ASTM D2670-95(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used to determine wear obtained with fluid lubricants under the prescribed test conditions. The user of this test method should determine to his or her own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure correlate with field performance or other bench test machines. If the test conditions are changed, wear values may change and relative ratings of fluids may be different.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for making a preliminary evaluation of the wear properties of fluid lubricants by means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test Machine.
Note 1—Certain fluid lubricants may require different test parameters depending upon their performance characteristics.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2670 − 95(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin
and Vee Block Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2670; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.2 direct load, n—theloadthatisappliedlinearly,bisect-
ing the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800 lbf or
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for making a
3000 lbf gage reference.
preliminaryevaluationofthewearpropertiesoffluidlubricants
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This load is equivalent to the true load
by means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test
times the cos 42°.
Machine.
3.1.3 true load, n—the sum of the applied forces normal to
NOTE 1—Certain fluid lubricants may require different test parameters
the tangents of contact between the faces of one vee block and
depending upon their performance characteristics.
the journal pin corrected to the 4500 lbf gage reference line.
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3.1.4 wear teeth, n—a measurement of wear, which in this
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
test, is based on the number of ratchet wheel teeth advanced
information only.
during the test while maintaining load.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The number of teeth is directly related
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to the total wear (inches).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The test consists of running a rotating steel journal
againsttwostationarysteelV-blocksimmersedinthelubricant
2. Referenced Documents
sample. Load is applied to the V-blocks and maintained by a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ratchet mechanism. Wear is determined and recorded as the
B16/B16MSpecification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar
numberofteethoftheratchetmechanismadvancedtomaintain
and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
load constant during the prescribed testing time.
3. Terminology
5. Significance and Use
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1 This test method may be used to determine wear
3.1.1 actual gage load, n—thevalueobtainedfromthegage
obtained with fluid lubricants under the prescribed test condi-
while running the test and before any corrections are made.
tions. The user of this test method should determine to his or
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The gage reading is irrespective of the
her own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure
particular gage used, and corrections are made by comparison
correlate with field performance or other bench test machines.
to a standard reference.
Ifthetestconditionsarechanged,wearvaluesmaychangeand
relative ratings of fluids may be different.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
6. Apparatus
Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.L0.11
6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test Machine,
on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.
This test method was prepared under the joint sponsorship of the American
illustrated in Figs. 1-3.
Society of Lubrication Engineers. Accepted by ASLE in May 1967.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2670–95 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/D2670-95R10. The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine available from Falex Corp., 1020
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL60554 has been found satisfactory for this purpose.A
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM new model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certain operating
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on procedures are different for this new model. Consult the instruction manual of
the ASTM website. machine for this information.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2670 − 95 (2010)
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Required for Calibration of Load Gage:
7.1.1 Allen Screw, with attached 10-mm Brinell ball.
7.1.2 Back-Up Plug.
7.1.3 Standard Test Coupon, soft, annealed copper, HB 37
to 39.
7.1.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent,
7.1.5 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes, and
7.1.6 Rule, steel, 6-in. (approximately 150-mm) long.
7.2 Required for Test:
7.2.1 Standard Coined V-Blocks, 96 6 1° angle, AISI
C-1137steelHRC20to24,surfacefinish5to10µin.(1.3×10
7 −7
− to 2.5×10 m), rms,
7.2.2 Standard Test Journals, ⁄4-in. (6.35-mm) outside
diameterby1 ⁄4-in.(31.75-mm)long,AISI3135steel,HRB87
to 91 on a ground flat surface, surface finish 5 to 10 µin.,
−
7 −7
(1.3×10 to 2.5×10 m), rms,
FIG. 1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
7.2.3 Locking Pins, ⁄2Hbrass,conformingtoSpecification
B16/B16M.
7.2.4 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes.
7.2.5 Solvent, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated.
NOTE2—Petroleumdistillateandbenzene,formerlyusedassolventsin
this test method, have been eliminated due to possible toxic effects. Each
user should select a solvent that can meet applicable safety standards and
still thoroughly clean the parts.
8. Calibration of Load Gages
8.1 Apparatus with 800-lb or 3000-lb Gage:
8.1.1 Remove the Allen set screw and ⁄2 in. (12.70-mm)
ball from the left jaw socket (Fig. 4).
