ASTM D3609-22
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Permeation Tubes
Standard Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Permeation Tubes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Most analytical methods used in air pollutant measurements are comparative in nature and require calibration or standardization, or both, often with known blends of the gas of interest. Since many of the important air pollutants are reactive and unstable, it is difficult to store them as standard mixtures of known concentration for extended calibration purposes. An alternative is to prepare dynamically standard blends as required. This procedure is simplified if a constant source of the gas of interest can be provided. Permeation tubes provide this constant source, if properly calibrated and if maintained at constant temperature. Permeation tubes have been specified as reference calibration sources, for certain analytical procedures, by the Environmental Protection Agency (3).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a means for using permeation tubes for dynamically calibrating instruments, analyzers, and analytical procedures used in measuring concentrations of gases or vapors in atmospheres (1, 2).2
1.2 Typical materials that may be sealed in permeation tubes include: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, ammonia, propane, and butane (1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3609 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Calibration Techniques Using Permeation Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice describes a means for using permeation 4.1 Aliquefiable gas, when enclosed in an inert plastic tube,
tubes for dynamically calibrating instruments, analyzers, and escapes by permeating the tubing wall at a constant,
analytical procedures used in measuring concentrations of reproducible, temperature-dependent rate.
2
gases or vapors in atmospheres (1, 2).
4.2 Permeationtubesarecalibratedgravimetrically,withthe
1.2 Typicalmaterialsthatmaybesealedinpermeationtubes weight loss of the tube equated to the weight of the escaping
include: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, material.
chlorine, ammonia, propane, and butane (1).
4.3 Permeation tubes are held at constant temperature in a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as carrier-gas stream of dry air or nitrogen to produce a gas
standard. concentration dependent on the permeation rate and the flow of
the carrier gas.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Most analytical methods used in air pollutant measure-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ments are comparative in nature and require calibration or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
standardization, or both, often with known blends of the gas of
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
interest. Since many of the important air pollutants are reactive
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
andunstable,itisdifficulttostorethemasstandardmixturesof
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
known concentration for extended calibration purposes. An
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
alternative is to prepare dynamically standard blends as re-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
quired. This procedure is simplified if a constant source of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
gas of interest can be provided. Permeation tubes provide this
2. Referenced Documents
constant source, if properly calibrated and if maintained at
3
constant temperature. Permeation tubes have been specified as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reference calibration sources, for certain analytical procedures,
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
by the Environmental Protection Agency (3).
Atmospheres
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
6. Interferences and Precautions
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom- 6.1 Permeation tubes are essentially devices to provide a
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids constant rate of emission of a specific gaseous substance over
period of time.They consist of a two-phase (gas-liquid) system
3. Terminology
to maintain a constant vapor pressure (at constant temperature)
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology D1356. which is the driving force for emission of the gas through a
semipermeable membrane (tube walls). They can be expected
1 to maintain a constant emission rate that is temperature
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.01 on Quality Control.
dependent as long as a significant amount of liquid is present
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
inthedevice.Theliquidshallbepure,elseitscompositionmay
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D3609 – 00 (2014).
change during the life time of the tube, due to differential
DOI: 10.1520/D3609-22.
2
evaporation, with consequent vapor pressure changes. Care
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard.
must also be exercised that the diffusion membrane (tube
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
walls) is not damaged or altered during use. The contents of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
permeation tubes are under relatively high pressure.
Standards volume information, r
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3609 − 00 (Reapproved 2014) D3609 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Calibration Techniques Using Permeation Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes a means for using permeation tubes for dynamically calibrating instruments, analyzers, and analytical
2
procedures used in measuring concentrations of gases or vapors in atmospheres (1, 2).
1.2 Typical materials that may be sealed in permeation tubes include: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine,
ammonia, propane, and butane (1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology D1356.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A liquefiable gas, when enclosed in an inert plastic tube, escapes by permeating the tubing wall at a constant, reproducible,
temperature-dependent rate.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.01 on Quality Control.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2022. Published September 2014December 2022. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20102014
as D3609 – 00 (2010).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D3609-00R14.10.1520/D3609-22.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3609 − 22
4.2 Permeation tubes are calibrated gravimetrically, with the weight loss of the tube equated to the weight of the escaping material.
4.3 Permeation tubes are held at constant temperature in a carrier-gas stream of dry air or nitrogen to produce a gas concentration
dependent on the permeation rate and the flow of the carrier gas.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Most analytical methods used in air pollutant measurements are comparative in nature and require calibration or
standardization, or both, often with known blends of the gas of interest. Since many of the important air pollutants are reactive
and unstable, it is difficult to store them as standard mixtures of known concentration for extended calibration purposes. An
alternative is to prepare dynamically standard blends as required. This procedure is simplified if a constant source of the gas of
interest can be provided. Permeation tubes provide this constant source, if properly calibrated and if maintained at constant
temperature. Permeation tubes have been specified as reference calibration sources, for certain analytical procedures, by the
Environmental Protection Agency (3).
NOTE 1—This system has the advantage of smaller uncertainty of the temperature of the permeation tube.
FIG. 1 Optional System for Laboratory Use of a Permeation Tube
6. Interferences and Precautions
6.1 Permeation tubes are essentially devices to provide a constant rate of emission of a specific gaseous substance over period of
time. They consist of a two-phase (gas-liquid) s
...
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