements for operating conditions, design, documentation, testing and integration of electronic equipment, as well as hardware and software requirements considered necessary for compliant and reliable equipment.
Specific requirements related to practices necessary to ensure defined safety integrity level or functional safety are not covered by this document. Nevertheless, this document is applicable to the hardware of all rolling stock electronic equipment or systems performing safety-related functions.
The software development requirements for on-board railway equipment are specified by EN 50716.

IEC 61375-1:2026 applies to the architecture of data communication systems in open trains, i.e. it covers the architecture of a communication system for the data communication between vehicles of the said open trains, the data communication within the vehicles and the data communication from train to the ground. The applicability of IEC 61375-1 to the train network technologies allows for interoperability of individual vehicles within open trains in international traffic. The data communication systems inside vehicles are given as recommended solutions to cope with the said TCN. In any case, proof of compatibility between a proposed train backbone and a proposed consist network will have to be brought by the supplier. IEC 61375-1 might be additionally applicable to closed trains and multiple unit trains when so agreed between purchaser and supplier. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Extension of train backbone topologies: aggregated and segregated topology;
b) Added independent consist orientation check with segregated train backbone topology;
c) Introduction of wireless technologies: wireless train backbone and wireless consist network;
d) Possibility of virtual networks;
e) Definition of data classes and protocol requirements suitable for the OMTS domain;
f) New clause about cybersecurity in train communication networks.

This document specifies the requirements for the rescue coupler for train sets compliant with the Technical Specification for Interoperability Locomotives and Passenger rolling stock (TSI Loc & Pas).
This document defines the rescue coupler foreseen to connect rescue vehicle equipped with draw hook, according to EN 15566 together with the train to be rescued equipped with Type 10 automatic coupler according to EN 16019.

This part of EN 16432 series specifies how to integrate the particular aspects of ballastless track systems for attenuation of vibration into the system and subsystem design and component configuration according to EN 16432-2:2017.
The general system and subsystem design requirements are assigned from EN 16432-1:2017.
Additional noise and vibration requirements can be project specific and are not provided by this document. Acoustic requirements are considered as input for the track design from the acoustic design. The acoustic design and the track design affect each other and may require an iterative overall design process.
The range of applicability covers all kind of rail systems including Urban Rail systems.

This document specifies the requirements for the rescue coupler for train sets compliant with the Technical Specification for Interoperability Locomotives and Passenger rolling stock (TSI Loc & Pas).
This document defines the rescue coupler foreseen to connect rescue vehicle equipped with draw hook, according to EN 15566 together with the train to be rescued equipped with Type 10 automatic coupler according to EN 16019.

This document is applicable to all electronic equipment for control, regulation, protection, diagnostic, energy supply installed on railway vehicles and any relevant elements of rolling stock subsystems (e.g. external doors, On-Board ETCS functionality, wheel slide protection). For the purpose of this document, electronic equipment is defined as equipment composed of electronic components (e.g. resistors, capacitors, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, hybrids, application specific integrated circuits, wound components and relays), and recognized associated components (e.g. connectors, mechanical parts). These components are mainly mounted on printed circuit boards. Sensors (e.g. current, voltage, speed) and semiconductor drive units for power electronic devices are covered by this document. Complete semiconductor drive units and power converters are covered by EN 61287 1. This document covers the requirements for operating conditions, design, documentation, testing and integration of electronic equipment, as well as hardware and software requirements considered necessary for compliant and reliable equipment. Specific requirements related to practices necessary to ensure defined safety integrity level or functional safety are not covered by this document. Nevertheless, this document is applicable to the hardware of all rolling stock electronic equipment or systems performing safety-related functions. The software development requirements for on-board railway equipment are specified by EN 50716.

IEC 61375-1:2026 applies to the architecture of data communication systems in open trains, i.e. it covers the architecture of a communication system for the data communication between vehicles of the said open trains, the data communication within the vehicles and the data communication from train to the ground. The applicability of IEC 61375-1 to the train network technologies allows for interoperability of individual vehicles within open trains in international traffic. The data communication systems inside vehicles are given as recommended solutions to cope with the said TCN. In any case, proof of compatibility between a proposed train backbone and a proposed consist network will have to be brought by the supplier. IEC 61375-1 might be additionally applicable to closed trains and multiple unit trains when so agreed between purchaser and supplier. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Extension of train backbone topologies: aggregated and segregated topology; b) Added independent consist orientation check with segregated train backbone topology; c) Introduction of wireless technologies: wireless train backbone and wireless consist network; d) Possibility of virtual networks; e) Definition of data classes and protocol requirements suitable for the OMTS domain; f) New clause about cybersecurity in train communication networks.

