Standard Test Method for Pentane Insolubles by Membrane Filtration

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentane insolubles for particles exceeding 0.8 μm in new and used lubricating oils.
Note 1—Pentane insolubles with particle sizes less than 0.8 μm may be studied with appropriate size membrane filters. Particle sizes above or below 0.8 μm can be studied. The precision of this test method has been determined only at 0.8 μm.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 7.1, 8.2.1, and Annex A1.

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ASTM D4055-01 - Standard Test Method for Pentane Insolubles by Membrane Filtration
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4055 – 01
Standard Test Method for
1
Pentane Insolubles by Membrane Filtration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4055; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope pentane in a volumetric flask. The oil solution is filtered
through an 0.8-μm membrane filter. The flask, funnel, and filter
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentane
are washed with additional pentane to effect a complete
insolubles for particles exceeding 0.8 μm in new and used
transfer of particulates onto the filter. The filter and its
lubricating oils.
particulates are dried and weighed to give the pentane in-
NOTE 1—Pentane insolubles with particle sizes less than 0.8-μm may be
solubles.
studied with appropriate size membrane filters. Particle sizes above or
below 0.8 μm can be studied. The precision of this test method has been
5. Significance and Use
determined only at 0.8 μm.
5.1 Pentane insolubles above 0.8 μm in size may lead to
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
increased wear. This increased wear can lead to premature
standard.
equipment failure in critical applications.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 6. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.1 In the development of this test method, it was noted that
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
variations, particularly with respect to glassware and filter
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards
media, can affect the test result significantly.
statements, see 7.1, 8.2.1, and Annex A1.
6.2 When the user of this test method uses an alternate
membrane filter, it is incumbent upon them to establish that the
2. Referenced Documents
alternate filter will give equal results.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.3 Precision data were established using the apparatus
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
listed and a 0.8 μm filter pore size.
2
Petroleum Products 3
6.4 Membrane Filter.
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum 4
6.5 Borosilicate Filter Holder.
2
Products, and Lubricants 5
6.6 Borosilicate Filtering Flask.
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and 6
6.7 Forceps (plain flat tips–not serrated),
2
Petroleum Products 7
6.8 Wash Bottle equipped with 0.8-μm membranes.
6.9 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing with an accu-
3. Terminology
racy of 60.1 mg.
3.1 Definitions:
6.10 Vacuum Source, capable of maintaining a vacuum of
3.1.1 pentane insolubles, in used oil analysis, n—separated
255 6 50 mm Hg.
matter resulting when a used oil is dissolved in pentane.
6.11 Oven, capable of maintaining 90 6 5°C.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this method, the separation is ef-
6.12 Oven Thermometer—ASTM Thermometer 1C.
fected by filtration through a membrane.
6.13 Aluminum Foil Weighing Dish, about 60 mm in diam-
3.1.2 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of
eter.
equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or
6.14 Desiccator, with calcium chloride.
turbine) whether operated or not. D 4175
4. Summary of Test Method
3
Millipore AAWP04700, available from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,
4.1 A sample of new or used lubricating oil is mixed with
has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.
4
Millipore XX1004700, available from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,
has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.
1 5
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Millipore XX1004705, available from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.
6
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants. Millipore XX6200006, available from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.
7
published as D 4055 – 92. Last previous edition D 4055 – 97. Millipore XX6602500, available from Millipore Corp, Bedford MA, 01273,
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. has been found to be satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinu
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