ASTM D5927-17

Standard Classification System for and Basis for Specifications for Thermoplastic Polyester (TPES) Injection and Extrusion Materials Based on ISO Test Methods

ABSTRACT
This specification is intended to provide a callout system for thermoplastic polyester (TPES) injection and extrusion materials, both virgin and recycled, based on ISO test methods. However, the proportions of recycled material used, and the nature and amount of any contaminant, as well as the selection of materials cannot be covered practically in this specification. Materials are classified into groups according to their composition, and are further subdivided into classes and grades as specified. Individual groups shall be identified in accordance to performance properties as to tensile strength, tensile modulus, Charpy impact strength, deflection temperature, melt flow rate, and density.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers thermoplastic polyester materials suitable for molding or extrusion.  
1.2 This classification system allows for the use of recycled thermoplastic polyester materials provided that the requirements as stated in this classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are met. The proportions of recycled material used, as well as the nature and amount of any contaminant, however, cannot be covered practically in this specification.  
1.3 The properties included in this standard are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be used, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 1: This standard and ISO 7792-1:2012 and ISO 7792-2:2012 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2017
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5927-14 - Standard Classification System for and Basis for Specifications for Thermoplastic Polyester (TPES) Injection and Extrusion Materials Based on ISO Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D883-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D883-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM D3892-15 - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D1600-14 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2014
• Refers: ASTM D1600-13 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2013
• Refers: ASTM D883-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2012

Overview

ASTM D5927-17 establishes a standard classification system and provides a foundation for specifications for thermoplastic polyester (TPES) materials designed for injection molding and extrusion processes. Developed by ASTM International, this standard utilizes ISO test methods to classify both virgin and recycled TPES materials. The classification system organizes materials into groups, classes, and grades based on key properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, deflection temperature under load, melt flow rate, and density. While the standard allows for recycled content, it does not specify the proportions of recycled material or the nature and extent of contaminants.

Key Topics

• Material Classification:
  TPES materials are categorized into groups according to their chemical composition and further subdivided into classes and grades based on mechanical and physical performance properties.
• Property Identifiers:
  • Tensile strength
  • Tensile modulus
  • Charpy impact strength
  • Deflection temperature under load
  • Melt flow rate
  • Density
• Specification System:
  A callout system is used for clear identification and specification of TPES materials, facilitating consistent communication in procurement and quality assurance.
• Recycled Materials:
  The standard permits the use of recycled TPES, provided the specified material requirements are met.
• Suffix System:
  Additional, application-specific requirements not covered in the basic property tables can be identified using suffixes as outlined in referenced ASTM standards.
• Test Methods:
  Utilizes ISO and ASTM standard test methods for specimen preparation and property measurement, ensuring international compatibility.

Applications

ASTM D5927-17 has broad utility across industries that require robust, standardized specifications for thermoplastic polyester materials in component fabrication:

• Automotive Parts:
  Supports specification and quality assurance of injection-molded and extruded components, ensuring mechanical and thermal performance.
• Electronics and Electrical Applications:
  Facilitates material specification for parts where dielectric strength, tracking index, and flame resistance are crucial.
• Consumer Goods:
  Provides a consistent method for identifying TPES materials in products requiring defined physical properties and performance.
• Packaging:
  Enables packaging manufacturers to specify recycled or virgin polyester materials that meet regulatory requirements and sustainability goals.
• Construction and Industrial Components:
  Offers a clear framework for specifying materials in demanding environments, ensuring proper selection for load-bearing or impact-resistant parts.

Related Standards

ASTM D5927-17 references and aligns with several important standards to create a comprehensive classification system:

• ASTM Standards:
  • ASTM D4000: Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
  • ASTM D3892: Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
  • ASTM D883: Terminology Relating to Plastics
  • ASTM D1600: Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
• ISO Standards:
  • ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2: Determination of tensile properties
  • ISO 179-1: Determination of Charpy impact strength
  • ISO 75-1, ISO 75-2: Determination of deflection temperature under load
  • ISO 1133-2: Determination of melt flow rate
  • ISO 1183-1/2/3: Determination of density
  • ISO 291: Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
• Other Bodies:
  • IEC 112 and IEC 243: Electrical properties and tracking
  • UL 94: Flammability testing
  • NTIS AD297457: Toxicity testing

By comprehensively covering classification, specification, and conformance testing using internationally recognized test methods, ASTM D5927-17 offers practical guidance for material suppliers, manufacturers, and quality engineers involved with thermoplastic polyesters in global commerce.

