ASTM G58-85(2015)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens for Weldments
Standard Practice for Preparation of Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens for Weldments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of this practice is to indicate standard welded specimens and welding procedures for evaluating the SCC characteristics of weldments in corrosive environments. The practice does not recommend the specific corrosive media that may be selected by the user depending upon the intent of his investigation. Specific corrosive media are included in Practices G35, G36, G37, and G44. Other environments can be used as required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the making and utilization of test specimens for the evaluation of weldments in stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) environments.
1.2 Test specimens are described in which (a) stresses are developed by the welding process only, (b) stresses are developed by an externally applied load in addition to the stresses due to welding, and (c) stresses are developed by an externally applied load only with residual welding stresses removed by annealing.
1.3 This practice is concerned only with the welded test specimen and not with the environmental aspects of stress-corrosion testing. Specific practices for the bending and loading of test specimens, as well as the stress considerations involved in preparation of C-rings, U-bend, bent-beam, and tension specimens are discussed in other ASTM standards.
1.4 The actual stress in test specimens removed from weldments is not precisely known because it depends upon the level of residual stress from the welding operation combined with the applied stress. A method for determining the magnitude and direction of residual stress which may be applicable to weldment is described in Test Method E837. The reproducibility of test results is highly dependent on the preparation of the weldment, the type of test specimen tested, and the evaluation criteria used. Sufficient replication should be employed to determine the level of inherent variability in the specific test results that is consistent with the objectives of the test program.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazards information, see Section 7.)
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G58 − 85 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens for
Weldments
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG58;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the making and
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
utilizationoftestspecimensfortheevaluationofweldmentsin
E399Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) environments.
Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
1.2 Test specimens are described in which (a) stresses are
E837Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the
developed by the welding process only, (b) stresses are
Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method
developed by an externally applied load in addition to the
G1Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
stresses due to welding, and (c) stresses are developed by an
sion Test Specimens
externally applied load only with residual welding stresses
G30 Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-
removed by annealing.
Corrosion Test Specimens
G35Practice for Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless
1.3 This practice is concerned only with the welded test
Steels and Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to
specimen and not with the environmental aspects of stress-
Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Polythionic Acids
corrosion testing. Specific practices for the bending and load-
G36Practice for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Re-
ing of test specimens, as well as the stress considerations
sistance of Metals and Alloys in a Boiling Magnesium
involved in preparation of C-rings, U-bend, bent-beam, and
Chloride Solution
tension specimens are discussed in other ASTM standards.
G37Practice for Use of Mattsson’s Solution of pH 7.2 to
1.4 The actual stress in test specimens removed from
Evaluate the Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of
weldments is not precisely known because it depends upon the
Copper-Zinc Alloys
level of residual stress from the welding operation combined
G38 Practice for Making and Using C-Ring Stress-
with the applied stress. A method for determining the magni-
Corrosion Test Specimens
tudeanddirectionofresidualstresswhichmaybeapplicableto
G39Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-
weldment is described inTest Method E837.The reproducibil-
Corrosion Test Specimens
ity of test results is highly dependent on the preparation of the
G44PracticeforExposureofMetalsandAlloysbyAlternate
weldment, the type of test specimen tested, and the evaluation
Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution
criteria used. Sufficient replication should be employed to
G49Practice for Preparation and Use of Direct Tension
determine the level of inherent variability in the specific test
Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
resultsthatisconsistentwiththeobjectivesofthetestprogram.
3. Summary of Practice
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 The following summarizes the test objectives that may
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be evaluated:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 Resistance to SCC of a total weldment (weld, heat-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
affected zone, and parent metal) as produced by a specific
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific
welding process;
safety hazards information, see Section 7.)
3.1.2 Resistance to SCC of deposited weld metal;
3.1.3 Determination of a stress level or stress intensity that
will produce SCC in a weldment;
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.06 on Environmen-
tally Assisted Cracking. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as G58–85(2011). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/G0058-85R15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) Specimen size—as required.
(b) Note grain direction and weld longitudinally or across grain.
(c) For multiple-pass welds, grind between passes. Use back gouging from
opposite side to attain 100 % weld penetration.
(d) Discard weld ends.
(e) Remove test sections as required. Sections may be taken across the weld or
longitudinally with the weld.