This document specifies basic requirements for the braking of trains hauled by locomotives.
This document is applicable for trains hauled by locomotives and vehicles intended for use in general operation or in fixed or predefined formation.
NOTE   This ensures technical compatibility of the brake function between vehicles of various origins in a train (see 5.4).
If concerned, the EN-UIC brake architecture described in this document (see 5.4) is also applicable to brakes for multiple unit train and high speed trains and urban rail described in the EN 16185 series and the EN 15734 series and the EN 13452 series respectively.
This document also takes into account electrical and electronic control functions and additional brake systems like dynamic brakes and adhesion independent brakes.
The brake system requirements, which are specific for railbound construction and maintenance machines are set out in EN 14033-1.

This document specifies basic requirements for the braking of trains hauled by locomotives.
This document is applicable for trains hauled by locomotives and vehicles intended for use in general operation or in fixed or predefined formation.
NOTE   This ensures technical compatibility of the brake function between vehicles of various origins in a train (see 5.4).
If concerned, the EN-UIC brake architecture described in this document (see 5.4) is also applicable to brakes for multiple unit train and high speed trains and urban rail described in the EN 16185 series and the EN 15734 series and the EN 13452 series respectively.
This document also takes into account electrical and electronic control functions and additional brake systems like dynamic brakes and adhesion independent brakes.
The brake system requirements, which are specific for railbound construction and maintenance machines are set out in EN 14033-1.

This document specifies the functional requirements for output and accuracy of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line.

This document is applicable to the system engineering of bogies and running gear for rail vehicles, including those vehicles intended to operate under the Interoperability Directives.
It specifies the requirements to achieve:
-   a satisfactory design of bogie or running gear,
-   validation of the design within its operating envelope, and
-   a maintenance plan
to ensure that the relevant performance and safety criteria are maintained.
The scope of the system engineering process specified in this document includes the design, validation and maintenance of bogies and running gear. No requirements are specified for other systems components that are attached to the bogies or running gear, except to ensure that a satisfactory interface has been provided.
NOTE   Specifications that relate to bogies and running gear can only be considered in the context of a specific vehicle application. Therefore, the performance, including safety, can relate only to the bogies and running gear as part of a vehicle configuration and not to the individual elements of the bogies or running gear.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2.
This document specifies the principles and methods for deployment of the system of axlebox rolling bearing(s), housing, seal(s) and grease, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks.
It covers the conformity assessment with respect to design requirements on the rolling bearing(s) according EN 12080 and grease according EN 12081 as well as the performance of (rig) tests according to EN 12082-1. This document is historically developed for outboard applications with rotating inner rings, but can be used for vehicles with inboard bearing arrangements with rotation inner rings.
The present document describes the complete deployment procedure for new axleboxes and it specifies the necessary type and extent of testing. For certain cases and based on a documented risk assessment, a reduced deployment procedure is described.
This document only applies to axleboxes equipped with rolling bearings and greases according to EN 12080 and EN 12081.
It is not within the scope of EN 12082-2 to specify the technical details of the testing procedures, these are covered by EN 12082-1.
It is not within the scope of EN 12082-2 to define the validation procedure of box housings, sleeves or coves from a structural point of view. The relevance of these parts in the scope of this document is limited to the interaction with the axle box rolling bearing with respect to the required service.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2.
This document specifies the principles and methods for a rig performance test of the system of axlebox rolling bearing(s), housing, seal(s) and grease, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. The necessary type and extent of testing are specified by the deployment procedure specified in EN 12082-2, with respect to design requirements on the axlebox and its components.
This document covers a rig performance test, principles for a field test and a possible example for a water tightness test. Test parameters and minimum performance requirements for vehicles in operation on main lines are specified. Different test parameters and performance requirements may be selected for vehicles in operation on other networks (e.g. urban rail).
This document is historically developed for outboard applications with rotating inner rings, but can be used for vehicles with inboard bearing arrangements with rotating inner rings.
It gives some possible examples where a sequenced rig performance test addresses the broad range of different service conditions within a specific application or vehicle platform.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2. This document specifies the quality parameters of axlebox rolling bearings supporting the load of the vehicle, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. It covers metallurgical and material properties as well as geometric and dimensional characteristics. It also specifies methods for quality assurance and non-destructive testing of the products.