Keywords: ASTM D5927-17, thermoplastic polyester, TPES, material classification, ISO test methods, injection molding, extrusion, recycled polyester, material specifications, mechanical properties, plastic standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5927 −17
Standard Classification System for and
Basis for Specifications for
Thermoplastic Polyester (TPES) Injection and Extrusion
Materials Based on ISO Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This material classification system is intended to provide a callout system for thermoplastic
polyester materials based on ISO test methods.
1. Scope* 1.6 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test
methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This stan-
1.1 This classification system covers thermoplastic polyes-
dard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
ter materials suitable for molding or extrusion.
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
1.2 This classification system allows for the use of recycled
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
thermoplastic polyester materials provided that the require-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
mentsasstatedinthisclassificationsystemandsubsequentline
tions prior to use.
callout (specification) are met. The proportions of recycled
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 7792-1:2012 and ISO 7792-2:2012
material used, as well as the nature and amount of any
address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
contaminant, however, cannot be covered practically in this
specification.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The properties included in this standard are those
2.1 ASTM Standards:
required to identify the compositions covered. Other require-
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
ments necessary to identify particular characteristics important
D1600 TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
to specialized applications are to be specified by using the
tics
suffixes as given in Section 5.
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
(specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out
als
plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts.
D7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and
It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material
Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (With-
selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic
drawn 2015)
field only after careful consideration of the design and perfor-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
mance required of the part, the environment to which it will be
Determine Conformance with Specifications
exposed, the fabrication process to be used, the costs involved,
2.2 IEC and ISO Standards:
and the inherent properties of the material other than those
IEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Com-
covered by this specification.
parative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation Materials
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
IEC 243 Recommended Methods of Test for Electrical
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic the ASTM website.
Materials. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originally www.astm.org.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5927 – 14. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D5927-17. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5927−17
Strength of Solid Insulating Materials at Power Frequen- 4. Classification
cies
4.1 Thermoplastic polyester materials are classified into
ISO 62 Plastics—Determination of Water Absorption
groups according to their composition. These groups are
ISO 75-1:2013 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of
subdivided into classes and grades, as indicated in the basic
Deflection Under Load—Part 1: General Test Methods
property table (Table TPES).
ISO 75-2:2013 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of
NOTE 2—An example of this classification system is as follows. The
Deflection Under Load—Part 2: Plastics and Ebonite
designation TPES 0113 would indicate:
ISO 179-1:2010 Plastics—Determination of Charpy Impact
TPES = thermoplastic polyester as found in Terminology
Strength
D1600,
ISO 291:2008 Plastics—Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
01 (group) = PBT,
1 (class) = general purpose, and
tioning and Testing
3 (grade) = requirements given in Table TPES.
ISO 294-1:1996 Plastics—InjectionMouldingofTestSpeci-
4.1.1 Grades of reinforced or filled versions, or both, of the
mens of Thermoplastic Materials—Part 1: General
basicmaterialsareidentifiedbyasingleletterthatindicatesthe
Principles, Multipurpose-Test Specimens (ISO Mould
reinforcement or filler used and two digits, in multiples of five,
Type A) and Bars (ISO Mould Type B)
that indicate the nominal quantity in percent by weight. Thus,
ISO 527-1:2012 Plastics—Determination of Tensile
a letter designation G for glass reinforced and 35 for percent or
Properties—Part 1: General Principles
reinforcement, G35, specifies a material with a nominal glass
ISO 527-2:2012 Plastics—Determination of Tensile
level of 35 %. The reinforcement letter designations and
Properties—Part 2: Testing Conditions
associated tolerance levels are shown as tabulated as follows:
ISO 604 Plastics—DeterminationofCompressiveProperties
A B
TABLE Reinforcement-Filler Symbols and Tolerances
ISO 1133-2:2011 Plastics—DeterminationoftheMeltMass-
Symbol Material Tolerance
FlowRate(MFR)andtheMeltVolume-FlowRate(MVR)
of Thermoplastics—Part 2: Method for Materials Sensi-
C Carbon and graphite ±2 %
tive to Time-Temperature History and/or Moisture EClay ±2%
G Glass ±2 %
ISO 1183-1:2012 Plastics—Methods for Determining the
K Calcium carbonate ±2 %
Density of Non-Cellular Plastics—Part 1: Immersion
L Lubricants (such as PTFE, depends on material and
graphite, silicone, and process—to be specified
Method, Liquid Pyknometer Method, and Titration
molybdenum disulfide)
Method
M Mineral ±2 %
ISO 1183-2:2012 Plastics—Methods for Determining the
PMica ±2%
Density of Non-Cellular Plastics—Part 2: Density Gradi- R Combinations of reinforcements ±3 %
and/or fillers
ent Column Method
S Synthetic organic ±2 %
ISO 1183-3:2012 Plastics—Methods for Determining the
T Talcum ±2 %
X Not specified To be specified
Density of Non-Cellular Plastics—Part 3: Gas Pyknom-
A
eter Method Ash content of filled and/or reinforced materials can be determined using ISO
3451-2 where applicable.