FIG. 1 Flat Weldment
3.1.4 Evaluation of SCC failure in the specific zones of a It is applicable to materials that can be machined to approxi-
weld (weld metal, partially melted zone, weld interface, mately a 25-mm or 1-in. round.
heat-affected zone, and base metal); and
5.1.4 Direct Tension Weldments (Fig. 4)—These weldments
3.1.5 Evaluationoftheeffectofnotchesandstressraisersin
(3, 4, 5) measure the cracking tendency in weld metal, base
weldments.
metal,orheat-affectedzone.Theappliedstressisdevelopedin
uniaxially loaded tension specimens. Notches may be intro-
4. Significance and Use
duced into the weld metal, base metal, or heat-affected zone.
4.1 Theintentofthispracticeistoindicatestandardwelded
Thetensionspecimensaremachinedfromweldedplateorcast
specimens and welding procedures for evaluating the SCC
sections (Fig. 1) and may be made exclusively from weld
characteristics of weldments in corrosive environments. The
metal.
practice does not recommend the specific corrosive media that
5.1.5 U-Bend Weldment (Fig. 5)—This weldment (5, 6)
may be selected by the user depending upon the intent of his
measures crack tendency in the weld, base metal, and
investigation. Specific corrosive media are included in Prac-
heataffected zone.The bending operation after welding creates
tices G35, G36, G37, and G44. Other environments can be
highlevelsofelasticandplasticstrainresultinginawiderange
used as required.
of stresses in a single specimen. The presence of residual
welding stresses make this a most severe test procedure. It is
5. Types of Specimens and Specific Applications
applicable to any material that can be formed into a U-shape
5.1 This practice covers the following procedures for the without mechanical cracking or localized bending in the
preparation of test weldments. The form of the material to be
heat-affected zone.
evaluated (plate, bar, tubing, casting, or forging) may deter- 5.1.6 Bent-Beam Weldment (Fig. 6)—This weldment (4, 5,
mine whether its usage is applicable in a given test. Residual
6) measures cracking tendency in the weld bead, the weldbase
welding stresses may be left intact or they may be fully or
metal interface, and heat-affected zone due to stress concen-
partially removed by an appropriate heat treatment.
tration. The specimen will contain residual welding stresses
5.1.1 Flat Welding (Fig. 1)—This weldment (1) is appli-
and stresses due to elastic strain produced by bending. This
cable for all tension and bend specimens. The size of the
specimen is particularly applicable to materials that cannot be
weldment may be varied according to the needs of the user or
bent into a U-shape.
the demands of welding practice being evaluated. It is appli-
5.1.7 Precracked Cantilever Beam Weldment (Fig. 7)—This
cable to any welding procedure and can involve single- or
weldment (5) measures the level of stress intensity to produce
multiple-pass welds.
crack initiation or propagation in various areas of a weldment.
5.1.2 Circular Bead Weldment (Fig. 2)—This weldment (2,
Notchesorcracksmaybeintroducedintotheweldmetal,base
3, 4, 5) measures the tendency for SCC in the base metal,
metal, or heat-affected zone. The specimen will contain re-
heat-affected zone, and deposited weld metal. The circular
sidual welding stresses and applied stresses. Weldments may
welddevelopsresidualstresses.Itisapplicabletoanymaterial
be prepared in accordance with Fig. 1 or by means of the
form (plate, bar, castings) that can be machined to the
K-preparation for multiple-pass welds (Fig. 8 and Ref (7)).
recommended size. The welding procedure involves one cir-
5.1.8 Tuning Fork Weldment(Fig. 9)—This weldment (5, 9)
cular stringer bead deposit of weld metal.
measures cracking tendency in the base metal, heat-affected
5.1.3 Bead-on-Bar Weldment (Fig. 3)—This weldment (2)
zone, or weld-base metal interface if the weld reinforcement is
measures the tendency for SCC of the base metal. The
not removed. When the reinforcement is removed, cracking
longitudinal fusion welds develop residual stresses on the bar.
may also occur in the weld metal, depending on the suscepti-
bility of the three zones of the weldment and the coincidence
3 of maximum stress with the base metal, heat-affected zone, or
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard. weldmetal.Stressesareappliedbyclosingthetinesofthefork,
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
1 1
(a) Specimen size: 100 by 100 by 3 to 12 mm (4 by 4 by ⁄8 to ⁄2 in.)
(b) Clamp or tack weld the edges of the test specimen to a base plate to obtain
restraint.
(c) Weld a 50-mm or 2-in. diameter circular bead using the selected weld process
(Table 1).
(d) Examine both sides of specimen after exposure.
FIG. 2 Circular Bead Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Specimen size: 25-mm (1 in.) diameter by 150 mm (6 in.) long.
