ASTM D5088-02(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
An appropriately developed, executed and documented equipment decontamination procedure is an integral and essential part of waste site investigations. The benefits of its use include:
Minimizing the spread of contaminants within a study area and from site to site,
Reducing the potential for worker exposure by means of contact with contaminated sampling equipment, and
Improved data quality and reliability.
This practice is not a substitute for a well-documented Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program. Because the ultimate test of a decontamination procedure is its ability to minimize erroneous data, a reasonable QA/QC program must be implemented.
This practice may not be applicable to all waste sites. When a sampling effort is completed to determine only the general range of chemical concentrations of interest less rigorous decontamination procedures can be adequate. Investigators should have the flexibility to modify the decontamination procedures with due consideration for the sampling objective or if QA/QC documentation supports alternative decontamination methods.
At sites where the reactivity of sampling equipment to decontamination washes creates concern for the generation of undesirable chemical by-products, the use of dedicated sampling equipment should be considered.
This practice, where applicable, should be used before, between, and after the completion of sampling events.
This practice is appropriate for use at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) contamination is known or expected. The application of this practice to other types of sites radiological, mixed (radiological and chemical), or biohazard contaminated sites may not be applicable. The application of this practice to these types of sites should be undertaken with care and consideration, along with QA/QC documentation that supports the effectiveness of these decontamination techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equipment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surface water, and groundwater at waste sites which are to undergo both physical and chemical analyses.
1.2 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern. It is not intended for use at radiological, mixed (chemical and radiological), or biohazard sites.
1.3 Procedures are included for the decontamination of equipment which comes into contact with the sample matrix (sample contacting equipment) and for ancillary equipment that has not contacted the portion of sample to be analyzed (non-sample contacting equipment).
1.4 This practice is based on commonly recognized methods by which equipment may be decontaminated. The procedures described for sample contacting equipment are commonly prescribed, however there is a minimum of scientific data that supports these methods (Mickam et al. 1989 , Parker , 1995). Therefore the user is reminded of the importance of QA/QC samples that document decontamination effectiveness and that these samples can be used to modify or enhance decontamination techniques. Decontamination at radiologically contaminated sites should refer to Practice D5608.
1.5 This practice is applicable to most conventional sampling equipment constructed of metallic and synthetic materials. The manufacturer of a specific sampling apparatus should be contacted if there is concern regarding the reactivity of a decontamination rinsing agent with the equipment.
1.6 This practice offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be ju...
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Designation: D5088 − 02(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This practice offers an organized collection of informa-
tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equip-
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
ment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surface
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
water, and groundwater at waste sites which are to undergo
judgement.Notallaspectsofthispracticemaybeapplicablein
both physical and chemical analyses.
all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to
1.2 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical
represent or replace the standard of care by which the
(organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern. It is not intended
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor
for use at radiological, mixed (chemical and radiological), or
should this document be applied without consideration of a
biohazard sites.
project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
1.3 Procedures are included for the decontamination of title of this document means only that the documents has been
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
equipment which comes into contact with the sample matrix
(sample contacting equipment) and for ancillary equipment
1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safety
that has not contacted the portion of sample to be analyzed
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
(non-sample contacting equipment).
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
1.4 Thispracticeisbasedoncommonlyrecognizedmethods
tions prior to use.
by which equipment may be decontaminated. The procedures
described for sample contacting equipment are commonly
2. Referenced Documents
prescribed, however there is a minimum of scientific data that
2 34
supports these methods (Mickam et al. 1989 , Parker , 1995).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Therefore the user is reminded of the importance of QA/QC
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
samples that document decontamination effectiveness and that
Fluids
these samples can be used to modify or enhance decontamina-
D5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment
tion techniques. Decontamination at radiologically contami-
Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
nated sites should refer to Practice D5608.
1.5 This practice is applicable to most conventional sam- 3. Terminology
pling equipment constructed of metallic and synthetic materi-
3.1 Definitions:
als. The manufacturer of a specific sampling apparatus should
3.1.1 contaminant—an undesirable substance not normally
be contacted if there is concern regarding the reactivity of a
present or an unusually high concentration of a naturally
decontamination rinsing agent with the equipment.
occurring substance in water or soil.
3.1.2 control rinse water—water used for equipment wash-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and ing and rinsing having a known chemistry.
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
3.1.3 decontamination—the process of removing or reduc-
Vadose Zone Investigations.
ing to a known level undesirable physical or chemical
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5088 – 02. DOI:
constituents, or both, from a sampling apparatus to maximize
10.1520/D5088-02R08.
the representativeness of physical or chemical analyses pro-
Mickam, J. T., Bellandi, R., and Tifft, Jr., E. C., Equipment Decontamination
posed for a given sample.
Procedures for Ground Water and Vadose Zone Monitoring Programs: Status and
Prospects, Ground Water Monitoring Review, Vol 9, No. 2, 1989, pp. 100–121.
