ASTM D5112-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vibration (Horizontal Linear Sinusoidal Motion) Test of Products
Standard Test Method for Vibration (Horizontal Linear Sinusoidal Motion) Test of Products
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resonances unpackaged products and components by means of horizontal linear sinusoidal motion applied at the surface on which the product is mounted. For vertical vibration testing of products see Method D3580. Two alternate test methods are presented:
1.1.1 Test Method A - Resonance Search Using Sinusoidal Vibration, and
1.12 Test Method B - Resonance Search Using Random Vibration.
1.2 This information may be used to examine the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, or for the design of a container or interior package that will minimize transportation vibration inputs at the critical frequencies, when the product resonances are within the expected transportation environment frequency range. Since vibration damage is most likely to occur at product resonant frequencies, these may be thought of as potential product fragility points.
1.3 Information obtained from the optional sinusoids dwell and random test methods may be used to assess the fatigue characteristics of the resonating components and for product modification. This may become necessary if a product's response would require design of an impractical or excessively costly shipping container.
1.4 This test method does not necessarily simulate vibration effects the product will encounter in operating or end-use environments. Other, more suitable test procedures should be used for this purpose.
1.5 The values stated in S1 units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5112 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Vibration (Horizontal Linear Motion) Test of Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precautionary statements, see Section 6.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resonances
of unpackaged products and components by means of horizon-
2. Referenced Documents
tal linear motion applied at the surface on which the product is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mounted. For vertical vibration testing of products see Test
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
Method D 3580. Two alternate test methods are presented:
ments
1.1.1 Test Method A—Resonance Search Using Sinusoidal
D 3580 Test Method of Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion)
Vibration, and
Test of Products
1.1.2 Test Method B—Resonance Search Using Random
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Vibration.
Packaging Components for Testing
NOTE 1—These two test methods are not necessarily equivalent and
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
may not produce the same results.
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
1.2 This information may be used to examine the response
2.2 Military Standard:
of products to vibration for product design purposes, or for the
MIL STD 810E, Method 514, Vibration
design of a container or interior package that will minimize
3. Terminology
transportation vibration inputs at the critical frequencies, when
these product resonances are within the expected transportation
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
environment frequency range. Since vibration damage is most method, see Terminology D 996.
likely to occur at product resonant frequencies, these may be
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
thought of as potential product fragility points. 3.2.1 decade—the interval of two frequencies having a
1.3 Information obtained from the optional sinusoidal dwell
basic frequency ratio of 10 (1 decade = 3.322 octaves).
and random test methods may be used to assess the fatigue 3.2.2 decibel (dB)—a logarithmic expression of the relative
characteristics of the resonating components and for product
values of two quantities. For relative power measurements, the
modification. This may become necessary if a product’s dB value equals 10 times the base-10 logarithm of the ratio of
P1
response would require design of an impractical or excessively
the two quantities, that is, dB = 10 log [ ⁄P2 ].
costly shipping container.
3.2.3 horizontal linear motion—motion occurring essen-
1.4 This test method does not necessarily simulate vibration tially along a straight horizontal line, with no significant
effects the product will encounter in operating or end-use
vertical or off-axis components.
environments. Other, more suitable test procedures should be 3.2.4 mean-square—the time average of the square of the
used for this purpose.
function.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.2.5 octave—the interval of two frequencies having a basic
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
frequency ratio of 2 (1 octave = 0.301 decade).
only. 3.2.6 overall g rms—the square root of the integral of power
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
spectral density over the total frequency range.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.7 power spectral density (PSD)—a term used to quan-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tify the intensity of random vibration in terms of mean-square
2 2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- acceleration per unit of frequency. The units are g /Hz (g /
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.15 on Fragility Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Assessment. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
published as D 5112 – 90. Last previous edition D 5112 – 90. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D5112–98
cycles/s). Power spectral density is the limiting mean square for the product. The device(s) shall support the product in a
value in a given rectangular bandwidth divided by the band- manner similar to the way in which it will be supported in its
width, as the bandwidth approaches zero. shipping container. Relative motion between the test surface
3.2.8 random vibration—oscillatory motion which contains and the test mounting interface shall not be permitted.