(b) Fusion weld (GTAW) entire length on opposite sides.
1 3
(c) Discard 6 mm or ⁄4 in. from ends and remove 20-mm or ⁄4-in. test specimens.
(d) Examine cross section for radial cracking.
FIG. 3 Bead-on-Bar Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Direct tension specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1).
(b) See Practice G49 and Test Methods E8 for recommended dimensions.
FIG. 4 Direct Tension Weldments
and the toe of the weld acts as a metallurgical notch. Tuning- stress is applied by a wedge that is forced into the slit section.
fork specimens may also be machined exclusively from weld
While any material form can be machined into a ring section,
metal. this test is specifically designed for tubing.
5.1.9 Cruciform Weldment (Fig. 10)—This weldment (10)
5.1.11 K-WeldPreparation(Fig.8)—Thisweldment (7)was
will develop the highest degree of weld restraint and residual
specifically designed to test the stress-corrosion cracking
weld stresses. It has been used for evaluating the susceptibility
tendencyinvariouszonesofamultiple-passweld.Notchesare
ofhigh-strengthsteelandarmorplatetounderbeadcrackingin
made in the weld metal, weld interface, heat-affected zone, or
the heat-affected zone of the weld. The welding sequence will
parent metal of cantilever beam-type specimens (Fig. 7). The
produce an increasing degree of restraint with each successive
notches serve as stress concentrators.
weld pass. The number of passes may be varied. Sections are
NOTE 1—Calculated stresses developed in beam specimens, C-rings,
taken from the weldment and if not already cracked may be
and so forth with weld beads intact will not accurately represent stresses
exposed to SCC environments.
generated in fillets at the edge of the weld beads and in relatively thick
5.1.10 C-Ring and Slit Tubing Weldments (Fig. 11)—These
beads, and strain gages will be needed if precise values of the applied
weldments (2, 4, 5)measurethecrackingtendencyintheweld,
stressarerequired.Theeffectivestressofcoursewillbethealgebraicsum
of the applied stress and residual welding stresses.
base metal, and heat-affected zone. In the C-ring test (Practice
G38), the stress is applied externally. In the slit tubing test, the NOTE 2—Calculated stresses also may be erroneous for bead-off
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) U-bend specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1)
(b) See Practice G30 for bending method.
NOTE 1—The welds may be oriented 90° to the direction shown.
FIG. 5 U-Bend Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Bent-beam specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment. (Fig. 1).
Fulcrum should be notched so as not to contact weld bead.
(b) Dimensions: as required.
(c) See Practice G39 for stress calculations.
NOTE 1—The welds may be oriented 90° to the direction shown.
FIG. 6 Bent-Beam Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Specimens may be machined from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1)orK-weld
preparation (Fig. 8).
(b) See Test Method E399 and Ref (8).
FIG. 7 Precracked Cantilever Beam Weldment
specimens of weldments of dissimilar alloys or in the case of relatively
6.2 Typical welding methods that are applicable to this
soft heat-affected zones.
practice are listed in Table 1.
6.3 Variables introduced by the welding method are (a) the
6. Welding Considerations
amount of heat input introduced by the specific welding
6.1 The choice of a welding method and the application of
process and its effect on microstructure of the weld nugget,
proper welding techniques are major factors influencing the
weld interface, and heat-affected zone of the parent metal, (b)
overall corrosion resistance of a weldment. Each welding
localized variations in chemical composition developed during
method as described in Refs (11, 12) has its own inherent
melting and solidification, (c) the possible pick-up of nitrogen,
characteristics which will govern the overall quality of the
carbon, silicon, fluorine, or other impurities from surface
weld.Theweldingmethodmustthereforebecarefullyselected
contamination,slag,electrodecoatings,fluxes,ordirectlyfrom
and monitored since it will be the governing parameter in the
theatmosphere,(d)lossofelementsacrosstheweldingarc(for
procedure and may introduce a number of variables that will
affect test results. example, chromium), (e) secondary precipitation and other
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) Double bevel groove butt-weld preparation.
(b) Vertical face buttered with filler metal.
(c) Weld joint completed with multiple passes of filler metal.
(d) Joint machined and notched as required.
(e) See Ref (7).
FIG. 8 K-Weld Preparation
Procedure:
(a) Specimens are machined from parent metal and machined to shape.
(b)
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G58 − 85 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens for
Weldments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G58; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the making and
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
utilization of test specimens for the evaluation of weldments in
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) environments.
Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
1.2 Test specimens are described in which (a) stresses are
E837 Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the
developed by the welding process only, (b) stresses are
Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method
developed by an externally applied load in addition to the
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
stresses due to welding, and (c) stresses are developed by an
sion Test Specimens
externally applied load only with residual welding stresses
G30 Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-
removed by annealing.
Corrosion Test Specimens
G35 Practice for Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless
1.3 This practice is concerned only with the welded test
Steels and Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to
specimen and not with the environmental aspects of stress-
Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Polythionic Acids
corrosion testing. Specific practices for the bending and load-
G36 Practice for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Re-
ing of test specimens, as well as the stress considerations
sistance of Metals and Alloys in a Boiling Magnesium
involved in preparation of C-rings, U-bend, bent-beam, and
Chloride Solution
tension specimens are discussed in other ASTM standards.
G37 Practice for Use of Mattsson’s Solution of pH 7.2 to
1.4 The actual stress in test specimens removed from
Evaluate the Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of
weldments is not precisely known because it depends upon the
Copper-Zinc Alloys
level of residual stress from the welding operation combined
G38 Practice for Making and Using C-Ring Stress-
with the applied stress. A method for determining the magni-
Corrosion Test Specimens
tude and direction of residual stress which may be applicable to
G39 Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-
weldment is described in Test Method E837. The reproducibil-
Corrosion Test Specimens
ity of test results is highly dependent on the preparation of the
G44 Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate
weldment, the type of test specimen tested, and the evaluation
Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution
criteria used. Sufficient replication should be employed to
G49 Practice for Preparation and Use of Direct Tension
determine the level of inherent variability in the specific test
Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
results that is consistent with the objectives of the test program.
3. Summary of Practice
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 The following summarizes the test objectives that may
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be evaluated:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 Resistance to SCC of a total weldment (weld, heat-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
affected zone, and parent metal) as produced by a specific
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific
welding process;
safety hazards information, see Section 7.)
3.1.2 Resistance to SCC of deposited weld metal;
3.1.3 Determination of a stress level or stress intensity that
will produce SCC in a weldment;
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.06 on Environmen-
tally Assisted Cracking. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as G58–85(2011). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/G0058-85R15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) Specimen size—as required.
(b) Note grain direction and weld longitudinally or across grain.
(c) For multiple-pass welds, grind between passes. Use back gouging from
opposite side to attain 100 % weld penetration.
(d) Discard weld ends.
(e) Remove test sections as required. Sections may be taken across the weld or
longitudinally with the weld.
FIG. 1 Flat Weldment
3.1.4 Evaluation of SCC failure in the specific zones of a It is applicable to materials that can be machined to approxi-
weld (weld metal, partially melted zone, weld interface, mately a 25-mm or 1-in. round.
heat-affected zone, and base metal); and
5.1.4 Direct Tension Weldments (Fig. 4)—These weldments
3.1.5 Evaluation of the effect of notches and stress raisers in
(3, 4, 5) measure the cracking tendency in weld metal, base
weldments.
metal, or heat-affected zone. The applied stress is developed in
uniaxially loaded tension specimens. Notches may be intro-
4. Significance and Use
duced into the weld metal, base metal, or heat-affected zone.
4.1 The intent of this practice is to indicate standard welded
The tension specimens are machined from welded plate or cast
specimens and welding procedures for evaluating the SCC
sections (Fig. 1) and may be made exclusively from weld
characteristics of weldments in corrosive environments. The
metal.
practice does not recommend the specific corrosive media that
5.1.5 U-Bend Weldment (Fig. 5)—This weldment (5, 6)
may be selected by the user depending upon the intent of his
measures crack tendency in the weld, base metal, and
investigation. Specific corrosive media are included in Prac-
heataffected zone. The bending operation after welding creates
tices G35, G36, G37, and G44. Other environments can be
high levels of elastic and plastic strain resulting in a wide range
used as required.
of stresses in a single specimen. The presence of residual
welding stresses make this a most severe test procedure. It is
5. Types of Specimens and Specific Applications
applicable to any material that can be formed into a U-shape
5.1 This practice covers the following procedures for the
without mechanical cracking or localized bending in the
preparation of test weldments. The form of the material to be heat-affected zone.
evaluated (plate, bar, tubing, casting, or forging) may deter-
5.1.6 Bent-Beam Weldment (Fig. 6)—This weldment (4, 5,
mine whether its usage is applicable in a given test. Residual
6) measures cracking tendency in the weld bead, the weldbase
welding stresses may be left intact or they may be fully or
metal interface, and heat-affected zone due to stress concen-
partially removed by an appropriate heat treatment.