This document specifies the functional requirements for output and accuracy of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line.

This document is applicable to the system engineering of bogies and running gear for rail vehicles, including those vehicles intended to operate under the Interoperability Directives.
It specifies the requirements to achieve:
-   a satisfactory design of bogie or running gear,
-   validation of the design within its operating envelope, and
-   a maintenance plan
to ensure that the relevant performance and safety criteria are maintained.
The scope of the system engineering process specified in this document includes the design, validation and maintenance of bogies and running gear. No requirements are specified for other systems components that are attached to the bogies or running gear, except to ensure that a satisfactory interface has been provided.
NOTE   Specifications that relate to bogies and running gear can only be considered in the context of a specific vehicle application. Therefore, the performance, including safety, can relate only to the bogies and running gear as part of a vehicle configuration and not to the individual elements of the bogies or running gear.

This document specifies the characteristics of wheelsets for all heavy rail track gauges.
This document is applicable to heavy rail vehicles and is applicable, in principle, to other vehicles such as urban rail vehicles.
This document is applicable to wheelsets made from elements defined by the following standards:
- EN 13262: for wheels;
- EN 13261:2024 for axles.
The requirements defined in this document are applicable to cylindrical wheel seats. Most of the requirements are also applicable to wheelsets with conical wheel seats. If needed, specific requirements for conical wheel seats (e.g. press-fitting curves, geometric dimensions...) are defined in the technical specification. Most of the requirements are also applicable to wheelsets with inboard bearings. If needed, specific requirements for inboard bearings wheelsets are defined in the technical specification.
Some characteristics are given according to category 1 or category 2.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2. This document specifies the quality parameters of axlebox rolling bearings supporting the load of the vehicle, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. It covers metallurgical and material properties as well as geometric and dimensional characteristics. It also specifies methods for quality assurance and non-destructive testing of the products.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2.
This document specifies the principles and methods for a rig performance test of the system of axlebox rolling bearing(s), housing, seal(s) and grease, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. The necessary type and extent of testing are specified by the deployment procedure specified in EN 12082 2, with respect to design requirements on the axlebox and its components.
This document covers a rig performance test, principles for a field test and a possible example for a water tightness test. Test parameters and minimum performance requirements for vehicles in operation on main lines are specified. Different test parameters and performance requirements may be selected for vehicles in operation on other networks (e.g. urban rail).
This document is historically developed for outboard applications with rotating inner rings, but can be used for vehicles with inboard bearing arrangements with rotating inner rings.
It gives some possible examples where a sequenced rig performance test addresses the broad range of different service conditions within a specific application or vehicle platform into account.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2.
This document specifies the principles and methods for deployment of the system of axlebox rolling bearing(s), housing, seal(s) and grease, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks.
It covers the conformity assessment with respect to design requirements on the rolling bearing(s) according EN 12080 and grease according EN 12081 as well as the performance of (rig) tests according to EN 12082-1. This document is historically developed for outboard applications with rotating inner rings, but can be used for vehicles with inboard bearing arrangements with rotation inner rings.
The present document describes the complete deployment procedure for new axleboxes and it specifies the necessary type and extent of testing. For certain cases and based on a documented risk assessment, a reduced deployment procedure is described.
This document only applies to axleboxes equipped with rolling bearings and greases according to EN 12080 and EN 12081.
It is not within the scope of EN 12082-2 to specify the technical details of the testing procedures, these are covered by EN 12082-1.
It is not within the scope of EN 12082-2 to define the validation procedure of box housings, sleeves or coves from a structural point of view. The relevance of these parts in the scope of this document is limited to the interaction with the axle box rolling bearing with respect to the required service.

