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ASTM B488-18

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited gold coatings for engineering applications, employed specifically for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization), bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, and infrared reflectivity. This specification does not cover gold coatings produced from autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposition. Coatings shall be classified into types, which characterize minimum purity, and codes, which designate Knoop hardness. Coatings shall be sampled, tested and conform to specified requirements as to purity, hardness, appearance, thickness, mass per unit area, ductility, adhesion (assessed by either bend, heat, or cutting test), and integrity (including gross defects, mechanical damage, and porosity).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited gold coatings that contain not less than 99.00 mass % gold and that are used for engineering applications.  
1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.  
1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are employed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization), bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, and infrared reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing in gold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values provided in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods section, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2018
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.04 - Precious Metal Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM B799-95(2014) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Gold and Palladium Coatings by Sulfurous Acid/Sulfur-Dioxide Vapor
Effective Date
01-Oct-2014
Refers
ASTM B482-85(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys for Electroplating
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM B558-79(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM B481-68(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Titanium and Titanium Alloys<brk/> for Electroplating
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM B281-88(2019)e1 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM B542-13(2019) - Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and Their Use
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Refers
ASTM B183-79(2014) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
Effective Date
01-Nov-2014
Refers
ASTM B242-99(2014) - Standard Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
Effective Date
01-Nov-2014
Refers
ASTM B678-86(2017) - Standard Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-Coated Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2017
Refers
ASTM D3951-15 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM D3951-18 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
01-May-2018
Refers
ASTM B571-18 - Standard Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Refers
ASTM B765-03(2018) - Standard Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Refers
ASTM B809-95(2018) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor (&#x201c;Flowers-of-Sulfur&#x201d;)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Referred By
ASTM B877-96(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by the Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA) Method
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Referred By
ASTM B679-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Referred By
ASTM B984-12(2020)e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Cobalt Alloy for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Referred By
ASTM B866-95(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by Polysulfide Immersion
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Referred By
ASTM B867-95(2018) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Nickel for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018

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ASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering UsesASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
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ASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
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REDLINE ASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering UsesREDLINE ASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
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Technical specification
REDLINE ASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
English language
8 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:B488 −18
Standard Specification for
1
Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope B183Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
Electroplating
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversrequirementsforelectrodepos-
B242Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
itedgoldcoatingsthatcontainnotlessthan99.00mass%gold
troplating
and that are used for engineering applications.
B253Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-
1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are
troplating
autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.
B254Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are em- Stainless Steel
ployed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including B281Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base
Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization),
bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, B322Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
B343Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplating
and infrared reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing in
gold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification. with Nickel
B374Terminology Relating to Electroplating
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
B481Practice for Preparation of Titanium and Titanium
standard. Values provided in parentheses are for information
Alloys for Electroplating
only.
B482Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and Tungsten
1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test
Alloys for Electroplating
methods section, Section 9, of this specification: This standard
B487Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
Cross Section
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
B489Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on
limitations prior to use.
Metals
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
B499Test Method for Measurement of CoatingThicknesses
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Magnetic Basis Metals
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
B504Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
B507Practice for Design ofArticles to Be Electroplated on
Racks
2. Referenced Documents
B542Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts andTheir
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Use
B558Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electro-
plating
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
B567Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
by the Beta Backscatter Method
B08.04 on Precious Metal Coatings.
B568Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
by X-Ray Spectrometry
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B488–11. DOI:
10.1520/B0488-18.
B571Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Coatings
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
B578Test Method for Microhardness of Electroplated Coat-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ings
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B488−18
B602Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and 4. Classification
Inorganic Coatings
4.1 Types of Coatings—A coating shall be specified by a
B678Te
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B488 − 11 B488 − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited gold coatings that contain not less than 99.00 mass % gold and
that are used for engineering applications.
1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.
1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are employed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including resistance
to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization), bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, and infrared
reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing in gold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values provided in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods section, Section 9, of this specification:This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Steel
B281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
B343 Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplating with Nickel
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
B481 Practice for Preparation of Titanium and Titanium Alloys for Electroplating
B482 Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys for Electroplating
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross Section
B489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on Metals
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis
Metals
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
B507 Practice for Design of Articles to Be Electroplated on Racks
B542 Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and Their Use
B558 Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.04 on
Precious Metal Coatings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Aug. 1, 2018. Published November 2010October 2018. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20102011
as B488 – 01B488 – 11.(2010)e01. DOI: 10.1520/B0488-11.10.1520/B0488-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B488 − 18
B567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry
B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing
...

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SCOPE
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1.3 Cadmium coatings are used for corrosion resistance and for corrosion prevention of the basis metal part. The as-deposited coating (Type I) is useful for the lowest cost protection in a mild or noncorrosive environment where early formation of white corrosion products is not detrimental or harmful to the function of a component. The prime purpose of the supplementary chromate finishes (Types II and III) on the electroplated cadmium is to increase corrosion resistance. Chromating will retard or prevent the formation of white corrosion products on surfaces exposed to various environmental conditions as well as delay the appearance of corrosion from the basis metal.  
1.4 Cadmium plating is used to minimize bi-metallic corrosion between high-strength steel fasteners and aluminum in the aerospace industry. Undercutting of threads on fastener parts is not necessary as the cadmium coating has a low coefficient of friction that reduces the tightening torque required and allows repetitive dismantling.  
1.5 Cadmium-coated parts can easily be soldered without the use of corrosive fluxes. Cadmium-coated steel parts have a lower electrical contact resistance than zinc-coated steel. The lubricity of cadmium plating is used on springs for doors and latches and for weaving machinery operating in high humidity. Corrosion products formed on cadmium are tightly adherent. Unlike zinc, cadmium does not build up voluminous corrosion products on the surface. This allows for proper functioning during corrosive exposure of moving parts, threaded assemblies, valves, and delicate mechanisms without jamming with debris.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and R...