tration. The specimen will contain residual welding stresses
5.1.1 Flat Welding (Fig. 1)—This weldment (1) is appli-
and stresses due to elastic strain produced by bending. This
cable for all tension and bend specimens. The size of the
specimen is particularly applicable to materials that cannot be
weldment may be varied according to the needs of the user or
bent into a U-shape.
the demands of welding practice being evaluated. It is appli-
5.1.7 Precracked Cantilever Beam Weldment (Fig. 7)—This
cable to any welding procedure and can involve single- or
weldment (5) measures the level of stress intensity to produce
multiple-pass welds.
crack initiation or propagation in various areas of a weldment.
5.1.2 Circular Bead Weldment (Fig. 2)—This weldment (2,
Notches or cracks may be introduced into the weld metal, base
3, 4, 5) measures the tendency for SCC in the base metal,
metal, or heat-affected zone. The specimen will contain re-
heat-affected zone, and deposited weld metal. The circular
sidual welding stresses and applied stresses. Weldments may
weld develops residual stresses. It is applicable to any material
be prepared in accordance with Fig. 1 or by means of the
form (plate, bar, castings) that can be machined to the
K-preparation for multiple-pass welds (Fig. 8 and Ref (7)).
recommended size. The welding procedure involves one cir-
5.1.8 Tuning Fork Weldment (Fig. 9)—This weldment (5, 9)
cular stringer bead deposit of weld metal.
measures cracking tendency in the base metal, heat-affected
5.1.3 Bead-on-Bar Weldment (Fig. 3)—This weldment (2)
zone, or weld-base metal interface if the weld reinforcement is
measures the tendency for SCC of the base metal. The
not removed. When the reinforcement is removed, cracking
longitudinal fusion welds develop residual stresses on the bar.
may also occur in the weld metal, depending on the suscepti-
bility of the three zones of the weldment and the coincidence
3 of maximum stress with the base metal, heat-affected zone, or
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard. weld metal. Stresses are applied by closing the tines of the fork,
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
1 1
(a) Specimen size: 100 by 100 by 3 to 12 mm (4 by 4 by ⁄8 to ⁄2 in.)
(b) Clamp or tack weld the edges of the test specimen to a base plate to obtain
restraint.
(c) Weld a 50-mm or 2-in. diameter circular bead using the selected weld process
(Table 1).
(d) Examine both sides of specimen after exposure.
FIG. 2 Circular Bead Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Specimen size: 25-mm (1 in.) diameter by 150 mm (6 in.) long.
(b) Fusion weld (GTAW) entire length on opposite sides.
1 3
(c) Discard 6 mm or ⁄4 in. from ends and remove 20-mm or ⁄4-in. test specimens.
(d) Examine cross section for radial cracking.
FIG. 3 Bead-on-Bar Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Direct tension specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1).
(b) See Practice G49 and Test Methods E8 for recommended dimensions.
FIG. 4 Direct Tension Weldments
and the toe of the weld acts as a metallurgical notch. Tuning- stress is applied by a wedge that is forced into the slit section.
fork specimens may also be machined exclusively from weld While any material form can be machined into a ring section,
metal.
this test is specifically designed for tubing.
5.1.9 Cruciform Weldment (Fig. 10)—This weldment (10) 5.1.11 K-Weld Preparation (Fig. 8)—This weldment (7) was
will develop the highest degree of weld restraint and residual
specifically designed to test the stress-corrosion cracking
weld stresses. It has been used for evaluating the susceptibility
tendency in various zones of a multiple-pass weld. Notches are
of high-strength steel and armor plate to underbead cracking in
made in the weld metal, weld interface, heat-affected zone, or
the heat-affected zone of the weld. The welding sequence will
parent metal of cantilever beam-type specimens (Fig. 7). The
produce an increasing degree of restraint with each successive
notches serve as stress concentrators.
weld pass. The number of passes may be varied. Sections are
NOTE 1—Calculated stresses developed in beam specimens, C-rings,
taken from the weldment and if not already cracked may be
and so forth with weld beads intact will not accurately represent stresses
exposed to SCC environments.
generated in fillets at the edge of the weld beads and in relatively thick
5.1.10 C-Ring and Slit Tubing Weldments (Fig. 11)—These
beads, and strain gages will be needed if precise values of the applied
weldments (2, 4, 5) measure the cracking tendency in the weld,
stress are required. The effective stress of course will be the algebraic sum
base metal, and heat-affected zone. In the C-ring test (Practice of the applied stress and residual welding stresses.