ISO 3451-2 Plastics—Determination of Ash—Part 2: Poly-
B
Additional symbols can be added to this table as required.
alkylene Terephthalates
NOTE 3—An example of this classification system for reinforced
ISO 7792-1:2012 Plastics—SaturatedPolyester(SP)Mould-
thermoplastic polyester is given as follows. The designation TPES
ing and Extrusion Materials—Part 1: Designation System
021G30 indicates the following:
and Basis for Specification
TPES = thermoplastic polyester as found in Terminology
ISO 7792-2:2012 Plastics—Polyalkylene Terephthalates—
D1600,
Part 2: Preparation of Test Specimens and Determination
02 (group) = PET,
1 (class) = unmodified, and
of Properties
G30 (grade) = nominal 30 % glass with the requirements given in
2.3 Underwriters Laboratories (UL): Table TPES.
UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in
NOTE 4—This part of the classification system uses the percent of
Devices and Appliances reinforcements or fillers, or both, in the callout of the modified base
material. The types and percentages of reinforcements and fillers are
2.4 National Technical Information Service (NTIS):
sometimes shown on the supplier’s technical data sheet. If necessary,
AD297457 Procedure and Analytical Method for Determin-
additional callout of these reinforcements and additives can be accom-
plished by use of the suffix part of the system (see Section 5).
ing Toxic Gases Produced by Synthetic Compounds
NOTE 5—Materials containing reinforcements or fillers, or both, at
nominal levels not in multiples of five are included in the nearest TPES
3. Terminology
designation. For example, a material with a nominal glass content of 28 %
is included with Grade G30.
3.1 Definitions—The terminology used in this specification
NOTE 6—The ash content of filled or reinforced materials is determined
is in accordance with Terminologies D883 and D1600.
using ISO 3451-4.
4.2 Variations of thermoplastic polyester materials that are
not included in Table TPES are classified in accordance with
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,
Table TPES and Table A or B. Table TPES is used to specify
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
the group of thermoplastic polyester, and TableAor B is used
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port
Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http://www.ntis.gov. to specify property requirements.
D5927−17
A
TABLE A Detailed Requirements: Reinforced or Filled Thermoplastic Polyesters
Designation
Cell Limits
Order Property
0 12345678 9
Number
C
1 Tensile strength, ISO 527-1:2012 unspecified 35 50 70 95 115 140 175 210 specify value
and ISO
B
527-2:2012, min, MPa
C
2 Tensile modulus, ISO 527-1:2012 unspecified 1 400 2 700 4 100 5 500 6 900 8 000 10 000 12 500 specify value
and ISO 527-2:2012,
D
min, MPa
C
3 Charpy impact, ISO 179-1:2010, unspecified 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 8.5 11.0 13.5 17.5 specify value
2E
min, kJ/m
C
4 Deflection temperature under unspecified 50 100 120 150 185 205 220 235 specify value
load at 1.8 MPa, ISO
75-1:2013 and ISO
F
75-2:2013, min, °C
5 To be determined . . . . . . . . . .
A
Itisrecognizedthatdetailedtestvalues,particularlyCharpyimpact,donotnecessarilypredictnorevencorrelatewiththeperformanceofpartsmoldedofthesematerials.
B
Tensile strength shall be determined using a Type A1 tensile specimen as described in ISO 527-2:2012. Crosshead speed shall be 5 mm/min± 20 %.
C
If a specific value is required, it must appear on the drawing or contract, or both.
D
Tensile modulus shall be determined using a Type A1 tensile specimen as described in ISO 527-2:2012 at a test speed of 1 mm/min ± 20 %.
E
The test specimen shall be 80 ± 2 by 10 ± 0.2 by 4 ± 0.2 mm, cut from the center of the TypeA1 tensile specimen and tested as described in ISO 179:2010, Method
1eA.