8.1.2 InsertthespecialAllenscrewwiththeattached10-mm
Brinellballintotheworkingfaceoftheleftjaw.Adjustsothat
ballprojectsabout ⁄32(approximately4mm)fromfaceofjaw.
8.1.3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore of the
right-hand jaw. Adjust so that the plug projects about ⁄32 in.
FIG. 2 Falex Digital Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
(approximately 0.8 mm) from the face.
8.1.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upper
edge of the coupon is about ⁄32in. (approximately 2.5 mm)
below the upper surface of the jaws. Place a steel rule across
the face of the jaws. Adjust the Allen screw with the attached
10-mm ball until the face of the jaws are parallel to the steel
rule with the test coupon in position for indentation.
8.1.5 With the test coupon in position for the first
impression, place the load gage assembly on the lever arms.
8.1.6 Placetheloadingarmontheratchetwheelandactuate
the motor.Allow the motor to run until the load gage indicates
a load of 200 lb. A slight takeup on the ratchet wheel is
required to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the test
coupon.After a 200-lb load is obtained, hold for 1 min for the
indentation to form.
8.1.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load until the
FIG. 3 Exploded View of V-Blocks and Journal Arrangement,
test coupon is free from the jaws. Advance the test coupon
Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test Machine
approximately ⁄8 in. (approximately 9.5 mm) (additional
indentations should be separated by a minimum distance of
2.5×the diameter of the initial indentation). Check the align-
mentofthejaws,andrepeattheproceduredescribedin8.1.6at
Available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.
D2670 − 95 (2010)
FIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of Calibration Accessories for Falex Pin and Vee Block Lubricant Test Machine
gageloadsof400,600,and800lbwhenusingan800-lbgage. to390SUS(73.4to84.2cSt).Heattheblend,inaglassbeaker,
If a 3000-lb gage is used, check at 800, 1500, and 2500 lb. to 240 to 250°F (116 to 121°C) and stir (glass stirrer) for 15
8.1.8 Remove the load gage assembly and test coupon and
min. Designate this mixture as Blend A.
measure the diameter of each indentation to 0.01 mm with a
9.2 Prepare, similarly, a blend containing 0.20 weight% of
microscope. Make three measurements of the indentation
sulfur and 99.80 weight% of white mineral oil. Designate this
diameter, rotating the test coupon to ensure that no two
mixture as Blend B.
measurements represent the same points. Average the three
measurements of each impression and record.
9.3 Refer to Section 8 for recommended use of these
8.1.9 Plot the four impression readings versus gage load
standards.
readings on log-log paper (K and E 467080 or equivalent).
From the plot determine the gage load reading corresponding
10. Apparatus and Testing Check
toanimpressiondiameterof3.30mm.Typically,thisgageload
10.1 The purpose of this check is to establish that the
reading will be about 700 lb. This gage load shall be used in
Section 12. A typical plot of impression diameter versus gage apparatus is in satisfactory condition and that the test is being
readings is shown in Fig. 5. runinconformancetotheprocedurecoveredinSection13.For
such check purposes the fluid standards covered in Section 9
8.2 Apparatus with 4500-lb Gage—Use the same procedure
should be used (Note 3). The average of triplicate runs on the
as with 800-lb gage, above, except obtain impressions at gage
fluidstandardsshouldfallwithinthefollowinglimits(Note4):
readings of 300, 500, 750, and 1000 lb. Plot the impression
Total Teeth Wear, avg.
readings and determine the gage load corresponding to an
Blend of triplicate runs
impression diameter of 3.30 mm. Typically, this gage load
readingwillbeabout900lb.Thisgageloadshallbeusedinthe
A 36to71
B 101 to 127
procedure, (Section 13). Fig. 4 includes a typical plot of
impressiondiameterversusgagereadingsforthe4500-lbgage.
Repeatability of test data should conform to precision limits
set forth in Section 15.
