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ASTM D4806-09

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended for blending with unleaded or leaded gasolines for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel. Denatured fuel ethanol shall conform to the specified performance requirements for the following: ethanol content, methanol, solvent-washed gum, water content, denaturant content, inorganic chloride content, copper content, acidity, pHe, sulfur content, sulfate content, appearance, and specific gravity. The only denaturants used for fuel ethanol shall be natural gasoline, gasoline components, or unleaded gasoline at the minimum concentration prescribed. Prohibited denaturants include methanol which does not meet the specified requirement, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossil vegetable matter). Sampling, containers, and sample handling techniques, and the test methods for determining conformance to the specified requirements are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel. The significance of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Federal regulations use the inch-pound units that appear in Note 2, 5.1, and X1.2.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2009
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4806-08a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D4806-10 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8011-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8235-21 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7757-22 - Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8181-19 - Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7795-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5797-21 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5798-21 - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6423-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7717-11(2021) - Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7875-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Butanol and Acetone Content of Butanol for Blending with Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3120-08(2019) - Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
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ASTM D4806-09 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelASTM D4806-09 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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REDLINE ASTM D4806-09 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelREDLINE ASTM D4806-09 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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REDLINE ASTM D4806-09 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4806 – 09
Standard Specification for
Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use
1
as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
tured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or
Petroleum Products
leaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
ignition automotive engine fuel. The significance of this
Petroleum Products
specification is shown in Appendix X1.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
standard.
Fuel
1.2.1 Exception—Federal regulations use the inch-pound
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
units that appear in Note 2, 5.1, and X1.2.1.
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
2. Referenced Documents
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
2
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Tolu-
Atmospheric Pressure
ene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C and Heavier
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo- 9
Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by
ration
Gas Chromatography
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of
D5854 PracticeforMixingandHandlingofLiquidSamples
Liquid Industrial Chemicals
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D1152 Specification for Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)
D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of
and Related Products
Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D7318 Test Method for Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
by Potentiometric Titration
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D7319 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
tial Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography
lometry
D7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-
D3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure
tial Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel
Liquid Chemicals
Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample
Injection
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Determine Conformance with Specifications
D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
E203 Test Method forWater UsingVolumetric Karl Fischer
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4806–08a. DOI: 10.1520/
Titration
D4806-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4806 – 09
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
Ethanol, volume %, min 92.1
Methanol, volume %, max 0.5
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Cou-
Solvent-washed gum, 5.0
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
mg/100 mL, max
Water content, volume %, max 1.0 (Note 3)
2.2 Other Standards:
Denaturant content, volume %, min 1.96
volume %, max 5.0
United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts
Inorganic Chloride cont
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4806–08a Designation: D 4806 – 09
Standard Specification for
Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use
1
as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leaded
gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel. The significance of this specification is shown
in Appendix X1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Federal regulations use the inch-pound units that appear in Note 2, 5.1, and X1.2.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D 1152 Specification for Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)
D 1613 Test Method forAcidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
D 1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D 3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D 4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D 5453 Test Method for Determination ofTotal Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D 5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
D 5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C and HeavierAromatics,
9
and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
D 6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D 7318 Test Method for Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric Titration
D 7319 TestMethodforDeterminationofTotalandPotentialSulfateandInorganicChlorideinFuelEthanolbyDirectInjection
Suppressed Ion Chromatography
D 7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol
by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample Injection
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.A0.01
on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
Current edition approved Dec.June 1, 2008.2009. Published JanuaryJuly 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 4806–08a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4806–09
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
E 1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fi
...

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T(V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T(V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T(V/L = 20) is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
Note 2: This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.  
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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