F
The test specimen size shall be 80±2by10±0.2by4±0.2mm,cutfromthe center of the TypeA1 tensile specimen. The requirements are based on unannealed
test specimens.
A
TABLE B Detailed Requirements: Special Thermoplastic Polyesters
Designation
Cell Limits
Order Property
0 1 2 345 678 9
Number
C
1 Tensile strength, ISO 527-1:2012 and ISO unspecified 10 30 35 40 45 50 60 80 specify value
B
527-2:2012, min, MPa
C
2 Tensile modulus, ISO 527-1:2012 and ISO unspecified 100 350 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000 specify value
D
527-2:2012, min, MPa
2E C
3 Charpy impact, ISO 179:2010, min, kJ/m unspecified 2.0 3.5 5.0 8.0 13.0 18.0 25.0 50.0 specify value
C
4 Deflection temperature under load at 1.8 unspecified 30 45 60 70 80 90 100 115 specify value
MPa,
ISO 75-1:2013 and ISO 75-2:2013, min,°
F
C
5 To be determined . . . . . . . . . .
A
Itisrecognizedthatdetailedtestvalues,particularlyCharpyimpact,donotnecessarilypredictnorevencorrelatewiththeperformanceofpartsmoldedofthesematerials.
B
Tensile strength shall be determined using a Type A1 tensile specimen as described in ISO 527-2:2012. Crosshead speed shall be 50 mm/min ± 10 %.
C
If a specific value is required, it must appear on the drawing or contract, or both.
D
Tensile modulus shall be determined using a Type A1 tensile specimen as described in ISO 527-2:2012 at a test speed of 1 mm/min ± 20 %.
E
The test specimen shall be 80±2by10±0.2by4±0.2mm,cutfromthe center of the TypeA1 tensile specimen and tested as described in ISO 179:2010, Method
1eA.
F
The test specimen size shall be 80±2by10±0.2by4±0.2mm,cutfromthe center of theTypeA1 tensile specimen.The requirements are based on unannealed test
specimens.
NOTE 7—An example of a reinforced thermoplastic polyester of this
4.2.1 Specific requirements for variations of thermoplastic
classification system is as follows. The designation TPES
polyester materials shall be indicated by a six-character desig-
0310G30A22450 would indicate the following material requirements
nator. The designation will consist of the letter “A” or “B” and
from Table A:
the five digits comprising the cell numbers for the property
TPES0310 = PET copolymer, from Table TPES,
requirements in the order as they appear in Table A or B.
4.2.1.1 Although the values listed are necessary to include
G30 = glass-reinforced at 30 % nominal glass content,
A = Table A for property requirements,
the range of properties available in existing material, not every
2 = tensile strength, 50 MPa, min,
possible combination of the properties exists or can be ob-
2 = tensile modulus, 2700 MPa, min,
tained.
4 = Charpy impact, 6.0 kJ/m , min,
5 = deflection temperature, 185°C, at 1.8 MPa, min,
4.2.2 When the grade of the basic material is not known or
and
is not important, the use of “0” grade classification shall be
0 = unspecified.
used for materials in this system (see Note 7).
D5927−17
TABLE 1 Recommended Processing Conditions
Melt Temperature, Mold Temperature, Average Injection Hold Pressure Time, Total Cycle Time,
Material
°C °C Velocity, mm/s s s
PBT, unfilled semicrystalline 260 ± 3 80 ± 5 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PBT, filled semicrystalline 260 ± 3 80 ± 5 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, unfilled amorphous 285 ± 3 20 ± 5 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, unfilled semicrystalline 275 ± 3 135 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, filled semicrystalline 285 ± 3 135 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, filled semicrystalline, nucleated 285 ± 3 110 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, filled semicrystalline, flame-retarded 275± 3 135 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, filled semicrystalline, flame-retarded, 275 ± 3 110 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
nucleated
PCT, unfilled amorphous 300 ± 3 20 ± 3 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PCT, unfilled semicrystalline 300 ± 3 120 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PCT, filled semicrystalline 300 ± 3 120 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PEN, unfilled amorphous 300 ± 3 20 ± 3 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
If no properties are specified, the designation would be TPES NOTE 9—An example of a special material using this classification
0310G30A00000.
system is as follows. The designation TPES0210B54220 would indicate
the following material requirements from Table B:
4.3 Table B has been incorporated into this specification to
TPES0210 = PET, unmodified, from Table TPES,
facilitate the classification of special materials for which Table
TPES or TableAdo not reflect the required properties. Table B
B = Table B for property requirements,
shall be used in the same manner as Table A. 5 = tensile strength, 45 MPa, min,
4 = tensile modulus, 1500 MPa, min,
NOTE 8—The mechanical properties of pigmented or colored thermo- 2 = Charpy impact, 3.5 kJ/m , min,
plastic polyester materials can differ from the mechanical properties of 2 = deflection temperature, 45°C, at 1.8 MPa, min,
and
natural thermoplastic polyester material, depending on the choice of
0 = unspecified.
colorants and the concentration, thus requiring the use of TableAor B as
appropriate to specify the material.