9. Test Standards Check
NOTE 3—Three commercial cutting oils were initially chosen as
9.1 Prepare a blend containing 0.10 weight% of sulfur,
reference fluid standards. These were replaced by the specified white
precipitated powder, USP, and 99.90 weight percent white
oil-sulfur blends because of greater availability, uniformity, and purity.
mineral oil, USP, having a viscosity at 100°F (37.8°C) of 340
ResultsofthecooperativetestsonthecuttingoilsarecoveredinAppendix
X1.
NOTE 4—These limits were derived from data in Appendix X1. The
Sulfur,sospecified,fromJ.T.BakerChemicalCo.hasbeenfoundsatisfactory.
limits shown for Blend A are the minimum and maximum averages
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM
obtainedintheSeries2tests.Essentiallythesameaverageswereobtained
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
in the Series 1 and 3 tests.
meeting of the responsible technical committee , which you may attend.
ThelimitsshownforBlendBaretheminimumandmaximumaverages
Available from most petroleum refining companies. Also available from most
obtainedintheSeries1tests.Essentiallythesameaverageswereobtained
drug stores, typically labeled White Mineral Oil Extra Heavy. See Table X1.1 for
specific products found satisfactory in cooperative test work. in the Series 3 tests.
D2670 − 95 (2010)
FIG. 5 Typical Curves of Gage Load Readings versus Impression Diameter, Using 800, 3000 and 4500-lb Gages and BHN 37 to 39 Stan-
dard Test Coupons
11. Test Conditions 13. Procedure
11.1 The test shall be conducted under the following con- 13.1 Insert the test journal in the test shaft and secure with
ditions (Note 5): a new brass locking pin, as shown in Figs. 1-3.
Oil temperature at start of test 75 ± 10°F (24 ± 3°C)
13.2 Insert the V-blocks into the recesses of the loading
Speed 290 ± 10 rpm
deviceandswingtheV-blocksinwardtocontactthejournalso
Gage load corresponding to 3.30-mm diameter
that the V-grooves are aligned with the journal major axis, as
impression on standard test coupon
Durationoftest 15 min±5s
shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
NOTE 5—Although the test can be run under other test conditions, the
13.3 Place 60 mL of test lubricant in the lubricant cup and
precision limits described in Section 14 apply only to tests conducted
raise the cup so that the V-blocks are immersed in the test
under the conditions shown above and the procedure specified in Section
lubricant.
13.
13.4 Placetheautomaticloadingdevicewithattachedgage,
12. Preparation of Apparatus
on the jaw arms.
12.1 Thoroughly clean the V-blocks, test journals, lubricant 13.5 Remove slack from assembly by moving the ratchet
cup, and supports for V-blocks and test journals by washing
wheelbyhand.Atthissettingthetorquegageshouldreadzero,
with the solvent selected in 7.2.5. Dry the V-blocks, test or be adjusted to read zero.
journals,lubricantcup,andsupports,byallowingthesolventto
13.6 Actuate the motor, engage the automatic loading
evaporate in air.
ratchet and increase the gage load to 250 lb if the 800 or
12.2 After cleaning, handle the test pieces with care to 3000-lb gage is used, or 350 lb if the 4500-lb gage is used.
prevent contamination. Particularly, avoid contact of fingers Disengage the loading ratchet, start the timer, and allow the
with mating surfaces of V-blocks and test journals. machine to run at this loading for a 5-min break-in period.
D2670 − 95 (2010)
13.7 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave it 15.1.1 Repeatability—The difference between successive
engaged until the gage load corresponding to 3.30-mm diam- test results, obtained by the same operator with the same
eter indentation on the standard test coupon (7.1 and 7.2)is
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test
reached (Note 6). When this gage load is reached, disengage
material would, in the long run, and in the normal and correct
the loading device, start the time, and record the gear tooth
operation of the test method, exceed the following values only
number(Note7).Runthetestfor15min,maintainingtheload
in one case in twenty:
atnearconstantduringthetestbytakinguptheload,bymeans
22%ofthemean
of the ratchet wheel, whenever wear causes a drop in load of 5
lb on the 800-lb gage or 50 lb on the 4500-lb gage. After 15
15.1.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two, single
min running at the test load, reduce the load by 100 lb on the
and independent results, obtained by different operators work-
gage and then return to the test load, by means of the ratchet
ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, in
wheel. Scribe the ratchet wheel, determine and record the total
thelo
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