ASTM D156-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic since color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range can indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.
Note 1: For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test method and recorded as, “Saybolt Color units.”
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D156 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Waxes, Including Petrolatum
D1500Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthecolorof
(ASTM Color Scale)
refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition,
Petroleum Products
petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.
E308PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
NOTE 1—For determining the color of petroleum products darker than
the CIE System
Saybolt Color−16, see Test Method D1500.
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test 3. Terminology
method and recorded as, “Saybolt Color units.”
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and 3.1.1 clear-and-bright, n—condition in which the sample is
free of haze or cloudiness. (Also termed clean-and-bright .)
whicharenotinparenthesesaretoberegardedasthestandard.
The values given in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.2 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the
sample and appearing in the sample as a haze or cloudiness, as
NOTE 2—Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have
traditionallybeenmarkedininches,(thetubeisrequiredtobeetchedwith droplets, or as a separated phase or layer.
1 1
⁄8in.divisions.)TheSayboltColorNumbersarealignedwithinch, ⁄2in.,
3.1.3 particulates, n—small solid or semisolid particles,
1 1
⁄4in.,and ⁄8in.changesinthedepthofoil.Thesefractionalinchchanges
sometimesreferredtoassiltorsediment,thatcanbesuspended
do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the prepon-
in the sample or can settle to the bottom.
derance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound
unitisregardedasthestandard.HoweverthetestmethoddoesuseSIunits
3.1.4 turbidity, n—reduction of transparency of a sample
oflengthwhenthelengthisnotdirectlyrelatedtodivisionsontheoiltube
duetothepresenceofparticulatematterorwaterhaze,orboth.
and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for tempera-
ture.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 Saybolt color, n—an empirical definition of the color
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the of a clear petroleum liquid based on a scale of−16 (darkest)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to+30 (lightest).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.1.1 Discussion—The number is derived by finding the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
height of a column of the sample that, when viewed through
the length of the column, visually matches the appropriate one
2. Referenced Documents
ofthreeglassstandardsandreferringtoTable1ofTestMethod
2
D156.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D938Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Theheightofacolumnofsampleisdecreasedbylevels
1
correspondingtocolornumbersuntilthecolorofthesampleis
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
unmistakably lighter than that of the standard. The color
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
number above this level is reported, regardless of whether the
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
samplewasdarker,questionable,oramatchatthehigherlevel.
approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D156–12. DOI:
10.1520/D0156-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Determinationofthecolorofpetroleumproductsisused
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D156 − 12 D156 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet
propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.
NOTE 1—For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test method and recorded as, “Saybolt Color units.”
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The
values given in parentheses are for information only.
1
NOTE 2—Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with ⁄8 in.
1 1 1
divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, ⁄2 in., ⁄4 in., and ⁄8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not
readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded
as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color
Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum Waxes, Including Petrolatum
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 clear-and-bright, n—condition in which the sample is free of haze or cloudiness. (Also termed clean-and-bright .)
3.1.2 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the sample and appearing in the sample as a haze or cloudiness, as
droplets, or as a separated phase or layer.
3.1.3 particulates, n—small solid or semisolid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment, that can be suspended in the
sample or can settle to the bottom.
3.1.4 turbidity, n—reduction of transparency of a sample due to the presence of particulate matter or water haze, or both.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012April 1, 2015. Published November 2012April 2015. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D156D156 – 12.–07a. DOI: 10.1520/D0156-12.10.1520/D0156-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D156 − 15
TABLE 1 Saybolt Colors Corresponding to Depths of Oil
Number of Color Number of Color Depth of Oil,
Depth of Oil, in. (mm) Color Number Color Number
Standards Standards in. (mm)
One-half 20.00 (508) +30 Two 6.00 (152) +6
One-half 18.00 (457) +29 Two 5.75 (146) +5
One-half 16.00 (406) +28 Two 5.50 (139) +4
One-half 14.00 (355) +27 Two 5.25 (133) +3
One-half 12.00 (304) +26 Two 5.00 (127) +2
One 20.00 (508) +25 Two 4.75 (120) +1
One 18
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D156 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Waxes, Including Petrolatum
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of
(ASTM Color Scale)
refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition,
Petroleum Products
petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
NOTE 1—For determining the color of petroleum products darker than
the CIE System
Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test
method and recorded as, “Saybolt Color units.”
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 clear-and-bright, n—condition in which the sample is
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and
which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. free of haze or cloudiness. (Also termed clean-and-bright .)
The values given in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.2 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the
sample and appearing in the sample as a haze or cloudiness, as
NOTE 2—Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have
droplets, or as a separated phase or layer.
traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with
1 1
⁄8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, ⁄2 in.,
3.1.3 particulates, n—small solid or semisolid particles,
1 1
⁄4 in., and ⁄8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes
sometimes referred to as silt or sediment, that can be suspended
do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the prepon-
in the sample or can settle to the bottom.
derance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound
unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units
3.1.4 turbidity, n—reduction of transparency of a sample
of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube
due to the presence of particulate matter or water haze, or both.
and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for tempera-
ture.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.1 Saybolt color, n—an empirical definition of the color
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a clear petroleum liquid based on a scale of −16 (darkest)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- to +30 (lightest).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The number is derived by finding the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. height of a column of the sample that, when viewed through
the length of the column, visually matches the appropriate one
2. Referenced Documents
of three glass standards and referring to Table 1 of Test Method
2
D156.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The height of a column of sample is decreased by levels
1
corresponding to color numbers until the color of the sample is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
unmistakably lighter than that of the standard. The color
Subcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
number above this level is reported, regardless of whether the
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
sample was darker, questionable, or a match at the higher level.
approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D156 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/D0156-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.