G38), the stress is applied externally. In the slit tubing test, the NOTE 2—Calculated stresses also may be erroneous for bead-off
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) U-bend specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1)
(b) See Practice G30 for bending method.
NOTE 1—The welds may be oriented 90° to the direction shown.
FIG. 5 U-Bend Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Bent-beam specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment. (Fig. 1).
Fulcrum should be notched so as not to contact weld bead.
(b) Dimensions: as required.
(c) See Practice G39 for stress calculations.
NOTE 1—The welds may be oriented 90° to the direction shown.
FIG. 6 Bent-Beam Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Specimens may be machined from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1) or K-weld
preparation (Fig. 8).
(b) See Test Method E399 and Ref (8).
FIG. 7 Precracked Cantilever Beam Weldment
specimens of weldments of dissimilar alloys or in the case of relatively
6.2 Typical welding methods that are applicable to this
soft heat-affected zones.
practice are listed in Table 1.
6. Welding Considerations 6.3 Variables introduced by the welding method are (a) the
amount of heat input introduced by the specific welding
6.1 The choice of a welding method and the application of
process and its effect on microstructure of the weld nugget,
proper welding techniques are major factors influencing the
weld interface, and heat-affected zone of the parent metal, (b)
overall corrosion resistance of a weldment. Each welding
localized variations in chemical composition developed during
method as described in Refs (11, 12) has its own inherent
melting and solidification, (c) the possible pick-up of nitrogen,
characteristics which will govern the overall quality of the
carbon, silicon, fluorine, or other impurities from surface
weld. The welding method must therefore be carefully selected
contamination, slag, electrode coatings, fluxes, or directly from
and monitored since it will be the governing parameter in the
procedure and may introduce a number of variables that will the atmosphere, (d) loss of elements across the welding arc (for
affect test results. example, chromium), (e) secondary precipitation and other
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) Double bevel groove butt-weld preparation.
(b) Vertical face buttered with filler metal.
(c) Weld joint completed with multiple passes of filler metal.
(d) Joint machined and notched as required.
(e) See Ref (7).
F
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G58 − 85 (Reapproved 2011) G58 − 85 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens for
Weldments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G58; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the making and utilization of test specimens for the evaluation of weldments in
stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) environments.
1.2 Test specimens are described in which (a) stresses are developed by the welding process only, (b) stresses are developed
by an externally applied load in addition to the stresses due to welding, and (c) stresses are developed by an externally applied
load only with residual welding stresses removed by annealing.
1.3 This practice is concerned only with the welded test specimen and not with the environmental aspects of stress-corrosion
testing. Specific practices for the bending and loading of test specimens, as well as the stress considerations involved in preparation
of C-rings, U-bend, bent-beam, and tension specimens are discussed in other ASTM standards.
1.4 The actual stress in test specimens removed from weldments is not precisely known because it depends upon the level of
residual stress from the welding operation combined with the applied stress. A method for determining the magnitude and direction
of residual stress which may be applicable to weldment is described in Test Method E837. The reproducibility of test results is
highly dependent on the preparation of the weldment, the type of test specimen tested, and the evaluation criteria used. Sufficient
replication should be employed to determine the level of inherent variability in the specific test results that is consistent with the
objectives of the test program.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazards information, see Section 7.)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
E837 Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
G30 Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
G35 Practice for Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless Steels and Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to Stress-
Corrosion Cracking in Polythionic Acids
G36 Practice for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Resistance of Metals and Alloys in a Boiling Magnesium Chloride
Solution
G37 Practice for Use of Mattsson’s Solution of pH 7.2 to Evaluate the Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Copper-Zinc
Alloys
G38 Practice for Making and Using C-Ring Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
G39 Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
G44 Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution
G49 Practice for Preparation and Use of Direct Tension Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.06 on Environmentally
Assisted Cracking.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2015. Published April 2011December 2015. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20052011
as G58–85(2005).G58–85(2011). DOI: 10.1520/G0058-85R11.10.1520/G0058-85R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) Specimen size—as required.
(b) Note grain direction and weld longitudinally or across grain.
(c) For multiple-pass welds, grind between passes. Use back gouging from
opposite side to attain 100 % weld penetration.
(d) Discard weld ends.