A
TABLE TPES Detail Requirements for Thermoplastic Polyesters
Tensile Tensile Deflection
Density,
Strength, ISO Modulus, Temperature
Flow Rate,
Charpy
ISO 527-1:2012 ISO at 1.8 MPa,
ISO
B Impact ISO
Group Description Class Description Grade Description 1183-1/-2/-
and ISO 527-1:2012 ISO 75-1:
E
1133-2:2011,
179:2010,
3:2012, 527-2: and ISO 2 2013 and ISO
min, kJ/m
g/10 min
C D F
g/cm
2012, min, 527-2:2012, 75-2:2013,
MPa min, MPa min, °C
G
01 Polybutylene 1 general 1 <6 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
terephthalate purpose 2 <12 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
(PBT) 3 <20 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
4 <35 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
5 <60 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
6 <100 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G10 10 % glass . 1.34 to 1.38 70 4 000 3.0 145
G15 15 % glass . 1.36 to 1.47 75 4 500 3.0 160
G20 20 % glass . . 80 6 000 4.5 .
G30 30 % glass . 1.50 to 1.59 85 7 000 6.0 190
G40 40 % glass . 1.58 to 1.65 115 10 000 6.0 190
R40 40 % filler . 1.54 to 1.64 85 9 000 3.0 180
0 other
G
2 impact 1 <20 250 ⁄5.0 1.16 to 1.32 20 1 000 45 .
modified G05 5 % glass . 1.26 to 1.36 35 2 300 7.0 55
G10 10 % glass . 1.25 to 1.35 35 3 500 3.3 85
G15 15 % glass . 1.31 to 1.37 45 3 000 7.0 130
G30 30 % glass . 1.42 to 1.53 70 7 000 7.0 145
R40 40 % filler . 1.49 to 1.59 60 5 000 7.0 150
0 other
3 flame- 1 unfilled 1.38 to 1.52 40 2 000 0.7 40
retarded
G10 10 % glass . 1.45 to 1.55 60 130
G15 15 % glass . 1.48 to
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5927 − 14 D5927 − 17
Standard Classification System for and
Basis for Specifications for
Thermoplastic Polyester (TPES) Injection and Extrusion
Materials Based on ISO Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This material classification system is intended to provide a callout system for thermoplastic
polyester materials based on ISO test methods.
1. Scope*
1.1 This classification system covers thermoplastic polyester materials suitable for molding or extrusion.
1.2 This classification system allows for the use of recycled thermoplastic polyester materials provided that the requirements
as stated in this classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are met. The proportions of recycled material used,
as well as the nature and amount of any contaminant, however, cannot be covered practically in this specification.
1.3 The properties included in this standard are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements
necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using the suffixes as given
in Section 5.
