ASTM C945-05(2012)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Design Considerations and Spray Application of a Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Insulation System on Outdoor Service Vessels
Standard Practice for Design Considerations and Spray Application of a Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Insulation System on Outdoor Service Vessels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice facilitates the selection and application of an insulation system for use at service temperatures between − 30 and + 107°C (−22 and + 225°F). Although the successful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influenced by many factors, this practice treats those four areas found to be of major importance:
(1) Substrate preparation,
(2) Substrate priming,
(3) Insulation application, and
(4) Protective coatings.
Abrasive blasting, primer application, spray application of the insulation, and protective coating application each contribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job site and will be dealt with in more detail under their respective headings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice concerns itself with the substrate preparation and priming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyurethane system, and the protective insulation coatings for outdoor service equipment.
Note 1—For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined to mean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred to as “PUR/PIR.”
1.2 The values given in inch-pound are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C945 − 05 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Design Considerations and Spray Application of a Rigid
Cellular Polyurethane Insulation System on Outdoor Service
Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 Clemtex Limited Standard:
“Anchor Pattern Standard”
1.1 This practice concerns itself with the substrate prepara-
2.4 National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard:
tion and priming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyure-
TM-01-70Visual Surface Preparation Panels
thanesystem,andtheprotectiveinsulationcoatingsforoutdoor
2.5 Other Documents:
service equipment.
Safety Precautions in Handling and Spraying of PUR/PIR
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined to
6,7
Systems
mean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred to
as “PUR/PIR.”
3. Terminology
1.2 Thevaluesgivenininch-poundaretoberegardedasthe
3.1 Definitions—DefinitionsincludedinTerminologyC168,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
DefinitionsD883,andAbbreviationsD1600applytotheterms
only.
used in this standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
3.2.1 blasting—the process of cleaning surfaces by use of
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
abrasiveparticlespropelledathighvelocityuponthesurfaceto
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
be cleaned.
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
3.2.2 coatings/coverings—ultraviolet ray-absorbing and
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
water-shedding protective materials applied over the urethane
foam.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 density:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3.1 in-place density— the weight per unit volume of the
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
cross section of foam from substrate to exposed surface,
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
including all skins (or surfaces).
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
3.2.3.2 core density—theweightperunitvolumeofasingle
tics
layer of foam excluding top and bottom skins or (if present)
D2200Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface Preparation
interlayer skins.
Standards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces
3.2.4 foam system—appropriate formulations of two liquid
2.2 American National Standards:
components, polyisocyanate, or A side, and polyol, or B side,
Z87.1Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and
for intended applications.
Face Protection
3.2.5 ignition barrier—cement plaster or equivalent
coating/covering providing a resistance to ignition of the foam
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
insulation acceptable to the concerned building or fire
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on Insulation
department(s), or both. (Designated UL test is optional.)
Systems.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C945–05. DOI:
10.1520/C0945-05R12. Available from Clemtex Ltd., P.O. Box 15214, Houston, TX 77020.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from NACE International (NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM TX 77084-4906, http://www.nace.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA), 4400 Fair Lakes Ct, Suite 105,
the ASTM website. Fairfax, VA, http://sprayfoam.org
3 7
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry (API), 1300 Wilson Blvd Suite 800,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Arlington, VA 22209, http://polyurethanes.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C945 − 05 (2012)
4. Significance and Use 5.1.5 Stainless Steel Surfaces—Degrease with appropriate
solvents. Coat the clean, dry surface with a recommended
4.1 This practice facilitates the selection and application of
primer or coating. (Chloride-free materials are recommended
an insulation system for use at service temperatures be-
on surfaces operating above 140°F (60°C).)
tween−30 and+107°C (−22 and+225°F). Although the
successful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influenced
6. Recommended Blasting Procedures
by many factors, this practice treats those four areas found to
be of major importance:
6.1 All surfaces to be primed or coated shall be prepared to
(1)Substrate preparation,
the degree of cleanliness and surface profile as recommended
(2)Substrate priming,
by the primer supplier. Pictorial D2200 shall be used as the
(3)Insulation application, and
standard. Blast-cleaned surface acceptance will be by one or
(4)Protective coatings.
more of the following visual comparison methods:“ Anchor
Pattern Standards” NACE Visual Surface Preparation Panels
4.2 Abrasive blasting, primer application, spray application
(Standard TM-01-70), and Pictorial D2200.
of the insulation, and protective coating application each
contribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job site
6.2 All welding, burning, etc., shall be completed prior to
and will be dealt with in more detail under their respective
the blasting operation.
headings.
