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ASTM D3410/D3410M-16e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear Loading

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear Loading

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce compressive property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the compressive response and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and layup, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties, in the test direction, that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Ultimate compressive strength,  
5.1.2 Ultimate compressive strain,  
5.1.3 Compressive (linear or chord) modulus of elasticity,  
5.1.4 Poisson's ratio in compression, and  
5.1.5 Transition strain.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber reinforced composites for which the elastic properties are specially orthotropic with respect to the test direction. This test procedure introduces the compressive force into the specimen through shear at wedge grip interfaces. This type of force transfer differs from the procedure in Test Method D695 where compressive force is transmitted into the specimen by end-loading, Test Method D6641/D6641M where compressive force is transmitted by combined shear and end loading, and Test Method D5467/D5467M where compressive force is transmitted by subjecting a honeycomb core sandwich beam with thin skins to four-point bending.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composites made from unidirectional tape, wet-tow placement, textile (for example, fabric), short fibers, or similar product forms. Some product forms may require deviations from the test method.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pounds units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
Note 1: Additional procedures for determining compressive properties of resin-matrix composites may be found in Test Methods D695, D5467/D5467M, and D6641/D6641M.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Mar-2016
ICS
83.140.20 - Laminated sheets
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.04 - Lamina and Laminate Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D3878-15 - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D2734-16 - Standard Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2016
Refers
ASTM D3878-16 - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM D6641/D6641M-16 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
Effective Date
01-Nov-2016
Refers
ASTM D5467/D5467M-97(2017) - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Sandwich Beam
Effective Date
01-Jan-2017
Refers
ASTM E132-17 - Standard Test Method for Poisson’s Ratio at Room Temperature
Effective Date
15-Jul-2017
Refers
ASTM E456-13A(2017)e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Refers
ASTM D2584-18 - Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
Effective Date
15-Sep-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM D3878-18 - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D3878-19 - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
15-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2019
Refers
ASTM D3878-19a - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
15-Oct-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D5229/D5229M-20 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM E456-13A(2017)e3 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Refers
ASTM E251-20a - Standard Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM E251-20 - Standard Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM E1237-20 - Standard Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
Effective Date
15-Aug-2020

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ASTM D3410/D3410M-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear LoadingASTM D3410/D3410M-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear Loading
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ASTM D3410/D3410M-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear Loading
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D3410/D3410M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear
1
Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3410/D3410M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to the adjunct information in March 2021.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane compressive
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
propertiesofpolymermatrixcompositematerialsreinforcedby
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
high-modulus fibers.The composite material forms are limited
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber reinforced compos-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
ites for which the elastic properties are specially orthotropic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
withrespecttothetestdirection.Thistestprocedureintroduces
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the compressive force into the specimen through shear at
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
wedge grip interfaces. This type of force transfer differs from
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
theprocedureinTestMethodD695wherecompressiveforceis
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
transmitted into the specimen by end-loading, Test Method
D6641/D6641M where compressive force is transmitted by
2. Referenced Documents
combined shear and end loading, and Test Method D5467/
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5467Mwherecompressiveforceistransmittedbysubjecting
D695Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
ahoneycombcoresandwichbeamwiththinskinstofour-point
Plastics
bending.
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 This test method is applicable to composites made from
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
unidirectional tape, wet-tow placement, textile (for example,
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
fabric), short fibers, or similar product forms. Some product
D2584Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
forms may require deviations from the test method.
Resins
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D2734TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
D3171Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
inch-pounds units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
Materials
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
standard.
Composite Materials
D5379/D5379MTest Method for Shear Properties of Com-
NOTE1—Additionalproceduresfordeterminingcompressiveproperties
posite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method
of resin-matrix composites may be found in Test Methods D695, D5467/
D5467M, and D6641/D6641M.
D5467/D5467MTest Method for Compressive Properties of
Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Us-
ing a Sandwich Beam
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on
2
Lamina and Laminate Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 15, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3410/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D3410M–03(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D3410_D3410M-16E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D3410/D3410M − 16
D6641/D6641MTest Method for Compressive Properties of dicular planes of symmetry defining the principal material
Polymer Matri
...