1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic
materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be
made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and performance required of the
part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be used, the costs involved, and the inherent properties
of the material other than those covered by this specification.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 7792-1:2012 and ISO 7792-2:2012 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (Withdrawn
2015)
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014March 1, 2017. Published December 2014March 2017. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as D5927 – 09.D5927 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D5927-14.10.1520/D5927-17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5927 − 17
2.2 IEC and ISO Standards:
IEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Comparative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation Materials
IEC 243 Recommended Methods of Test for Electrical Strength of Solid Insulating Materials at Power Frequencies
ISO 62 Plastics—Determination of Water Absorption
ISO 75-1:2013 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of Deflection Under Load—Part 1: General Test Methods
ISO 75-2:2013 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of Deflection Under Load—Part 2: Plastics and Ebonite
ISO 179-1:2010 Plastics—Determination of Charpy Impact Strength
ISO 291:2008 Plastics—Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing
ISO 294-1:1996 Plastics—Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials—Part 1: General Principles,
Multipurpose-Test Specimens (ISO Mould Type A) and Bars (ISO Mould Type B)
ISO 527-1:2012 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties—Part 1: General Principles
ISO 527-2:2012 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties—Part 2: Testing Conditions
ISO 604 Plastics—Determination of Compressive Properties
ISO 1133-2:2011 Plastics—Determination of the Melt Mass-Flow Rate (MFR) and the Melt Volume-Flow Rate (MVR) of
Thermoplastics—Part 2: Method for Materials Sensitive to Time-Temperature History and/or Moisture
ISO 1183-1:2012 Plastics—Methods for Determining the Density of Non-Cellular Plastics—Part 1: Immersion Method, Liquid
Pyknometer Method, and Titration Method
ISO 1183-2:2012 Plastics—Methods for Determining the Density of Non-Cellular Plastics—Part 2: Density Gradient Column
Method
ISO 1183-3:2012 Plastics—Methods for Determining the Density of Non-Cellular Plastics—Part 3: Gas Pyknometer Method
ISO 3451-2 Plastics—Determination of Ash—Part 2: Polyalkylene Terephthalates
ISO 7792-1:2012 Plastics—Saturated Polyester (SP) Moulding and Extrusion Materials—Part 1: Designation System and Basis
for Specification
ISO 7792-2:2012 Plastics—Polyalkylene Terephthalates—Part 2: Preparation of Test Specimens and Determination of Proper-
ties
2.3 Underwriters Laboratories (UL):
UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances
2.4 National Technical Information Service (NTIS):
AD297457 Procedure and Analytical Method for Determining Toxic Gases Produced by Synthetic Compounds
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The terminology used in this specification is in accordance with Terminologies D883 and D1600.
4. Classification
4.1 Thermoplastic polyester materials are classified into groups according to their composition. These groups are subdivided
into classes and grades, as indicated in the basic property table (Table TPES).
NOTE 2—An example of this classification system is as follows. The designation TPES 0113 would indicate:
TPES = thermoplastic polyester as found in Terminology
D1600,
01 (group) = PBT,
1 (class) = general purpose, and
3 (grade) = requirements given in Table TPES.
4.1.1 Grades of reinforced or filled versions, or both, of the basic materials are identified by a single letter that indicates the
reinforcement or filler used and two digits, in multiples of five, that indicate the nominal quantity in percent by weight. Thus, a
letter designation G for glass reinforced and 35 for percent or reinforcement, G35, specifies a material with a nominal glass level
of 35 %. The reinforcement letter designations and associated tolerance levels are shown as tabulated as follows:
A B
TABLE Reinforcement-Filler Symbols and Tolerances
Symbol Material Tolerance
C Carbon and graphite ±2 %
E Clay ±2 %
G Glass ±2 %
K Calcium carbonate ±2 %
L Lubricants (such as PTFE, depends on material and
graphite, silicone, and process—to be specified
molybdenum disulfide)
M Mineral ±2 %
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http://www.ntis.gov.
D5927 − 17
P Mica ±2 %
R Combinations of reinforcements ±3 %
and/or fillers
S Synthetic organic ±2 %
T Talcum ±2 %
X Not specified To be specified
A
Ash content of filled and/or reinforced materials can be determined using ISO 3451-2 where applicable.
B
Additional symbols can be added to this table as required.
NOTE 3—An example of this classification system for reinforced thermoplastic polyester is given as follows. The designation TPES 021G30 indicates
the following:
TPES = thermoplastic polyester as found in Terminology
D1600,
02 (group) = PET,
1 (class) = unmodified, and
G30 (grade) = nominal 30 % glass with the requirements given in
Table TPES.
NOTE 4—This part of the classification system uses the percent of reinforcements or fillers, or both, in the callout of the modified base material. The
types and percentages of reinforcements and fillers are sometimes shown on the supplier’s technical data sheet. If necessary, additional callout of these
reinforcements and additives can be accomplished by use of the suffix part of the system (see Section 5).
NOTE 5—Materials containing reinforcements or fillers, or both, at nominal levels not in multiples of five are included in the nearest TPES designation.
For example, a material with a nominal glass content of 28 % is included with Grade G30.
NOTE 6—The ash content of filled or reinforced materials is determined using ISO 3451-4.
4.2 Variations of thermoplastic polyester materials that are not included in Table TPES are classified in accordance with Table
TPES and Table A or B. Table TPES is used to specify the group of thermoplastic polyester, and Table A or B is used to specify
property requirements.
4.2.1 Specific requirements for variations of thermoplastic polyester materials shall be indicated by a six-character designator.