no periodic or quasi-periodic constituent. 5.3 Instrumentation:
3.2.9 random vibration magnitude—the root-mean square 5.3.1 Sensors, signal conditioners, filters, and data acquisi-
of the power spectral density value. The instantaneous magni- tion apparatus are required to monitor or record, or both, the
tudes of random vibration are not prescribed for any given accelerations and frequencies at the test surface of the appara-
instant in time, but instead are prescribed by a probability tus and at points of interest in the product. The instrumentation
distribution function, the integral of which over a given system shall have a response accurate to within 65 % over the
magnitude range will give the probable percentage of time that test range.
the magnitude will fall within that range.
NOTE 2—Strain gage type accelerometers may be required to monitor
3.2.10 resonance—for a system undergoing forced vibra-
the product, control the test system, or both.
tion, the frequency at which any change of the exciting
5.3.1.1 For Test Method A, the frequencies and acceleration
frequency in the vicinity of the exciting frequency, causes a
amplitudes or transmissibilities may be taken either manually
decrease in the response of the system.
or by means of a recording instrument. A stroboscope or video
3.2.11 root-mean square (rms)—the square root of the
system may be beneficial for visual examination of the
mean-square value. In the exclusive case of sine wave, the rms
specimen under test.
value is 0.707 times the peak.
5.3.1.2 For Test Method B, the data acquisition apparatus
3.2.12 sinusoidal vibration—periodic motion whose accel-
shall be capable of recording or indicating the transmissibilities
eration versus time waveform has the general shape of a sine
between points of interest in the product to the test surface,
curve, that is, y = sine x.
over the frequency bandwidth specified in 10.5.
3.2.13 sinusoidal vibration amplitude—the maximum value
of a sinusoidal quantity. By convention, acceleration is typi-
6. Safety Precautions
cally specified in terms of zero-to-peak amplitude, while
6.1 Precaution: This test method may produce severe me-
displacement is specified in terms of peak-to-peak amplitude.
chanical response in the product being tested. Therefore, the
3.2.14 transmissibility—the ratio of measured acceleration
means used to fasten the product to the test surface must be of
amplitude at a point of interest in the product to the measured
sufficient strength to keep it adequately secured. Operating
input acceleration amplitude of the test surface of the appara-
personnel must remain alert to potential hazards and take
tus.
necessary precautions for their safety. Stop the test immedi-
4. Significance and Use ately if a dangerous condition should develop.
4.1 Products are exposed to complex dynamic stresses in the
7. Sampling
transportation environment. The determination of the resonant
7.1 Test specimens and the number of samples shall be
frequencies of the product, either horizontal, vertical or both,
chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
aids the package designer in determining the proper packaging
performance. Whenever sufficient products are available, five
system to provide adequate protection of the product, as well as
or more replicate samples should be tested to improve the
providing an understanding of the complex interactions be-
statistical reliability of the data obtained (see Practice E 122).
tween the components of the product as they relate to expected
transportation vibration inputs.
8. Test Specimen
5. Apparatus
8.1 The product as intended for packaging shall constitute
the test specimen. Sensor(s) may be applied as appropriate to
5.1 Vibration Test Machine, consisting of a flat horizontal
measure data at points of interest with the minimum possible
test surface of sufficient strength and rigidity such that the
alteration of the test specimen. In particular, sensors shall be
applied vibrations are essentially uniform over the entire test
lightweight and have flexible cables to prevent changing either
surface when loaded with the test specimen. The test surface
the effective weight or stiffness of the components to which
shall be driven to move only in horizontal linear motion
they are mounted, thereby changing the resonant frequencies of
throughout the desired range of amplitudes and frequencies.
the components. Parts and surfaces of the specimen may be
5.1.1 Sinusoidal Control—The frequency and amplitude of
marked for identification and reference.
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