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ASTM D6873/D6873M-23(Practice)
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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static bearing test methods to determine the fatigue behavior of composite materials subjected to cyclic bearing forces. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.  
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ASTM D8066/D8066M-23(Practice)
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5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions for the use of Test Method D6484/D6484M to determine unnotched compressive strength data for material specifications, research and development, material design allowables, and quality assurance. Factors that influence compressive strengths and shall therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Composite properties in the test direction that may be obtained from this test method include:  
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5.1 This test practice is designed to produce tensile property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the tensile response and should therefore be reported include the following: materials (laminates and adhesive), methods of material preparation including surface preparation prior to bonding, lay-ups, specimen stacking sequence, joint taper ratio or step length, ply overlap length, material relative thicknesses and stiffness of the parent and repair laminates, adhesive bond stiffness, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test practice, include the following:  
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5.1 The parameter KTL  determined by this test method is a measure of the resistance of a polymer matrix composite laminate to notch-tip damage and effective translaminar crack growth under opening mode loading. The result is valid only for conditions in which the damage zone at the notch tip is small compared with the notch length and the in-plane specimen dimensions. Alternately, for materials exhibiting distributed damage in a larger volume, observed force-displacement and discrete damage events are still valid structural responses for certain specific engineering applications.  
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes. In research and development, (a) KTL data can quantitatively establish the effects of fiber and matrix variables and stacking sequence of the laminate on the translaminar fracture resistance of composite laminates; and (b) quantified distributed damage measurements can be used to validate progressive composite damage models. In structural design, KTL data can, within the constraints of the specimen geometry and loading, be used to assess composite laminate resistance to damage growth from edge flaws and notches.  
5.3 The translaminar fracture toughness,  KTL, as well as distributed damage observations, determined by this test method may be a function of the testing speed and temperature. This test method is intended for room temperature and quasi-static conditions, but it can apply to other test conditions provided that the requirements of 13.2 and 13.3 are met. Application of KTL in the design of service components should be made with awareness that the test parameters specified by this test may differ from service conditions, possibly resulting in a different material response than that seen in service. Distributed damage observations are also limited to the material and geometry tested, but may be more generally applied to a variety of structural analysis validation applications.  
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1.2 This test method is applicable to room temperature laboratory air environments.  
1.3 Composite materials that can be tested by this test method are not limited by thickness or by type of polymer matrix or fiber, provided that the specimen sizes and the test results meet the requirements of this test method. This test method was developed primarily from test results of various carbon fiber – epoxy matrix laminates and from additional results of glass fiber – epoxy matrix, glass fiber-polyester matrix pultrusions and carbon fiber – bismaleimide matrix laminates (1-4, 5, 6).2  
1.4 A range of eccentrically loaded, single-edge-notch tension, ESE(T), specimen sizes with proportional planar dimensions is provided, but planar size may be variable and adjusted, with associated changes in the applied test load. Specimen thickness is a variable, independent of planar size.  
1.5 Specimen configurations other than those contained in this test method may be used. It is particularly important that the requirements discussed in 5.1 and 5.4 regarding contained notch-tip damage be met when using alternative specimen configurations in conjunction with the KTL calculation.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown ...