The designation will consist of the letter “A” or “B” and the five digits comprising the cell numbers for the property requirements
in the order as they appear in Table A or B.
4.2.1.1 Although the values listed are necessary to include the range of properties available in existing material, not every
possible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained.
4.2.2 When the grade of the basic material is not known or is not important, the use of “0” grade classification shall be used
for materials in this system (see Note 7).
A
TABLE A Detailed Requirements: Reinforced or Filled Thermoplastic Polyesters
Designation
Cell Limits
Order Property
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number
C
1 Tensile strength, ISO 527-1:2012 unspecified 35 50 70 95 115 140 175 210 specify value
and ISO
B
527-2:2012, min, MPa
C
2 Tensile modulus, ISO 527-1:2012 unspecified 1 400 2 700 4 100 5 500 6 900 8 000 10 000 12 500 specify value
and ISO 527-2:2012,
D
min, MPa
C
3 Charpy impact, ISO 179-1:2010, unspecified 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 8.5 11.0 13.5 17.5 specify value
2E
min, kJ/m
C
4 Deflection temperature under unspecified 50 100 120 150 185 205 220 235 specify value
load at 1.8 MPa, ISO
75-1:2013 and ISO
F
75-2:2013, min, °C
5 To be determined . . . . . . . . . .
A
It is recognized that detailed test values, particularly Charpy impact, do not necessarily predict nor even correlate with the performance of parts molded of these materials.
B
Tensile strength shall be determined using a Type 1AA1 tensile specimen as described in ISO 527-2:2012. Crosshead speed shall be 5 mm/min± 20 %.
C
If a specific value is required, it must appear on the drawing or contract, or both.
D
Tensile modulus shall be determined using a Type 1AA1 tensile specimen as described in ISO 527-2:2012 at a test speed of 1 mm/min ± 20 %.
E
The test specimen shall be 80 ± 2 by 10 ± 0.2 by 4 ± 0.2 mm, cut from the center of the Type 1AA1 tensile specimen and tested as described in ISO 179:2010, Method
1eA.
F
The test specimen size shall be 80 ± 2 by 10 ± 0.2 by 4 ± 0.2 mm, cut from the center of the Type 1AA1 tensile specimen. The requirements are based on unannealed
test specimens.
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A
TABLE B Detailed Requirements: Special Thermoplastic Polyesters
Designation
Cell Limits
Order Property
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number
C
1 Tensile strength, ISO 527-1:2012 and ISO unspecified 10 30 35 40 45 50 60 80 specify value
B
527-2:2012, min, MPa
C
2 Tensile modulus, ISO 527-1:2012 and ISO unspecified 100 350 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000 specify value
D
527-2:2012, min, MPa
2E C
3 Charpy impact, ISO 179:2010, min, kJ/m unspecified 2.0 3.5 5.0 8.0 13.0 18.0 25.0 50.0 specify value
C
4 Deflection temperature under load at 1.8 unspecified 30 45 60 70 80 90 100 115 specify value
MPa,
ISO 75-1:2013 and ISO 75-2:2013, min,°
F
C
5 To be determined . . . . . . . . . .
A
It is recognized that detailed test values, particularly Charpy impact, do not necessarily predict nor even correlate with the performance of parts molded of these materials.
B
Tensile strength shall be determined using a Type 1AA1 tensile specimen as described in ISO 527-2:2012. Crosshead speed shall be 50 mm/min± mm/min ± 10 %.
C
If a specific value is required, it must appear on the drawing or contract, or both.
D
Tensile modulus shall be determined using a Type 1AA1 tensile specimen as described in ISO 527-2:2012 at a test speed of 1 mm/min ± 20 %.
E
The test specimen shall be 80 ± 2 by 10 ± 0.2 by 4 ± 0.2 mm, cut from the center of the Type 1AA1 tensile specimen and tested as described in ISO 179:2010, Method
1eA.
F
The test specimen size shall be 80 ± 2 by 10 ± 0.2 by 4 ± 0.2 mm, cut from the center of the Type 1AA1 tensile specimen. The requirements are based on unannealed
test specimens.