6.3 Remove any grease or oil with a petroleum solvent or
water-detergent solution. All flux, spatter, slag, or other lami-
5. Substrate Preparation
nations left from welding must be chipped or ground off.
5.1 Proper substrate preparation is mandatory to obtain a
Rough welds and other sharp projections should be ground
successful foam application. These preparation methods must
smooth by the fabricator prior to the blasting operation.
remove any contaminants that will interfere with development
6.4 Sandblast sand shall be sharp, graded flint or silica sand
ofthemaximumadhesionoftheurethanefoam.Themethod(s)
(16to30mesh).Whereinorganiczinccoatingsareapplied,the
chosen are dependent upon the contaminants present on the
surface preparation shall be abrasive blasted using 16 to
surface and the end-use design service temperature.
30-mesh sand, G40 to 50 grit, or an equivalent abrasive that
5.1.1 Previously Coated Iron and Steel Surfaces—The ad-
willprovideasimilarsurfaceprofile.Allabrasivesshallbefree
hesion of spray-applied urethane to previously coated surfaces
ofalldust,dirt,andotherforeignmatter.Theyshallbekeptdry
is directly influenced by the age, type, and condition of the
and free of oil at all times.
surface. For this reason any coating that exhibits chalking,
peeling, or other evidence of failure or damage must be
MANDATORY HEALTH AND SAFETY
removedandanappropriateprimerapplied. Abrasive blasting
PRECAUTIONS FOR BLASTING OPERATIONS
is recommended. If blasting is to be accomplished, all items
6.4.1 Effective oil and water traps shall be used to ensure
listed under Section 6 should be followed. In all cases, the
clean, dry air supply to the abrasive pot. Water shall be
coated substrate must be cleaned and free of rust, grease, oil,
continuously bled from the moisture trap.
dirt,dust,moisture,etc.,immediatelypriortofoamsprayingby
6.4.2 A“dead-man”valveshallbeusedonallblastnozzles.
oneormoreofthefollowingmethods:(a)washwithwaterand
6.4.3 All blast hoses shall have an antistatic lining.
allow to dry, (b) brush, (c) broom, or (d) air blast.
6.4.4 All blast nozzles shall be properly grounded.
5.1.2 New Iron or Steel Surfaces—Field blasting and prim-
6.4.5 Nozzle blast operators exposed to blasting dust shall
ing is recommended. All blasting is to be accomplished in
wear a U.S. Bureau of Mines-approved helmet connected to a
accordance with items listed in Section 6. Shop preparation is
clean, breathable compressed air source.
also acceptable with proper field surface preparation of the
6.4.6 All others exposed to blasting dust shall wear a U.S.
weld joints and all damaged areas. In all cases, the substrate to
Bureau of Mines-approved filter-type respirator. Adequate
be sprayed with foam shall be free of rust, grease, oil, loose
personnel protection from flying particles shall be provided in
particles, and mill scale, moisture, dirt, etc. After priming is
any blasting operation.
complete, all areas that are specified to be insulated shall be
6.4.7 If at any time the blasting equipment and material
washed with water and allowed to dry, brushed, broomed, or
specifications are not being met, the owner may suspend the
air-blasted prior to applying the insulation.
operation.
NOTE 2—Caution: Be sure the primer is useable at the design tempera-
6.4.8 Blastedsurfacesshallnotbeallowedtobecomewetor
ture and acceptable under the foam insulation.
dulled by oxidation to a point where visible rusting has
5.1.3 Galvanized Metal Surfaces—Cleanwithanacceptable
occurred.
solvent, wash with water to remove deposits, spray with an
6.4.9 All surfaces shall be primed during the same day that
acceptable wash primer, and then coat all areas with an
they are blasted.
acceptable primer or coating.
6.4.10 Surfacecleanlinessandprofiledepthshallbesuitable
NOTE3—Thisprocedureisnotalwaysrequireddependingontheageof
for the metal primer to be used. These conditions shall be
the metal, exposure, and use.
monitored in accordance with the visual comparison methods
5.1.4 Aluminum Surfaces—Degrease with appropriate sol- specified herein.
vents. Coat the clean, dry surface with a recommended primer 6.4.11 Surfaces inspected and found to not meet the criteria
or coating. outlined in 6.1 – 6.4 must be blasted again.