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ASTM D5450/D5450M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Transverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to produce transverse tensile property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors which influence the transverse tensile response and should, therefore, be reported are: material, methods of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Transverse Tensile Strength,    
5.1.2 Transverse Tensile Strain at Failure,    
5.1.3 Transverse Tensile Modulus of Elasticity,  E22, and  
5.1.4 Poisson's Ratio,  υ21.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the transverse tensile properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90°) cylinders in axial tension for determination of transverse tensile properties.  
1.2 The technical content of this test method has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this test method, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The test method, therefore, should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the test method will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5449/D5449M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce transverse compressive property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the transverse compressive response and should therefore be reported are: material, method of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties in the test direction that may be obtained from this test method are:  
5.1.1 Transverse compressive strength, σ22uc,  
5.1.2 Transverse compressive strain at failure, ε22uc,  
5.1.3 Transverse compressive modulus of elasticity, E22, and  
5.1.4 Poisson's ratio, γ21.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the transverse compressive properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90°) cylinders in axial compression for determination of transverse compressive properties.  
1.2 The technical content of this test method has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this test method, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The test method, therefore, should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the test method will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3171-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A constituent content of a composite material must be known in order to analytically model the material properties (mechanical, physical, thermal, or electrical) of the composite which are affected by the reinforcement or matrix. Also, knowledge of the constituent content is required for evaluation of the quality of a fabricated material and the processes used during fabrication.  
5.2 The void volume of a composite material may significantly affect some of its mechanical properties. Higher void volumes usually mean lower fatigue resistance, greater susceptibility to moisture penetration and weathering, and increased variation or scatter in strength properties. Knowledge of the void volume of a composite material is desirable as an indication of the quality of a composite.  
5.3 Reinforcement content may be used to normalize mechanical properties affected by amount of reinforcement in the coupon.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the constituent content of composite materials by one of two approaches. Test Method I physically removes the matrix by digestion or ignition or carbonization by one of eight procedures, leaving the reinforcement essentially unaffected and thus allowing calculation of reinforcement or matrix content (by weight or volume) as well as percent void volume. Test Method II, applicable only to laminate materials of known fiber areal weight, calculates reinforcement or matrix content (by weight or volume), and the cured ply thickness, based on the measured thickness of the laminate. Test Method II is not applicable to the measurement of void volume.  
1.1.1 These test methods are primarily intended for two-part composite material systems. However, special provisions can be made to extend these test methods to filled material systems with more than two constituents, though not all test results can be determined in every case.  
1.1.2 The procedures contained within have been designed to be particularly effective for certain classes of polymer or metal matrices. The suggested applications are discussed in Section 4, as well as at the start of each procedure.  
1.1.3 Test Method I assumes that the reinforcement is essentially unaffected by the digestion or ignition medium or carbonization. A procedure for correction of the results for minor changes in the reinforcement is included. Procedures A through F are based on chemical removal of the matrix, while Procedure G removes the matrix by igniting the matrix in a furnace. Procedure H carbonizes the matrix in a furnace.  
1.1.4 Test Method II assumes that the fiber areal weight of the reinforcement material form is known or controlled to an acceptable tolerance. The presence of voids is not measured. Eq 15 and 16 assume zero void content to perform the calculation.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  See Section 9 for additional information.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8387/D8387M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce low bearing / high bypass interaction response data for research and development, and for structural design and analysis. The standard configuration for this procedure is very specific and is intended as a baseline configuration for developing structural design data. The high bypass/low bearing double-shear hardpoint configuration is recommended for determining the effect of low bearing stress levels on bypass strength. While a similar single-shear configuration could be tested, there is insufficient experience with a single-shear configuration to recommend its use at this time.  
5.2 General factors that influence the mechanical response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time held at test temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.  
5.3 Specific factors that influence the bearing/bypass interaction response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include not only loading type (tension or compression) but the following: edge distance ratio, width to diameter ratio, diameter to thickness ratio, fastener torque, fastener or pin material, fastener or pin clearance. Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test method include the following:  
5.3.1 Filled hole tensile bearing/bypass strength.  
5.3.2 Filled hole compressive bearing/bypass strength.  
5.3.3 Bearing stress/bypass strain curve.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial high bypass - low bearing interaction response of multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers using a two-fastener hard point joint specimen. The scope of this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure modes. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for this procedure. A number of test parameters may be varied within the scope of the standard, provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test report. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. This test method was previously published under Test Method D7248/D7248M-17 Procedure C.  
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of Composite Materials Handbook, CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing/bypass interaction response test method.  
1.3 The two-fastener test configurations described in this test method are intended to provide data in the relatively high bypass, low bearing part of the composite bolted joint bearing-bypass interaction diagram. This data complements the data from filled hole tension and compression (Practice D6742/D6742M), bearing (Test Method D5961/D5961M), and low bypass/high bearing interaction (Test Method D7248/D7248M) tests.  
1.4 This test method requires careful specimen design, instrumentation, data measurement, and data analysis. The use of this test method requires close coordination between the test requestor and the test lab personnel. Test requestors need to be familiar with the data analysis procedures of this test method and should not expect test labs who are unfamiliar with this test method to be able to produce acceptable results without close coordination.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used indepe...

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