This document specifies the characteristics of wheelsets for all heavy rail track gauges.
This document is applicable to heavy rail vehicles and is applicable, in principle, to other vehicles such as urban rail vehicles.
This document is applicable to wheelsets made from elements defined by the following standards:
- EN 13262:20251 for wheels;
- EN 13261:2024 for axles.
The requirements defined in this document are applicable to cylindrical wheel seats. Most of the requirements are also applicable to wheelsets with conical wheel seats. If needed, specific requirements for conical wheel seats (e.g. press-fitting curves, geometric dimensions...) are defined in the technical specification. Most of the requirements are also applicable to wheelsets with inboard bearings. If needed, specific requirements for inboard bearings wheelsets are defined in the technical specification.
Some characteristics are given according to category 1 or category 2.

This document is applicable to new vehicle designs, to modifications to existing vehicles and for checking existing vehicles to be used on another route or network.
This document contains:
-   the rules for rolling stock for all defined gauges;
-   the swept envelope calculation process used for defined dynamic gauges, absolute and comparative process;
-   the list of documents required to assess vehicle conformity to this standard.
This document is applicable to heavy rail vehicles using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

The gauges included in this document have been developed for application on mainline railway networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is a catalogue of reference profiles and their associated rules for the defined gauging process. This document is intended to be used with EN 15273-1:2025, EN 15273-2:2025 and EN 15273-3:2025.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document contains:
-   the definitions and symbols for all EN 15273 documents;
-   the general explanation of various elements and phenomena affecting heavy rail gauging;
-   the general explanation of various calculation methods and processes applicable to the heavy rail gauging that allow the dimensioning of the rolling stock and the infrastructure.
This document is applicable to heavy rail vehicles and networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document:
-   lists the formulae and the associated rules needed to calculate the infrastructure gauge;
-   lists the various phenomena to be taken into account to determine the infrastructure gauge;
-   defines a methodology that may be used to calculate the various profiles from these phenomena;
-   lists the rules to determine the distance between the track centres;
-   lists the rules to be complied with when building the platforms;
-   lists the rules to determine the pantograph gauge;
-   provides recommendations for the various profiles needed to install, verify and maintain infrastructure;
and is applicable for various track gauges.
This document is applicable to heavy rail networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document contains:
-   the definitions and symbols for all EN 15273 documents;
-   the general explanation of various elements and phenomena affecting heavy rail gauging;
-   the general explanation of various calculation methods and processes applicable to the heavy rail gauging that allow the dimensioning of the rolling stock and the infrastructure.
This document is applicable to heavy rail vehicles and networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document:
-   lists the formulae and the associated rules needed to calculate the infrastructure gauge;
-   lists the various phenomena to be taken into account to determine the infrastructure gauge;
-   defines a methodology that may be used to calculate the various profiles from these phenomena;
-   lists the rules to determine the distance between the track centres;
-   lists the rules to be complied with when building the platforms;
-   lists the rules to determine the pantograph gauge;
-   provides recommendations for the various profiles needed to install, verify and maintain infrastructure;
and is applicable for various track gauges.
This document is applicable to heavy rail networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document is applicable to new vehicle designs, to modifications to existing vehicles and for checking existing vehicles to be used on another route or network.
This document contains:
-   the rules for rolling stock for all defined gauges;
-   the swept envelope calculation process used for defined dynamic gauges, absolute and comparative process;
-   the list of documents required to assess vehicle conformity to this standard.
This document is applicable to heavy rail vehicles using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

The gauges included in this document have been developed for application on mainline railway networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is a catalogue of reference profiles and their associated rules for the defined gauging process. This document is intended to be used with EN 15273-1:2025, EN 15273-2:2025 and EN 15273-3:2025.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