Parker, L. V., A Literature Review on Decontaminating Groundwater Sampling
Devices: Organic Contaminates, CRREL Report 95–14, U.S. Army Cold Regions
Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 1996. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Parker, L. V., and Ranney, T. A., Decontamination Materials Used in Ground- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
water Sampling Devices, CRREL Special Report 97–24, U.S. Army Cold Regions Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 1997a. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5088 − 02 (2008)
3.1.4 non-sample contacting equipment—related equipment 5. Significance and Use
associated with the sampling effort, but that does not directly
5.1 An appropriately developed, executed and documented
contact the sample (for example, augers, drilling rods, excava-
equipment decontamination procedure is an integral and essen-
tions machinery).
tial part of waste site investigations. The benefits of its use
3.1.5 quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)—the ef- include:
forts completed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of a
5.1.1 Minimizing the spread of contaminants within a study
sampling or testing procedure, or both. area and from site to site,
5.1.2 Reducing the potential for worker exposure by means
3.1.6 sample contacting equipment—equipment that comes
of contact with contaminated sampling equipment, and
in direct contact with the sample or portion of sample that will
5.1.3 Improved data quality and reliability.
undergo chemical analyses or physical testing (for example,
groundwater well bailer, split-spoon sampler, soil gas sampling
5.2 This practice is not a substitute for a well-documented
probe).
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program. Be-
cause the ultimate test of a decontamination procedure is its
3.1.7 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, see
ability to minimize erroneous data, a reasonable QA/QC
Terminology D653.
program must be implemented.
4. Summary of Practice 5.3 This practice may not be applicable to all waste sites.
When a sampling effort is completed to determine only the
4.1 Two different procedures are presented for the decon-
general range of chemical concentrations of interest less
tamination of sample-contacting and non-sample contacting
rigorous decontamination procedures can be adequate. Inves-
equipment. The procedures have been developed based on a
tigators should have the flexibility to modify the decontamina-
review of current state and federal guidelines, as well as a
tion procedures with due consideration for the sampling
summary of commonly employed procedures. In general,
objective or if QA/QC documentation supports alternative
sample contacting equipment should be washed with a deter-
decontamination methods.
gent solution followed by a series of control water, desorbing
5.4 At sites where the reactivity of sampling equipment to
agents and deionized water rinses. Nonsample contacting
decontamination washes creates concern for the generation of
equipment should be washed with a detergent solution and
undesirable chemical by-products, the use of dedicated sam-
rinsed with control water. Although such techniques may be
pling equipment should be considered.
difficult to perform in the field, they may be necessary to most
accurately evaluate low concentrations of the chemical con-
5.5 This practice, where applicable, should be used before,
stituent(s) of interest.
between, and after the completion of sampling events.
4.2 Prior to initiating a field program that will involve 5.6 This practice is appropriate for use at sites where
equipment decontamination, a site specific equipment decon- chemical (organic and inorganic) contamination is known or
tamination protocol should be prepared for distribution to the expected.The application of this practice to other types of sites
individuals involved with the particular sampling program. radiological, mixed (radiological and chemical), or biohazard
contaminated sites may not be applicable. The application of
Information to be presented in the protocol should include:
this practice to these types of sites should be undertaken with
4.2.1 Site location and description,
care and consideration, along with QA/QC documentation that
4.2.2 Statement of the sampling program objective and
supportstheeffectivenessofthesedecontaminationtechniques.
desired precision and accuracy, that is, is sampling effort for
gross qualitative evaluation or for trace concentration, param-
6. Reagents
eter specific evaluations,
6.1 Detergent, non-phosphate detergent solution.
4.2.3 Summary of available information regarding soil
types, hydrogeology and anticipated chemistry of the materials
6.2 Acid Rinse (inorganic desorbing agent), 10 % nitric or
to be sampled,
hydrochloric acid solution-made from reagent grade nitric or
4.2.4 Listing of equipment to be used for sampling and
hydrochloric acid and deionized water (1 % is to be applied to
materials needed for decontamination,
low-carbon steel equipment).
4.2.5 Detailed step by step procedure for equipment decon-
6.3 Solvent Rinse (organic desorbing agent), isopropanol,
tamination for each piece or type of equipme
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5088–90 Designation:D5088–02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Nonradioactive
Waste Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equipment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surface water,
and ground water at waste sites which are to undergo both physical and chemical analyses.
1.2 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern andconcern. It is not
intended for use at radioactive or radiological, mixed (chemical and radioactive) wasteradiological), or biohazard sites.
1.3 Procedures are included for the decontamination of equipment which comes into contact with the sample matrix (sample
contacting equipment) and for ancillary equipment that has not contacted the portion of sample to be analyzed (non-sample
contacting equipment).
1.4This practice is based on recognized methods by which equipment may be decontaminated. When collecting environmental
matrix samples, one should become familiar with the site specific conditions. Based on these conditions and the purpose of the
sampling effort, the most suitable method of decontamination can be selected to maximize the integrity of analytical and physical
testing results.
1.4 This practice is based on commonly recognized methods by which equipment may be decontaminated. The procedures
described for sample contacting equipment are commonly prescribed, however there is a minimum of scientific data that supports
2 34
these methods (Mickam et al. 1989 , Parker , 1995). Therefore the user is reminded of the importance of QA/QC samples that
document decontamination effectiveness and that these samples can be used to modify or enhance decontamination techniques.