(e) Remove test sections as required. Sections may be taken across the weld or
longitudinally with the weld.
FIG. 1 Flat Weldment
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 The following summarizes the test objectives that may be evaluated:
3.1.1 Resistance to SCC of a total weldment (weld, heat-affected zone, and parent metal) as produced by a specific welding
process;
3.1.2 Resistance to SCC of deposited weld metal;
3.1.3 Determination of a stress level or stress intensity that will produce SCC in a weldment;
3.1.4 Evaluation of SCC failure in the specific zones of a weld (weld metal, partially melted zone, weld interface, heat-affected
zone, and base metal); and
3.1.5 Evaluation of the effect of notches and stress raisers in weldments.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The intent of this practice is to indicate standard welded specimens and welding procedures for evaluating the SCC
characteristics of weldments in corrosive environments. The practice does not recommend the specific corrosive media that may
be selected by the user depending upon the intent of his investigation. Specific corrosive media are included in Practices G35, G36,
G37, and G44. Other environments can be used as required.
5. Types of Specimens and Specific Applications
5.1 This practice covers the following procedures for the preparation of test weldments. The form of the material to be evaluated
(plate, bar, tubing, casting, or forging) may determine whether its usage is applicable in a given test. Residual welding stresses may
be left intact or they may be fully or partially removed by an appropriate heat treatment.
5.1.1 Flat Welding (Fig. 1)—This weldment (1) is applicable for all tension and bend specimens. The size of the weldment may
be varied according to the needs of the user or the demands of welding practice being evaluated. It is applicable to any welding
procedure and can involve single- or multiple-pass welds.
5.1.2 Circular Bead Weldment (Fig. 2)—This weldment (2, 3, 4, 5) measures the tendency for SCC in the base metal,
heat-affected zone, and deposited weld metal. The circular weld develops residual stresses. It is applicable to any material form
(plate, bar, castings) that can be machined to the recommended size. The welding procedure involves one circular stringer bead
deposit of weld metal.
5.1.3 Bead-on-Bar Weldment (Fig. 3)—This weldment (2) measures the tendency for SCC of the base metal. The longitudinal
fusion welds develop residual stresses on the bar. It is applicable to materials that can be machined to approximately a 25-mm or
1-in. round.
5.1.4 Direct Tension Weldments (Fig. 4)—These weldments (3, 4, 5) measure the cracking tendency in weld metal, base metal,
or heat-affected zone. The applied stress is developed in uniaxially loaded tension specimens. Notches may be introduced into the
weld metal, base metal, or heat-affected zone. The tension specimens are machined from welded plate or cast sections (Fig. 1) and
may be made exclusively from weld metal.
5.1.5 U-Bend Weldment (Fig. 5)—This weldment (5, 6) measures crack tendency in the weld, base metal, and heataffected zone.
The bending operation after welding creates high levels of elastic and plastic strain resulting in a wide range of stresses in a single
specimen. The presence of residual welding stresses make this a most severe test procedure. It is applicable to any material that
can be formed into a U-shape without mechanical cracking or localized bending in the heataffectedheat-affected zone.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
1 1
(a) Specimen size: 100 by 100 by 3 to 12 mm (4 by 4 by ⁄8 to ⁄2 in.)
(b) Clamp or tack weld the edges of the test specimen to a base plate to obtain
restraint.
(c) Weld a 50-mm or 2-in. diameter circular bead using the selected weld process
(Table 1).
(d) Examine both sides of specimen after exposure.
FIG. 2 Circular Bead Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Specimen size: 25-mm (1 in.) diameter by 150 mm (6 in.) long.
(b) Fusion weld (GTAW) entire length on opposite sides.
1 3
(c) Discard 6 mm or ⁄4 in. from ends and remove 20-mm or ⁄4-in. test specimens.
(d) Examine cross section for radial cracking.
FIG. 3 Bead-on-Bar Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Direct tension specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1).
(b) See Practice G49 and Test Methods E8 for recommended dimensions.
FIG. 4 Direct Tension Weldments
5.1.6 Bent-Beam Weldment (Fig. 6)—This weldment (4, 5, 6) measures cracking tendency in the weld bead, the weldbase metal
interface, and heat-affected zone due to stress concentration. The specimen will contain residual welding stresses and stresses due
to elastic strain produced by bending. This specimen is particularly applicable to materials that cannot be bent into a U-shape.