IEC 62840-2:2025 provides the safety requirements for a battery swap system, for the purposes of swapping swappable battery system (SBS)/handheld-swappable battery system (HBS) of electric vehicles. The battery swap system is intended to be connected to the supply network. The power supply is up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC in accordance with IEC 60038. This document also applies to battery swap systems supplied from on-site storage systems (e.g. buffer batteries).
Aspects covered in this document:
• safety requirements of the battery swap system and its systems;
• security requirements for communication;
• electromagnetic compatibility (EMC);
• marking and instructions;
• protection against electric shock and other hazards.
This document is applicable to battery swap systems for EV equipped with one or more SBS/HBS.
This document is not applicable to
• aspects related to maintenance and service of the battery swap station (BSS),
• trolley buses, rail vehicles and vehicles designed primarily for use off-road, and
• maintenance and service of EVs.
Requirements for bidirectional energy transfer are under consideration
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) expands the scope to encompass both swappable battery systems (SBS) and handheld swappable battery systems (HBS);
b) introduces stricter interoperability requirements through detailed system interface specifications and defined state transition protocols;
c) enhances data security by defining safety message transmission protocols and integrating telecom network requirements;
d) increases electrical safety protection levels for battery swap stations (BSS) with specified capacitor discharge time limits to mitigate electric shock risks;
e) introduces enhanced mechanical safety requirements for automated battery handling systems, with technical alignment to ISO 10218-1 and ISO 10218-2;
f) strengthens overload and short-circuit protection for BSS through standardized testing methods and overcurrent protection specifications;
g) defines upgraded electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards to ensure system resilience against external interference, supplemented with EMC-related functional safety measures.
This document is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62840-1:2025.

This document describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to both infrastructure and rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this document:
- The definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI.
- This document defines elements which are universally valid for obstacle free travelling including lighting, contrast, tactile feedback, transmission of visual and acoustic information. The definitions and requirements of this document cover the infrastructure and the rolling stock applications.
- This document only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers; it does not define non PRM related requirements and definitions.
- This document assumes that the infrastructure or rolling stock is in its defined operating condition.
- Where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal.
The ‘Accessibility of persons with reduced mobility’ standard is written in two parts:
- Part 2 contains:
- Boarding Aids.

This document describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this document:
—   The definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI
—   This document defines elements which are universally valid for obstacle-free travelling including toilets, elements for sitting, standing and moving and clearways and internal doors. The definitions and requirements of this standard are to be used for rolling stock applications
—   This document only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers; it does not define non-PRM related requirements and definitions.
—   This document assumes that the rolling stock is in its defined operating condition.
—   Where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal requirements.
The 'Equipment and components' standard is written in three parts:
—   Part 1 contains:
—   Toilets
—   Part 2 contains:
—   Handholds
—   Seats
—   Wheelchair spaces
—   This document is Part 3 and contains:
—   Clearways
—   Internal doors.

This document specifies measurement methods and conditions to obtain reproducible and comparable exterior noise emission levels and spectra for all kinds of vehicles operating on rails or other types of fixed track, hereinafter conventionally called “unit”.
This document is applicable to type testing of units.
It provides measurement procedures for vehicle exterior noise (in general, a vehicle type test is carried out using only a selected subset of these tests):
—     when the vehicle is moving at constant speed;
—     when the vehicle is accelerating or decelerating;
—     when the vehicle is stationary in different operating conditions.
It does not include all the instructions to characterize the noise emission of the infrastructure related sources (bridges, crossings, switching, impact noise, curving noise, etc.).
This document does not apply to
—     the noise emission of track maintenance units while working,
—     environmental impact assessment (collection of data to be used in a prediction method for environmental assessment),
—     noise immission assessment,
—     guided buses, and
—     warning signal noise.
The results can be used, for example
—     to characterize the exterior noise emitted by units,
—     to compare the noise emission of various units on a particular track section, and
—     to collect basic source data for units.
NOTE            Additional guidance is provided in Annex E for measurements in the specific case of urban rail vehicles.

This document describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to both infrastructure and rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this document:
—   The definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI.
—   This document defines elements that are universally valid for obstacle-free travelling including lighting, contrast, tactile feedback, transmission of visual and acoustic information. The definitions and requirements of this document cover the infrastructure and rolling stock applications.
—   This document only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers; it does not define non-PRM related requirements and definitions.
—   This document assumes that the infrastructure or rolling stock is in its defined operating condition.
—   Where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal requirements.
The ‘General requirements’ standard is written in three parts:
—   Part 1 contains
—   Contrast
—   Part 2 contains
—   Spoken information
—   Written information
—   Tactile information
—   Pictograms
—   Audible signals
—   This document is Part 3 and contains
—   Lighting
—   Low reflective properties
—   Transparent obstacles
—   Slip resistance.