Decontamination at radiologically contaminated sites should refer to Practice D 5608.
1.5 This practice is applicable to most conventional sampling equipment constructed of metallic and synthetic materials. The
manufacturer of a specific sampling apparatus should be contacted if there is concern regarding the reactivity of a decontamination
rinsing agent with the equipment.
1.6
1.6 This practice offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement.
Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
documents has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of
this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.14 on Geotechnics of Waste
Management.
Current edition approved June 29, 1990. Published September 1990.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water and Vadose
Zone Investigations .
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5088 – 02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Mickam,J.T.,Bellandi,R.,andTifft,Jr.,E.C., Equipment Decontamination Procedures for Ground Water and Vadose Zone Monitoring Programs: Status and Prospects,
Ground Water Monitoring Review, Vol 9, No. 2, 1989, pp. 100–121.
Alquinox or Liquinox or similar solution has been found suitable for this purpose.
Parker, L. V., A Literature Review on Decontaminating Groundwater Sampling Devices: Organic Contaminates, CRREL Report 95–14, U.S. Army Cold Regions
Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 1996.
A drum approved by the Department of Transportation or similar container has been found suitable for this purpose.
Parker, L.V., and Ranney,T.A., Decontamination Materials Used in Groundwater Sampling Devices, CRRELSpecial Report 97–24, U.S.Army Cold Regions Research
and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 1997a.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5088–02 (2008)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 contaminant—an undesirable substance not normally present or an unusually high concentration of a naturally occurring
substance in water or soil.
3.1.2 control rinse water—water used for equipment washing and rinsing having a known chemistry.
3.1.3 decontamination—the process of removing or reducing to a known level undesirable physical or chemical constituents,
or both, from a sampling apparatus to maximize the representativeness of physical or chemical analyses proposed for a given
sample.
3.1.4 non-sample contacting equipment—related equipment associated with the sampling effort, but that does not directly
contact the sample (for example, augers, drilling rods, excavations machinery).
3.1.5 quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)—the efforts completed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of a sampling
or testing procedure, or both.
3.1.6 sample contacting equipment—equpipment that comes in direct contact with the sample or portion of sample that will
undergo chemical analyses or physical testing (for example, ground water well bailer, split-spoon sampler, soil gas sampling
probe).
3.1.7 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, see Terminology D 653.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Twodifferentproceduresarepresentedforthedecontaminationofsample-contactingandnon-samplecontactingequipment.
The procedures have been developed based on a review of current state and federal guidelines, as well as a summary of commonly
employed procedures. In general, sample contacting equipment should be washed with a detergent solution followed by a series
ofcontrolwater,desorbingagentsanddeionizedwaterrinses.Nonsamplecontactingequipmentshouldbewashedwithadetergent
solution and rinsed with control water. Although such techniques may be difficult to perform in the field, they may be necessary
to most accurately evaluate low concentrations of the chemical constituent(s) of interest.
4.2 Prior to initiating a field program that will involve equipment decontamination, a site specific equipment decontamination
protocol should be prepared for distribution to the individuals involved with the particular sampling program. Information to be
presented in the protocol should include:
4.2.1 Site location and description,
4.2.2 Statement of the sampling program objective and desired precision and accuracy, that is, is sampling effort for gross
qualitative evaluation or for trace concentration, parameter specific evaluations,
4.2.3 Summary of available information regarding soil types, hydrogeology and anticipated chemistry of the materials to be
sampled,
4.2.4 Listing of equipment to be used for sampling and materials needed for decontamination,
4.2.5 Detailed step by step procedure for equipment decontamination for each piece or type of equipment to be utilized and
procedures for rinse fluids containment and disposal as appropriate,
4.2.6 Summary of QA/QC procedures and QA/QC samples to be collected to document decontamination completeness
including specific type of chemical analyses and their associated detection limit, and
4.2.7 Outline of equipment decontamination verification report.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 An appropriately developed, executed and documented equipment decontamination procedure is an integral and essential
part of waste site investigations. The benefits of its use include:
5.1.1 Minimizing the spread of contaminants within a study area and from site to site,
5.1.2 Reducing the potential for worker exposure by means of contact with contaminated sampling equipment, and
5.1.3 Improved data quality and reliability.
5.2 This practice is not a substitute for a well-documented QualityAssurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program. Because the
ultimate test of a decontamination procedure is its ability to minimize erroneous data, a reasonable QA/QC program must be
implemented.
5.3 This practice may not be applicable to all waste sites. When a sampling effort is completed to determine only the general
range of chemical concentrations of interest less rigorous decontamination procedures can be adequate. Investigators should have
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
D5088–02 (2008)
the flexibility to modify the decontamination procedures with due consideration for the sampling objective or if QA/QC
documentation supports alternative decontamination methods.
5.4 At sites where the reactivity of sampling equipment to decontamination washes creates concern for the generation of
undesirable chemical by-products, the use of dedicated sampling equipment should be considered.
5.5 This practice, where applicable, should be used before
...
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