C945 − 05 (2012)
7. Selection of Metal Primer combination with each other or with conventional insulation
products offer a broad range of economical installations.
7.1 The following items shall be considered when choosing
a metal primer: 8.2 Published properties are usually determined on
7.1.1 Surface preparation required, laboratory-produced samples. The thickness of foam sprayed,
number of passes, temperature of the substrate, ambient
7.1.2 Foam adhesion, substrate adhesion, and heat resis-
tance at the maximum and minimum vessel operating temperatures, etc., have a pronounced effect on all properties.
temperatures, and
8.3 Resistance to chemical attack from in-service exposure
7.1.3 Corrosion resistance to spilled vessel contents.
shall be considered in the selection of the proper foam system.
7.2 Listed below are general application recommendations, The degree of possible damage to the foam system is deter-
mined by the amount of the chemical, its type, temperature,
which may vary depending on the type of primer selected:
and duration of contact.
7.2.1 The manufacturer’s recommendations for thinning,
mixing, handling, and applying his products shall be consid-
8.4 Listed below are several items that shall be considered
ered a part of this practice.
in the selection of the foam system:
7.2.2 All bolts, welds, faying surfaces, sharp edges, and
8.4.1 Insulation temperature limitation versus vessel oper-
difficult access areas shall receive a primer spot-coat prior to
ating design temperature,
primer spray application.
8.4.2 Dimensional stability under simulated service
7.2.3 The primer shall be applied in a fashion to obtain
conditions,
complete coverage.
8.4.3 Combustibility characteristics,
7.2.4 Primer shall not be applied during rain, snow, fog,
8.4.4 Application conditions (substrate and ambient
mist, high relative humidity, or low metal temperatures. The
temperatures, etc.),
relative humidity and dew point shall be determined at the job
8.4.5 History of similar application or laboratory data relat-
site using a surface thermometer and wet/dry bulb sling
ing to the application in question,
psychrometer.
8.4.6 Compressive strength,
7.2.4.1 Primingofthemetalshallnotbepermittedwhenthe
8.4.7 Adhesion to substrate, and
temperature of the metal is at or below the dew point or above
8.4.8 Thermal resistance.
the dew point and falling with the temperature expected to
reachthedewpointbeforetheapplicationiscomplete.Priming
8.5 Handling of Foam System Materials:
shallbepermittedwhenthetemperatureisabovethedewpoint
8.5.1 Materials shall be stored in accordance with the
and rising or expected to remain above the dew point while
manufacturer’s recommendations.
application is taking place.
8.5.2 Allmaterialsassociatedwiththefoamsystemshallbe
7.2.5 Primershallbeappliedtoaclean,drysubstratefreeof
delivered to the job site in unopened standard commercial
dirt, sand, and loose foreign matter.
containers bearing the manufacturer’s original label with the
7.2.6 The substrate shall be prepared in accordance with
following information:
Section 5 prior to metal primer application.Any metal oxidiz-
8.5.2.1 Name of manufacturer,
ing or developing rust prior to primer application shall be
8.5.2.2 Name of contents,
returned to the specified degree of surface preparation.
8.5.2.3 Net weight of contents,
7.2.7 After the primer has been applied and allowed to dry,
8.5.2.4 Lot or batch number,
inspecttheprimerforholidaysandadequatedryfilmthickness.
8.5.2.5 Recommended storage temperature range,
Where inadequate dry film thickness or holidays exist, addi-
8.5.2.6 A “caution” label giving safety instructions for
tionalmaterialshallbeappliedorthesurfacereconditionedand
handling and storage temperature range,
the primer reapplied. Same as 7.2.6.
8.5.2.7 Mixing instructions, and
7.2.8 Primer spray application equipment shall be that
8.5.2.8 Listing agency label, if applicable, plus Certificate
recommended by the coating manufacturer. Compressed air
of Conformance. The contractor shall keep a record of this
sources shall have moisture traps. Before spray application
information throughout the guarantee period.
begins, all hoses and guns shall be solvent-flushed and in-
spected to ensure that no moisture is present. 8.5.3 Containers shall not be opened until ready for imme-
diate use. Undue agitation of containers shall be avoided.
7.2.9 All flames, sparks, welding, and smoking shall be
prohibited in the application area. 8.5.4 In the case of bulk shipments, the spray foam contrac-
tor may transfer each of the urethane components into appro-
7.2.10 All affected items, in the surrounding area, shall be
pro
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