This European Standard describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to both infrastructure and rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this standard:
—   The definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI.
—   This standard defines elements which are universally valid for obstacle free travelling including lighting, contrast, tactile feedback, transmission of visual and acoustic information. The definitions and requirements of this standard cover the infrastructure and the rolling stock applications.
—   This standard only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers it does not define non PRM related requirements and definitions.
—   This standard assumes that the infrastructure or rolling stock is in its defined operating condition.
—   Where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal requirements.
The ‘General requirements’ standard is written in three parts:
—   Part 1 contains:
—   contrast;
—   This document is Part 2 and contains:
—   spoken information;
—   written information;
—   tactile information;
—   pictograms;
—   Part 3 contains:
—   lighting;
—   low reflective properties;
—   transparent obstacles;
—   slip resistance.

This document is applicable to vehicles equipped with buffers and screw coupling systems.
In order to allow operation and coupling of trainsets or vehicles, this document specifies the
defined free space for the shunter called the "Berne rectangle" and the necessary free space for
the installation of the rescue coupler.
This document specifies the location, fixing and free spaces on the headstock of:
- buffers;
- screw coupling systems;
- end cocks;
- pneumatic half couplings;
- connections for electric cables.
It also specifies the calculation of the width of the buffer heads.
Unless otherwise displayed, all dimensions given in this document are nominal values.

This European Standard describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this standard:
—   the definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI;
—   this standard defines elements which are universally valid for obstacle free travelling including toilets, elements for sitting, standing and moving and clearways and internal doors. The definitions and requirements of this standard are to be used for rolling stock applications;
—   this standard only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers. It does not define general requirements and general definitions;
—   this standard assumes that the rolling stock is in its defined operating condition;
—   where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal requirements.
The 'Equipment and components' standard is written in three parts:
—   Part 1 contains:
—   toilets;
—   this document is Part 2 and contains:
—   handholds;
—   seats;
—   wheelchair spaces;
—   Part 3 contains:
—   clearways;
—   internal doors.

This document describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to infrastructure and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this document:
—   The definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI.
—   This document defines elements which are universally valid for obstacle-free travelling including toilets, elements for sitting, standing and moving and clearways and internal doors. The definitions and requirements of this document are to be used for infrastructure applications.
—   This document only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers; it does not define non-PRM related requirements and definitions.
—   This document assumes that the infrastructure is in its defined operating condition.
—   Where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal requirements.
This document contains requirements relating to 'Obstacle-free routes'.

This European Standard describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this standard:
—   the definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI;
—   this standard defines elements which are universally valid for obstacle free travelling including toilets, elements for sitting, standing and moving and clearways and internal doors. The definitions and requirements of this standard are to be used for rolling stock applications;
—   this standard only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers. It does not define general requirements and general definitions;
—   this standard assumes that the rolling stock is in its defined operating condition;
—   where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal requirements.
The 'Equipment and Components' standard is written in three parts:
—   this document is Part 1 and contains:
—   toilets;
—   part 2 contains:
—   handholds;
—   seats;
—   wheelchair spaces;
—   part 3 contains:
—   clearways;
—   internal doors.

This European Standard describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to both infrastructure and rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this standard:
- The definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI.
- This standard defines elements that are universally valid for obstacle free travelling including lighting, contrast, tactile feedback, transmission of visual and acoustic information. The definitions and requirements of this standard cover the infrastructure and rolling stock applications.
- This standard only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers it does not define non PRM related requirements and definitions.
- This standard assumes that the infrastructure or rolling stock is in its defined operating condition.
- Where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal requirements.
The ‘General requirements’ standard is written in three parts:
- This document is Part 1 and contains:
- contrast;
- Part 2 contains:
- spoken information;
- written information;
- tactile information;
- pictograms;
- Part 3 contains:
- lighting;
- low reflective properties;
- transparent obstacles;
- slip resistance.

This document describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to both infrastructure and rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements. The following applies to this document:
- The definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI.
- This document defines elements which are universally valid for obstacle free travelling including lighting, contrast, tactile feedback, transmission of visual and acoustic information. The definitions and requirements of this document cover the infrastructure and the rolling stock applications.
- This document only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers; it does not define non PRM related requirements and definitions.
- This document assumes that the infrastructure or rolling stock is in its defined operating condition.
- Where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal.
The ‘Accessibility of persons with reduced mobility’ standard is written in two parts:
— This document is Part 1 and contains:
— Steps for access and egress.