5.1.7 Precracked Cantilever Beam Weldment (Fig. 7)—This weldment (5) measures the level of stress intensity to produce crack
initiation or propagation in various areas of a weldment. Notches or cracks may be introduced into the weld metal, base metal, or
heat-affected zone. The specimen will contain residual welding stresses and applied stresses. Weldments may be prepared in
accordance with Fig. 1 or by means of the K-preparation for multiple-pass welds (Fig. 8 and Ref (7)).
5.1.8 Tuning Fork Weldment (Fig. 9)—This weldment (5, 9) measures cracking tendency in the base metal, heat-affected zone,
or weld-base metal interface if the weld reinforcement is not removed. When the reinforcement is removed, cracking may also
occur in the weld metal, depending on the susceptibility of the three zones of the weldment and the coincidence of maximum stress
with the base metal, heat-affected zone, or weld metal. Stresses are applied by closing the tines of the fork, and the toe of the weld
acts as a metallurgical notch. Tuning-fork specimens may also be machined exclusively from weld metal.
5.1.9 Cruciform Weldment (Fig. 10)—This weldment (10) will develop the highest degree of weld restraint and residual weld
stresses. It has been used for evaluating the susceptibility of high-strength steel and armor plate to underbead cracking in the
heat-affected zone of the weld. The welding sequence will produce an increasing degree of restraint with each successive weld
pass. The number of passes may be varied. Sections are taken from the weldment and if not already cracked may be exposed to
SCC environments.
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) U-bend specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1)
(b) See Practice G30 for bending method.
NOTE 1—The welds may be oriented 90° to the direction shown.
FIG. 5 U-Bend Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Bent-beam specimens to be machined directly from flat plate weldment. (Fig. 1).
Fulcrum should be notched so as not to contact weld bead.
(b) Dimensions: as required.
(c) See Practice G39 for stress calculations.
NOTE 1—The welds may be oriented 90° to the direction shown.
FIG. 6 Bent-Beam Weldment
Procedure:
(a) Specimens may be machined from flat plate weldment (Fig. 1) or K-weld
preparation (Fig. 8).
(b) See Test Method E399 and Ref (8).
FIG. 7 Precracked Cantilever Beam Weldment
5.1.10 C-Ring and Slit Tubing Weldments (Fig. 11)—These weldments (2, 4, 5) measure the cracking tendency in the weld, base
metal, and heat-affected zone. In the C-ring test (Practice G38), the stress is applied externally. In the slit tubing test, the stress
is applied by a wedge that is forced into the slit section. While any material form can be machined into a ring section, this test
is specifically designed for tubing.
5.1.11 K-Weld Preparation (Fig. 8)—This weldment (7) was specifically designed to test the stress-corrosion cracking tendency
in various zones of a multiple-pass weld. Notches are made in the weld metal, weld interface, heat-affected zone, or parent metal
of cantilever beam-type specimens (Fig. 7). The notches serve as stress concentrators.
NOTE 1—Calculated stresses developed in beam specimens, C-rings, and so forth.forth with weld beads intact will not accurately represent stresses
generated in fillets at the edge of the weld beads and in relatively thick beads, and strain gages will be needed if precise values of the applied stress are
required. The effective stress of course will be the algebraic sum of the applied stress and residual welding stresses.
NOTE 2—Calculated stresses also may be erroneous for bead-off specimens of weldments of dissimilar alloys or in the case of relatively soft
heat-affected zones.
G58 − 85 (2015)
Procedure:
(a) Double bevel groove butt-weld preparation.
(b) Vertical face buttered with filler metal.
(c) Weld joint completed with multiple passes of filler metal.
(d) Joint machined and notched as required.
(e) See Ref (7).
FIG. 8 K-Weld Preparation
Procedure:
(a) Specimens are machined from parent metal and machined to shape.
(b) Weld bead is applied across the test specimen at the base of one tine.
(c) Either style specimen is appropriate for this test.
FIG. 9 Tuning Fork Weldment
Procedure:
(a) The dimensions of the plate sections may be varied to suit the needs of the
material under study.
(b) To obtain maximum and uniform weld restraint it is essential to grind all mating
surfaces flat. The ground area should be extended to cover the test weld area.
(c) Weld in sequence shown. The number of passes may be varied to suit the
needs of the test.
(d) Remove and discard 6.4 mm ( ⁄2 in.) on both ends and section tests specimens
as required.
FIG. 10 Cruciform Weldment
6. Welding Considerations
6.1 The choice of a welding method and the application of proper welding techniques are major factors influencing the overall
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.