ASTM D7094-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester
Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and for classification purposes. This definition may vary from regulation to regulation. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.
5.3 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
5.4 Flash point can also indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, such as the contamination of lubricating oils by small amounts of diesel fuel or gasoline. This test method was designed to be more sensitive to potential contamination than Test Method D6450.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuels including diesel/biodiesel blends, lube oils, solvents, and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a heating rate of 2.5 °C per minute.
1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5 °C per minute must be run according to Test Method D6450.
1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.
Note 1: Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test method and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is specified.
1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber.
1.4 The precision of this test method is applicable for testing samples with a flash point from 22.5 °C to 235.5 °C. Determinations below and above this range may be performed; however, the precision has not been established.
1.5 If the user’s specification requires a defined flash point method other than this method, neither this method nor any other test method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, pressure in kilo-Pascals.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 8.5.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by th...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7094 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup
1
(MCCCFP) Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash
standard. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, pressure in
point of fuels including diesel/biodiesel blends, lube oils,
kilo-Pascals.
solvents, and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heating rate of 2.5 °C per minute.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5 °C per minute must be run
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
according to Test Method D6450.
For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 8.5.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the many flash point test methods available and every flash
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE 1—Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design,
the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried
out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test 2. Referenced Documents
method and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
specified.
Closed Cup Tester
1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
air injected into the test chamber.
Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
1.4 The precision of this test method is applicable for testing
Fuels, and Lubricants
samples with a flash point from 22.5 °C to 235.5 °C. Determi-
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
nations below and above this range may be performed;
Petroleum Products
however, the precision has not been established.
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.5 If the user’s specification requires a defined flash point
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
method other than this method, neither this method nor any
Measurement System Performance
other test method should be substituted for the prescribed test
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
from the specifier. Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6450 Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed
Cup (CCCFP) Tester
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7094 – 17a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7094-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7094 − 23
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement ously c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7094 − 17a D7094 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup
1
(MCCCFP) Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuels including diesel/biodiesel blends, lube oils, solvents, and
other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a heating rate of 2.5 °C
per minute.
1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5 °C per minute must be run
according to Test Method D6450.
1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many
flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.
NOTE 1—Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition
of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test method and no
general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is specified.
1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber.
1.4 This The precision of this test method is suitableapplicable for testing samples with a flash point from 35 °C to 225 °C.22.5 °C
to 235.5 °C. Determinations below and above this range may be performed; however, the precision has not been established.
NOTE 2—Flash point determinations below 35 °C and above 225 °C may be performed; however, the precision has not been determined below and above
these temperatures.
1.5 If the user’s specification requires a defined flash point method other than this method, neither this method nor any other test
method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the
specifier.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, pressure in kilo-Pascals.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 8.5, and and 10.1.28.5.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2023. Published February 2018January 2024. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
D7094 – 17.D7094 – 17a. DOI: 10.1520/D7094-17A.10.1520/D7094-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7094 − 23
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
...
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