ASTM D3612-02e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Oil and oil-immersed electrical insulation materials may decompose under the influence of thermal and electrical stresses, and in doing so, generate gaseous decomposition products of varying composition which dissolve in the oil. The nature and amount of the individual component gases that may be recovered and analyzed may be indicative of the type and degree of the abnormality responsible for the gas generation. The rate of gas generation and changes in concentration of specific gases over time are also used to evaluate the condition of the electric apparatus.
Note 1—Guidelines for the interpretation of gas-in-oil data are given in IEEE C57.104.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for extraction and measurement of gases dissolved in electrical insulating oil having a viscosity of 20 cSt (100 SUS) or less at 40°C (104°F), and the identification and determination of the individual component gases extracted. Other methods have been used to perform this analysis.
1.2 The individual component gases that may be identified and determined include:
Hydrogen—H2 Oxygen—O2 Nitrogen—N2 Carbon monoxide—CO Carbon dioxide—CO2 Methane—CH4 Ethane—C2H6 Ethylene—C2H4 Acetylene—C2H2 Propane—C3H8 Propylene—C3H6
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see 6.1.8, 30.2.2 and 30.3.1.
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´1
Designation:D 3612–02
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by
1
Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3612; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The mercury warning was added editorially in April 2009.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
warning statements see 6.1.8, 30.2.2 and 30.3.1.
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for extraction
and measurement of gases dissolved in electrical insulating oil
2. Referenced Documents
havingaviscosityof20cSt(100SUS)orlessat40°C(104°F),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and the identification and determination of the individual
D2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition
component gases extracted. Other methods have been used to
of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
perform this analysis.
D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating
1.2 The individual component gases that may be identified
Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified
and determined include:
Pirelli Method)
Hydrogen—H
2
D2779 Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases
Oxygen—O
2
Nitrogen—N
2 in Petroleum Liquids
Carbon monoxide—CO
D2780 Test Method for Solubility of Fixed Gases in
Carbon dioxide—CO
2
Liquids
Methane—CH
4
Ethane—C H
2 6 D3613 Practice for Sampling Insulating Liquids for Gas
Ethylene—C H
2
2 4
Analysis and Determination of Water Content
Acetylene—C H
2 2
D 4051 Practice for Preparation of Low-Pressure Gas
Propane—C H
3 8
Propylene—C H
3 6
Blends
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
2.2 IEEE Standard:
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
C57.104 GuidefortheInterpretationofGasesGeneratedin
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
3
Oil-Immersed Transformers
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
2.3 IEC Standard:
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
Publication No. 567 Guide for the Sampling of Gases and
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
of Oil from Oil-Filled Electrical Equipment and for the
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
4
Analysis of Free and Dissolved Gases
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
3. Terminology
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
state law.
3.1.1 gas content of oil by volume—in Method A, the total
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
volume of gases, corrected to 760 torr (101.325 kPa) and 0°C,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contained in a given volume of oil, expressed as a percentage.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
In Methods B and C, the sum of the individual gas concentra-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tionscorrectedto760torr(101.325kPa)and0°C,expressedin
percent or parts per million.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
2
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
mittee D27.03 on Analytical Tests. on www.astm.org.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally Available from IEEE, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017.
4
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3612–01. Available from IEC.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 3612–02
NOTE 1—Guidelinesfortheinterpretationofgas-in-oildataaregivenin
3.1.2 headspace—a volume of gas phase in contact with a
IEEE C57.104.
volume of oil in a closed vessel.The vessel is a headspace vial
of 20-mL nominal capacity.
6. Apparatus
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Other vessel volumes may also be
5
6.1 Apparatus of the type shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 is
used, but the analytical performance may be somewhat differ-
suitable for use with up to 50-mL samples of oil and consists
ent than that specified in Method C.
of the following components:
3.1.3 parts per million (ppm) by volume of (specific gas) in
oil—thevolumeofthatgascorrectedto760torr(101.325kPa)
NOTE 2—Thissamplesizehasbeenfoundtobesufficientformostoils.
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and 0°C, contained in 10 volume of oil. However, oil that has had only li
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D 3612–01 Designation:D 3612–02
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by
1
Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3612; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The mercury warning was added editorially in April 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for extraction and measurement of gases dissolved in electrical insulating oil
having a viscosity of 20 cSt (100 SUS) or less at 40°C (104°F), and the identification and determination of the individual
component gases extracted. Other methods have been used to perform this analysis.
1.2 The individual component gases that may be identified and determined include:
Hydrogen—H
2
Oxygen—O
2
Nitrogen—N
2
Carbon monoxide—CO
Carbon dioxide—CO
2
Methane—CH
4
Ethane—C H
2 6
Ethylene—C H
2 4
Acetylene—C H
2 2
Propane—C H
3 8
Propylene—C H
3 6
1.3
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionarywarning statements see 6.1.8, 30.2.2 and 30.3.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2140 Test Method Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating OilsLiquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli
2
Method Method)
D2779 Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum Liquids
D2780 Test Method for Solubility of Fixed Gases in Liquids
2
D3613 Test Methods of Sampling Electrical Insulating Oils for Gas Analysis and Determination of Water Content
Practice for Sampling Insulating Liquids for Gas Analysis and Determination of Water Content
D4051 Practice for Preparation of Low-Pressure Gas Blends
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
2.2 IEEE Standard:
2
C57.104 Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers
2.3 IEC Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.03
on Analytical Tests.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2001. Published April 2001. Originally published as D3612–77. Last previous edition D3612–96.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3612–01.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D 3612–02
Publication No. 567 Guide for the Sampling of Gases and of Oil from Oil-Filled Electrical Equipment and for theAnalysis of
3
Free and Dissolved Gases
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 gas content of oil by volume— in Method A, the total volume of gases, corrected to 760 torr (101.325 kPa) and 0°C,
containedinagivenvolumeofoil,expressedasapercentage.InMethodsBandC,C,thesumoftheindividualgasconcentrations
corrected to 760 torr (101.325 kPa) and 0°C, expressed in percent or parts per million.
3.1.2 headspace—a volume of gas phase in contact with a volume of oil in a closed vessel. The vessel is a headspace vial of
20-mL nominal capacity.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Other vessel volumes may also be used, but the analytical performance may be somewhat different than
that specified in Method C.
3.1.3 parts per million (ppm) by volu
...
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