ASTM D6766-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method applies to one-dimensional, laminar flow of water or other permeation liquids, such as chemical solutions, landfill leachate, and contaminated water (here on referred to as test liquid), through saturated/hydrated GCL specimen that is consolidated and permeated under a prescribed or requested set of conditions.
This test method can be performed to determine if the flux and/or hydraulic conductivity of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the manufacturer or required by the regulatory agencies, or both.
It is assumed that Darcy's law is valid and that the hydraulic conductivity is essentially unaffected by hydraulic gradient. The validity of Darcy's law may be evaluated by measuring the hydraulic conductivity of the specimen at three different hydraulic gradients; if all measured values are similar (within about 25 %), then Darcy's law may be taken as valid. However, when the hydraulic gradient acting on a test specimen is changed, the state of stress will also change, and, if the specimen is compressible, the volume of the specimen will change. Thus, some change in hydraulic conductivity may occur when the hydraulic gradient is altered, even in cases where Darcy's law is valid.
This test method provides tools for determining flux and hydraulic conductivity values for a given GCL under the following two different scenarios, which should be specified by the requester:
Scenario 1—Hydrated/Saturated with Water Prior to Contact with Test Liquid —This scenario simulates the field conditions where the GCL is well hydrated with water prior to contact with actual test liquid. It should be noted that initial degree of saturation/hydration greatly affects the hydraulic properties of a GCL product. The test has two phases: (Phase 1) hydrate, saturate, consolidate and permeate with water as Test Liquid 1, and (Phase 2) switch to permeation with test liquid as Test Liquid 2.
Scenario 2—Hydrated/Saturated with Test Liquid (Worst Case)—This ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of both flux and hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coefficient of permeability) of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens permeated with chemical solutions and leachates utilizing a flexible wall permeameter. For test measurement of index hydraulic properties of geosynthetic clay liners, refer to Test Method D 5887.
1.2 This test method may be utilized with GCL specimens that have a hydraulic conductivity less than or equal to 1 × 10-5 m/s (1 × 10-3 cm/s).
1.3 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coating backing(s).
1.4 This test method provides measurements of flux and hydraulic conductivity under a prescribed set of conditions, as an index test, that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The flux and hydraulic conductivity values determined using this test method under the prescribed set of conditions is not considered to be representative of the in-service conditions of GCLs. However, the test method allows the requester to establish a set of test conditions; thus, the test method also may be used to check performance or conformance, or both.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in centimeters per second, although the common SI units for hydraulic conductivity are meters per second.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6766 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverslaboratorymeasurementofboth
flux and hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coeffıcient
2. Referenced Documents
of permeability) of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
permeated with chemical solutions and leachates utilizing a
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
flexible wall permeameter. For test measurement of index
Fluids
hydraulic properties of geosynthetic clay liners, refer to Test
D2216TestMethodsforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
Method D5887.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1.2 This test method may be utilized with GCL specimens
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
-5
thathaveahydraulicconductivitylessthanorequalto1×10
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
-3
m/s (1×10 cm/s).
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.3 This test method is applicable to GCL products having Construction Materials Testing
geotextilebacking(s).ItisnotapplicabletoGCLproductswith D5887TestMethodforMeasurementofIndexFluxThrough
geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coat- Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a
ing backing(s). Flexible Wall Permeameter
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.4 This test method provides measurements of flux and
Ventilation Ovens
hydraulic conductivity under a prescribed set of conditions, as
an index test, that can be used for manufacturing quality
3. Terminology
control.Thefluxandhydraulicconductivityvaluesdetermined
3.1 Definitions:
using this test method under the prescribed set of conditions is
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of liquid under laminar
notconsideredtoberepresentativeofthein-serviceconditions
flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL
of GCLs. However, the test method allows the requester to
specimen at a standard temperature condition (22 6 3°C).
establishasetoftestconditions;thus,thetestmethodalsomay
be used to check performance or conformance, or both. 3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a factory-
manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
supported by geotextiles, geomembranes, or a combination
standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition
thereof, that are held together by needling, stitching, chemical
in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in centime-
adhesives or other methods.
ters per second, although the common SI units for hydraulic
3.1.3 hydraulic conductivity, k, n—the rate of discharge of
conductivity are meters per second.
liquid under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sectional area of a GCL specimen under a unit hydraulic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gradient and standard temperature conditions (22 6 3°C).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The term coeffıcient of permeability is
often used instead of hydraulic conductivity but hydraulic
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
2
thetic Clay Liners. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6766–06a. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D6766-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6766 − 09
conductivity is used exclusively in this test method. A more
1
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D6766 − 09
complete discussion of the terminology associated with Dar- paredtoScenario1aschemicalspresentintestliquidmayalter
3
cy’s law is given in the literature. the hydration and hydraulic properties of a GCL product.
3.1.4 index test, n—a test
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6766–06a Designation:D6766–09
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of both flux and hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coeffıcient of
permeability)ofgeosyntheticclayliner(GCL)specimenspermeatedwithchemicalsolutionsandleachatesutilizingaflexiblewall
permeameter. For test measurement of index hydraulic properties of geosynthetic clay liners, refer to Test Method D 5887.
-5
1.2 This test method may be utilized with GCLspecimens that have a hydraulic conductivity less than or equal to 1 3 10 m/s
-3
(1 3 10 cm/s).
1.3 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It mayis not be applicable to GCL products
with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coating backing(s).
1.4 Thistestmethodprovidesmeasurementsoffluxandhydraulicconductivityunderaprescribedsetofconditions,asanindex
test, that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The flux and hydraulic conductivity values determined using this test
methodundertheprescribedsetofconditionsisnotconsideredtoberepresentativeofthein-serviceconditionsofGCLs.However,
the test method allows the requester to establish a set of test conditions; thus, the test method also may be used to check
performance or conformance, or both.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition in U.S.
practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in centimeters per second, although the common SI units for hydraulic conductivity
are meters per second.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D 5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible
Wall Permeameter
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of liquid under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL
specimen at a standard temperature condition (22 6 3°C).
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n— a factory-manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay supported by
geotextiles, geomembranes, or a combination thereof, that are held together by needling, stitching, chemical adhesives or other
methods.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2006.June 1, 2009. Published December 2006.July 2009. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as
D 6766–06a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6766–09
3.1.3 hydraulic conductivity, k, n—the rate of discharge of liquid under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional
area of a GCL specimen under a unit hydraulic gradient and standard temperature conditions (22 6 3°C).
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The term coeffıcient of permeability is often used instead of hydraulic conductivity but hydraulic
conductivity is used exclusively in t
...
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