ASTM C1491-03(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers
Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers
ABSTRACT
This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes. Requirements for ballast weight per unit area shall be specified separately. The average resistance to flexural load for three paver units and resistance to flexural load of each individual unit shall exceed the prescribed requirements. In areas where repeated freezing and thawing under saturated conditions occur, freeze-thaw durability shall be demonstrated by test or by proven field performance that the concrete roof paver units have adequate durability for the intended use. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method of manufacture or minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are not grounds for rejection. Compressive strength, flexural load, absorption, density, ballast weight, and dimensional tolerance shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes.
Note 1—The design of roof ballast systems for resisting wind uplift is beyond the scope of this specification. Building codes and other standards should be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1491 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Concrete Roof Pavers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete
and Mortars
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable
C1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re-
mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other
lated Units
materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
membranes.
C1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-
NOTE 1—The design of roof ballast systems for resisting wind uplift is
bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and
beyond the scope of this specification. Building codes and other standards
Related Concrete Units
should be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.
3. Terminology
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1209 and Termi-
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
nology C1232 shall apply to this specification.
as requirements of the standard.
4. Material
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 Cementitious Materials—Materials shall conform to the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
following applicable specifications:
and are not considered standard.
4.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C150.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Portland cement con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
forming to Specification C150, modified as follows:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.2.1 Limestone—Limestone, with a minimum 85 % cal-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cium carbonate (CaCO ) content, shall be permitted to be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
added to the cement, provided the requirements of Specifica-
tion C150 are modified as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue—1.5 %.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(2) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar—Volume percent,
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
22 % max.
C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete
(3) Limitation on Loss on Ignition—7 %.
Masonry Units and Related Units
4.1.3 Blended Cements—Cement conforming to either
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
Specification C595 or Specification C1157.
C331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-
4.1.4 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
crete Masonry Units
4.1.5 Blast Furnace Slag—Specification C989.
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
necessarily apply:
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33.
4.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C331.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
4.3 Other Constituents—Air-entraining agents, coloring
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
pigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, and
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
otherconstituentsshallbepreviouslyestablishedassuitablefor
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
use in concrete roof pavers and shall conform to applicable
in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1491 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/
C1491-03R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1491 – 03 (2009)
ASTM standards or shall be shown by test or experience 7. Finish andAppearance
satisfactory to the purchaser to be not detrimental to the
7.1 All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other
durability of the units or any material customarily used in
defects that would interfere with the proper placement of the
concrete roof pavers.
unit or would significantly impair the strength or permanence
of the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual
5. Physical Requirements
method of manufacture or minor chipping resulting from
5.1 At the time of delivery to the work site, the units shall
customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are
conform to the physical requirements ofTable 1 and shall have
not grounds for rejection.
a minimum net area average compression strength (average of
7.2 Five percent of the units in a shipment are permitted to
3 units) of 3000 psi (20.68 MPa) with no individual unit
contain chips not larger than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in any dimension,
compressive strength less than 2600 psi (17.93 MPa) when
or cracks not wider than 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and not longer than
tested in accordance with 8.2.
25 % of the nominal height of the unit.
5.2 Resistance to Flexural Load—The average resistance to
flexural load for three paver units shall exceed 350 lb (1557 N) 8. Sampling and Testing
and resistance to flexural load of each individual unit shall
8.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1491–01a Designation: C 1491 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Concrete Roof Pavers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from portlandhydraulic cement, water, and suitable
mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes.
NOTE 1—Thedesignofroofballastsystemsforresistingwindupliftisbeyondthescopeofthisspecification.Buildingcodesandotherstandardsshould
be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C 1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C 1232 Terminology of Masonry
C 1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Manufactured Concrete Masonry Dry-Cast Segmental
Retaining Wall Units and Related Concrete Units
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C 1209 and Terminology C 1232 shall apply to this specification.
4. Material
4.1 Cementitious Materials—Materials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:
4.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C 150.
4.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Portland cement conforming to Specification C 150, modified as follows:
4.1.2.1 Limestone—Limestone, with a minimum 85 % calcium carbonate (CaCO ) content, shall be permitted to be added to
the cement, provided the requirements of Specification C 150 are modified as follows:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on
Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originally published as C1491–01. Last previous edition C1491–01.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1491 – 03.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1491 – 03 (2009)
(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue—1.5 %.
(2) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar—Volume percent, 22 % max.
(3) Limitation on Loss on Ignition—7 %.
4.1.3 Blended Cements—Cement conforming to either Specification C 595 or Specification C 1157.
4.1.4 Pozzolans—Specification C 618.
4.1.5 Blast Furnace Slag—Specification C 989.
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
necessarily apply:
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C 33.
4.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C 331.
4.3 Other Constituents—Air-entraining agents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, and other
constituents shall be previously established as suitable for use in concrete roof pavers and shall conform to applicable ASTM
standards or shall be shown by test or experience satisfactory to the purchaser to be not detrimental to the durability of the units
or any material customarily used in concrete roof pavers.
5. Physical Requirements
5.1 At the time of delivery to the work site, the units shall conform to the physical requirements of Table 1 and shall have a
minimum net area average compression strength (average of 3 units) of 3000 psi (20.68 MPa) with no individual unit compressive
strength less than 2600 psi (17.93 MPa) when tested in accordance with 8.2.
5.2 Resistance to Flexural Load—The average resistance to flexural load for three paver units shall exceed 350 lb (1557 N) and
resistance to flexural load of each individual unit shall exceed 280 lb (1246 N) when tested in accordance with 8.2.
5.3 Ballast Weight—Requirements for ballast weight per unit area shall be specified separately.
5.4 Freeze-Thaw Durability—In areas where repeated freezing and thawing under saturated conditions occur, freeze-thaw
durability shall be demonstrated by test or by proven field performance that the concrete roof paver units have adequate durability
for the intended use. When testing is required by the specifier to demonstrate freeze-thaw durability, the units shall be tested in
accordance with 8.3.
5.4.1 Specimens shall comply with either of the following: (1) the weight loss of each of five test specimens at the conclusion
of100cyclesshallnotexceed1 %ofitsinitialweight;or (2)thewe
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