ASTM E2589-11
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods of Powder Characterization
Standard Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods of Powder Characterization
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Interpretation and use of data generated by particle characterization methods is highly dependent on the definitions of terms describing that data. It is extremely important that those terms be defined in precisely the same way both when comparing data from different characterization techniques and even when correlating data from the same technique.
It is likewise important that users of particle characterization methods and the data generated therefrom understand the principles of the methods, so that differences and similarities in the data can be interpreted in relation to those principles. That understanding can help to avoid disagreements when data from different characterization methods are compared.
The definitions contained in this terminology will aid in the interpretation of particle characterization data with respect to the method(s) used to produce that data.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the definitions of terms used in the description and procedures of analysis of particulate materials not ordinarily analyzed using test sieves. The terms relate directly to the equipment used in analysis, the physical forms of the materials to be analyzed, and selected descriptive data reduction and analysis formats.
1.2 Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization believes that it is essential to include terms and definitions explicit to the committee’s scope, regardless of whether the terms appear in existing ASTM standards. Terms that are in common usage and appear in common-language dictionaries are generally not included, unless they have specific meanings in the context of particle characterization different from the common-language definitions.
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Designation: E2589 − 11
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Nonsieving Methods of Powder Characterization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2589; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Particle size distribution, surface area, and other forms of particle analysis have been commonly
adopted methods of verifying compliance with desired particle specifications for some time. Greater
emphasis is now being placed on inter- and intralaboratory correlation of all particle measurement
systems.
To ensure a better understanding of the comparison of testing results from particle measurement
systems, terminology relating to the measurements must be clearly defined and documented so that
both the recipient and generator of the data are in full agreement as to the meaning of the data. Every
effort has been made here to ensure accuracy, precision, and clarity for the terms included in this
terminology document. For Committee E29, this is an ongoing process with new terms being
developed and defined for future inclusion. Suggestions and comments for additions, corrections, and
revisions are welcomed.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This terminology covers the definitions of terms used in
3.1 Interpretation and use of data generated by particle
the description and procedures of analysis of particulate characterization methods is highly dependent on the definitions
materials not ordinarily analyzed using test sieves. The terms
of terms describing that data. It is extremely important that
relate directly to the equipment used in analysis, the physical those terms be defined in precisely the same way both when
forms of the materials to be analyzed, and selected descriptive
comparing data from different characterization techniques and
data reduction and analysis formats. even when correlating data from the same technique.
1.2 Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization
3.2 It is likewise important that users of particle character-
believes that it is essential to include terms and definitions ization methods and the data generated therefrom understand
explicit to the committee’s scope, regardless of whether the
the principles of the methods, so that differences and similari-
terms appear in existing ASTM standards. Terms that are in ties in the data can be interpreted in relation to those principles.
common usage and appear in common-language dictionaries
That understanding can help to avoid disagreements when data
are generally not included, unless they have specific meanings from different characterization methods are compared.
in the context of particle characterization different from the
3.3 The definitions contained in this terminology will aid in
common-language definitions.
the interpretation of particle characterization data with respect
to the method(s) used to produce that data.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Terminology
E2578 PracticeforCalculationofMeanSizes/Diametersand
area, A, n—in image analysis, sum of pixels representing a
Standard Deviations of Particle Size Distributions
binary object.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E29 on Particle aspect ratio, n—in image analysis, ratio of the maximum to
and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02
the minimum dimensions as determined by the technique.
on Non-Sieving Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
binarization, n—in image analysis, process of reducing a
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2589 – 09a. DOI:
digital image to a binary image.
10.1520/E2589-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
binary object,, n—in image analysis, set of connected binary
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
pixels representing the two dimensional projection of a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. particle.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2589 − 11
binary image,n—inimageanalysis, image formed by an array equivalent volume diameter, n—diameter of a sphere that has
of pixels having only two possible values, representing the same volume as the particle under analysis.
objects and background, as a result of binarization. Synony-
Feret diameter, F, n—distance between two parallel tangents
mous with binary plane an
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2589–09a Designation:E2589–11
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Nonsieving Methods of Powder Characterization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2589; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Particle size distribution, surface area, and other forms of particle analysis have been commonly
adopted methods of verifying compliance with desired particle specifications for some time. Greater
emphasis is now being placed on inter- and intralaboratory correlation of all particle measurement
systems.
To ensure a better understanding of the comparison of testing results from particle measurement
systems, terminology relating to the measurements must be clearly defined and documented so that
both the recipient and generator of the data are in full agreement as to the meaning of the data. Every
effort has been made here to ensure accuracy, precision, and clarity for the terms included in this
terminology document. For Committee E29, this is an ongoing process with new terms being
developed and defined for future inclusion. Suggestions and comments for additions, corrections, and
revisions are welcomed.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers the definitions of terms used in the description and procedures of analysis of particulate materials
not ordinarily analyzed using test sieves. The terms relate directly to the equipment used in analysis, the physical forms of the
materials to be analyzed, and selected descriptive data reduction and analysis formats.
1.2 Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization believes that it is essential to include terms and definitions explicit
to the committee’s scope, regardless of whether the terms appear in existing ASTM standards. Terms that are in common usage
and appear in common-language dictionaries are generally not included, unless they have specific meanings in the context of
particle characterization different from the common-language definitions.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02 on
Non-Sieving Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009.April 1, 2011. Published March 2010.May 2011. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
E2589 – 09a. DOI: 10.1520/E2589-09A.10.1520/E2589-11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2589–11
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2578 Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters and Standard Deviations of Particle Size Distributions
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Interpretation and use of data generated by particle characterization methods is highly dependent on the definitions of terms
describing that data. It is extremely important that those terms be defined in precisely the same way both when comparing data
from different characterization techniques and even when correlating data from the same technique.
3.2 It is likewise important that users of particle characterization methods and the data generated therefrom understand the
principles of the methods, so that differences and similarities in the data can be interpreted in relation to those principles. That
understanding can help to avoid disagreements when data from different characterization methods are compared.
3.3 The definitions contained in this terminology will aid in the interpretation of particle characterization data with respect to
the method(s) used to produce that data.
4. Terminology
area, A, n—in image analysis, sum of pixels representing a binary object.
aspect ratio, n— in image analysis, ratio of the maximum to the minimum dimensions as determined by the technique.
binarization, n— in image analysis, process of reducing a digital image to a binary image.
binary object,, n—in image analysis, set of connected binary pixels representing the two dimensional projection of a particle.
binary image, n— in image analysis, image formed by an array of pixels having only two possible values, representing objects
and background, as a result of binarization. Synonymous with binary plane and bitplane.
blind pore, n—open pore having only a single connectio
...
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