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ASTM
ASTM B635-00(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Coatings of Cadmium-Tin Mechanically Deposited

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for a coating that is a mixture of cadmium and tin mechanically deposited on metal products. The coating shall be 45 to 75 mass % cadmium, the remainder tin. All steel parts that have ultimate tensile strength of 1000 MPa and above and that contain tensile stresses caused by machining, grinding, straightening, or cold forming operation shall be given a stress relief heat treatment prior to cleaning and metal deposition. High-strength steels that have heavy oxide or scale shall be cleaned before application of the coating in accordance with guide B 242. Chromate treatment for Type II shall be done in a solution containing hexavalent chromium. The cadmium-tin coating shall be sufficiently adherent to the basis metal to pass the prescribed testing. Steel springs and other high-strength steel parts shall be free from hydrogen embrittlement. The coating shall be uniform in appearance and substantially free of blisters, pits, nodules, flaking and other defects that can adversely affect the function of the coating. Chemical composition of the cadmium-tin coating shall be determined when required on the purchase order by procedures given in methods E 87 or test methods E 396. The thickness of the coating shall be determined by the microscopical method, the magnetic method, or the beta backscatter method as applicable. Chromate conversion coatings of cadmium-tin both have an essentially silvery-white appearance. Adhesion of the cadmium-tin deposit to the basis metal shall be tested in a manner that is consistent with the service requirements of the coated article. Coated parts to be tested for the absence of embrittlement from cleaning shall be tested for brittle failure in accordance with a suitable method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a coating that is a mixture of cadmium and tin mechanically deposited on metal products. The coating is provided in various thicknesses up to and including 12 μm.  
1.2 Mechanical deposition greatly reduces the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and is suitable for coating bores and recesses in many parts that cannot be conveniently plated electrolytically. (See Appendix X1.)  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM B633-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited zinc coatings applied to iron or steel articles for corrosion protection purposes. Electrodeposited zinc-coated steel wires or sheets are not covered here. The coatings shall be provided in four standard thickness classes in the as-plated condition or with one of three types of supplementary finishes. The surfaces of the articles shall under go pre-plating basis metal cleaning, pre- and post-coating treatment for reducing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and reactivation and supplementary treatments. Coatings should be sampled, prepared, tested and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to appearance (luster and workmanship), thickness, adhesion, corrosion resistance, and hydrogen embrittlement.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers material and process requirements for electrodeposited zinc coatings applied to iron or steel articles to protect them from corrosion.  
1.2 This specification is not intended to provide the design activity with all the background needed to properly specify their zinc coating requirements. The users of Specification B633 are encouraged to review this specification in its entirety including the appendices, and access the supplementary papers, other standards, and published literature referenced herein and within other related references.  
1.3 The coatings are provided in four standard thickness classes (4.1), in the as-plated condition or with one of five types of supplementary finishes (4.2).  
1.4 High strength metals, including high strength steels having a tensile strength greater than 1700 MPa (247 ksi, 46 HRC) should not be zinc electroplated in accordance with this specification.  
1.5 It does not cover continuous processes for electrodeposited zinc coated steel wire or sheets (see Specification A591/A591M for sheets).  
1.6 For zinc electroplating of mechanical fasteners, the purchaser is encouraged to consider Specification F1941/F1941M.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This standard has been revised to address RoHS requirements that seek to limit the exposure of workers and the public from exposure to toxic metals. Additional types V and VI have been added to permit non-chromate passivate treatments to be used in replacement of hexavalent chromium.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B200-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Lead and Lead-Tin Alloys on Steel and Ferrous Alloys

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited lead and lead-tin alloy coatings on steel and ferrous alloys. Sheets, strips, or wires in the unfabricated form are not covered here. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to thickness, adhesion, corrosion resistance, hydrogen embrittlement, composition, workmanship, finish, and appearance.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
7.1 Electrodeposits of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel and ferrous alloys are produced where it is desired to obtain atmospheric corrosion resistance. Deposits of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel have shown to have excellent corrosion protective qualities in atmospheric exposure, especially when under-coated by a thin deposit of copper (or nickel). Applications of lead and lead-tin alloy deposits include the following: protection from dilute sulfuric acid; lining of brine refrigeration tanks; chemical apparatus; and parts for storage batteries; and for coating bearing surfaces. In this last application, lead is electroplated alone, or as an alloy and coated with another metal, such as indium. The indium may be diffused into the lead or lead alloy by heat treatment. See Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited coatings of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel and ferrous alloys. The coatings of lead-tin alloys are those that range in tin content up to, but not exceeding, 15 mass %. The coatings ranging between 3 and 15 mass % in tin content are known also as “terne” metallic electrodeposits.  
1.2 This specification does not apply to sheet, strip, or wire in the unfabricated form.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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