TABLE 1 Recommended Processing Conditions
Melt Temperature, Mold Temperature, Average Injection Hold Pressure Time, Total Cycle Time,
Material
°C °C Velocity, mm/s s s
PBT, unfilled semicrystalline 260 ± 3 80 ± 5 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PBT, filled semicrystalline 260 ± 3 80 ± 5 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, unfilled amorphous 285 ± 3 20 ± 5 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, unfilled semicrystalline 275 ± 3 135 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, filled semicrystalline 285 ± 3 135 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, filled semicrystalline, nucleated 285 ± 3 110 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, filled semicrystalline, flame-retarded 275± 3 135 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PET, filled semicrystalline, flame-retarded, 275 ± 3 110 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
nucleated
PCT, unfilled amorphous 300 ± 3 20 ± 3 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PCT, unfilled semicrystalline 300 ± 3 120 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PCT, filled semicrystalline 300 ± 3 120 ± 5 200± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
PEN, unfilled amorphous 300 ± 3 20 ± 3 200 ± 100 20 ± 5 40 ± 5
NOTE 7—An example of a reinforced thermoplastic polyester of this classification system is as follows. The designation TPES 0310G30A22450 would
indicate the following material requirements from Table A:
TPES0310 = PET copolymer, from Table TPES,
G30 = glass-reinforced at 30 % nominal glass content,
A = Table A for property requirements,
2 = tensile strength, 50 MPa, min,
2 = tensile modulus, 2700 MPa, min,
4 = Charpy impact, 6.0 kJ/m , min,
5 = deflection temperature, 185°C, at 1.8 MPa, min,
and
0 = unspecified.
If no properties are specified, the designation would be TPES 0310G30A00000.
4.3 Table B has been incorporated into this specification to facilitate the classification of special materials for which Table TPES
or Table A do not reflect the required properties. Table B shall be used in the same manner as Table A.
NOTE 8—The mechanical properties of pigmented or colored thermoplastic polyester materials can differ from the mechanical properties of natural
thermoplastic polyester material, depending on the choice of colorants and the concentration, thus requiring the use of Table A or B as appropriate to
specify the material.
NOTE 9—An example of a special material using this classification system is as follows. The designation TPES0210B54220 would indicate the
following material requirements from Table B:
D5927 − 17
TPES0210 = PET, unmodified, from Table TPES,
B = Table B for property requirements,
5 = tensile strength, 45 MPa, min,
4 = tensile modulus, 1500 MPa, min,
2 = Charpy impact, 3.5 kJ/m , min,
2 = deflection temperature, 45°C, at 1.8 MPa, min,
and
0 = unspecified.
A
TABLE TPES Detail Requirements for Thermoplastic Polyesters
Tensile Tensile Deflection
Density, Strength, ISO Modulus, Temperature
Flow Rate,
Charpy
ISO
527-1:2012 ISO at 1.8 MPa,
ISO
Impact ISO
B
Group Description Class Description Grade Description 1183-1/-2/- and ISO 527-1:2012 ISO 75-1:
E
1133-2:2011,
179:2010,
3:2012,
527-2: and ISO 2 2013 and ISO
g/10 min min, kJ/m
C D F
g/cm 2012, min, 527-2:2012, 75-2:2013,
MPa min, MPa min, °C
G
01 Polybutylene 1 general 1 <6 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
terephthalate purpose 2 <12 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
(PBT) 3 <20 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
4 <35 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
5 <60 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G
6 <100 250 ⁄2.16 1.28 to 1.34 45 1 800 3.0 .
G10 10 % glass . 1.34 to 1.38 70 4 000 3.0 145
G15 15 % glass . 1.36 to 1.47 75 4 500 3.0 160
G20 20 % glass . . 80 6 000 4.5 .
G30 30 % glass . 1.50 to 1.59 85 7 000 6.0 190
G40 40 % glass . 1.58 to 1.65 115 10 000 6.0 190
R40 40 % filler . 1.54 to 1.64 85 9 000 3.0 180
0 other
G
2 impact 1 <20 250 ⁄5.0 1.16 to 1.32 20 1 000 45 .
modified G05 5 % glass . 1.26 to 1.36 35 2 300 7.0 55
G10 10 % glass . 1.25 to 1.35 35 3 500 3.3 85
G15 15 % glass . 1.31 to 1.37 45 3 000 7.0 130
G30 30 % glass . 1.42 to 1.53 70 7 000 7.0 145
R40 40 % filler . 1.49 to 1.59 60 5 000 7.0 150
0 other
3 flame- 1 unfilled 1.38 to 1.52 40 2 000 0.7 40
retarded
G10 10 % glass . 1.45 to 1.55 60 130
G15 15 % glass . 1.48 to 1.60 62 5 000 3.0 180
G30 30 % glass . 1.58 to 1.75 85 7 000 4.0 165
R30 30 % filler .
...