ASTM C1716/C1716M-10
(Specification)Standard Specification for Compression Testing Machine Requirements for Concrete Masonry Units, Related Units, and Prisms
Standard Specification for Compression Testing Machine Requirements for Concrete Masonry Units, Related Units, and Prisms
ABSTRACT
This specification provides minimum design standards for testing machines used to measure the compressive strength of concrete masonry units, related units, and masonry prisms covered under Test Methods C140 and C1314. Testing machine requirements cover requirements for machine loading; gauges and displays; accuracy; load frame; plates, blocks, and platens; spacers; hemispherical head design; lower platen design; prescriptive design requirements for blocks and platens; and prescriptive design for deflection under load.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides minimum design standards for testing machines used to measure the compressive strength of concrete masonry units, related units, and masonry prisms covered under Test Methods C140 and C1314.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1716/C1716M – 10
Standard Specification for
Compression Testing Machine Requirements for Concrete
Masonry Units, Related Units, and Prisms
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1716/C1716M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 bearing, adj—direct contact with the specimen being
tested, as in bearing plate, bearing block, and bearing platen.
1.1 This specification provides minimum design standards
3.1.2 block, n—steel piece 50 mm [2 in.] thick or greater
for testing machines used to measure the compressive strength
that provides additional load capacity in bending to platens.
of concrete masonry units, related units, and masonry prisms
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Blocks may be used to accommodate
covered under Test Methods C140 and C1314.
testing specimens of various heights in a testing machine.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3.1.3 composite, adj—made up of two or more pieces or
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
materials.
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
3.1.4 load frame, n—all components of the testing machine
as requirements of this standard.
that react against forces applied to the test specimen during
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
testing.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.5 plate, n—steel piece less than 50 mm [2 in.] thick.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Plates are used to accommodate test
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
specimens of various heights in a testing machine but do not
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
provide additional load capacity in bending to platens or
with the standard.
blocks. Plates can also be used as bearing surfaces.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 platen, n—the primary bearing surfaces of the testing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
machine.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Platen is a general term without spe-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cific properties implied. In general, the lower platen is semi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
permanently fixed to the testing machine and the upper platen
2. Referenced Documents
is semi-permanently fixed to a hemispherical thrust bearing.
3.1.7 spacer, n—plates, blocks, or equipment and fixtures
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specific to a testing machine, used to adjust the position of
C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete
bearing surfaces to accommodate test specimens.
Masonry Units and Related Units
C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for
NOTE 1—Plates, blocks or platens used in bearing must be hardened.
Masonry
Spacers do not have to be hardened. Blocks are structural while plates are
C1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry not.
Prisms
4. Testing Machine Requirements
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
4.1 Machine Loading Requirements:
3. Terminology
4.1.1 The testing machine must be power operated and
apply the load continuously, rather than intermittently, and
3.1 Definitions:
without shock.
4.1.2 The machine must be capable of maintaining specific
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
loading rates required by the test. Variations in the loading rate
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
over the elastic portion of the test shall not exceed 620 % of
C15.04 on Research.
Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published July 2010. DOI: 10.1520/
the set loading rate.
C1716_C1716M-10.
4.1.3 The testing machine must be capable of a minimum of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
50 mm [2 in.] of continuous travel or displacement to accom-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
modate positioning and testing of a specimen.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1716/C1716M – 10
NOTE 3—Platens 50 mm [2 in.] thick or greater act as blocks and
4.2 Gauges and Displays—Gauges and displays indicating
bearing capacities in bending are calculated accordingly.
loads shall meet the requirements of Practices E4, except in no
case shall the verified force range include forces less than 100
4.6 Spacers:
times the resolution of the force indicator. 4.6.1 Spacers and bearing plates are permitted. Plates,
4.3 Accuracy—The accuracy and calibration of the testing blocks, and spacers are used to adjust the position of bearing
machine shall meet the requirements of Practices E4, except surfaces to accommodate test specimens.
the testing machine shall be calibrated at the frequency
NOTE 4—Plates and blocks are usually placed between the upper and
prescribed in Practice C1093.
lower platens to accommodate specimen size while spacers are usually
4.4 Load Frame:
placed between testing heads and the frame of the testing machine.
4.4.1 Load frames shall have a minimum lateral stiffness of
4.6.2 Spacers excluding those provided by the testing ma-
6 4
18 3 10 N/m [10 3 10 lb/in.], and a longitudinal stiffness of
chine manufacturer must be constructed of steel.
8 6
18 3 10 N/m [10 3 10 lb/in.].
4.6.3 Non-ferrous and composite spacers, provided by the
4.4.2 Differentiallongitudinalstrainoftheloadframedueto
testing machine manufacturer, used between the upper testing
aneccentricloadingshallbelimitedto0.0001mm/mm[0.0001
head and the lower platen shall have their load capacity clearly
in./in.] at the maximum capacity of the machine or the rated
indicated on the spacer and shall be used with a block or
capacity of the specific test setup. Eccentricity of the load shall
bearing block between the spacer and the test specimen.
be considered as 5 % of the maximum width of the specimen.
NOTE 5—Theblockmaybeintegraltothedesignofacompositespacer.
See Appendix X1 for a discussion on allowable longitudinal
strain and machine capacity. 4.6.4 Spacers placed between the lower platen and lower
bearingblockmustbeaminimumof6mm[0.25in.]widerand
NOTE 2—In testing machines with significant differences in lateral
6 mm [0.25 in.] longer than the effective bearing area of the
stiffness, the center of mass and center of effort shall lay on the axis
lowerplatenrequiredforthetest,orthelengthandwidthofthe
perpendicular to the axis of maximum lateral stiffness. Test specimen
platen, whichever is smaller.
centroid of compressive strength may not coincide with its centroid of
mass. Test specimen section aspect ratio affects measured compressive 4.6.5 Spacersusedbetweentheupperandlowerplatenmust
strength but not mass.
meet all requirements of 4.9 for flatness and surface finish.
4.7 Hemispherical Head Design:
4.4.3 Ifthedesignoftheloadframemakesitanintegralpart
4.7.1 The upper platen or bearing surface of the testing
of the support against deflection for platens, blocks, or testing
machine shall be supported with a hemispherical thrust bearing
heads, the specific parts of the load frame supporting platens,
to allow small angular movement of the bearing surface.
blocks, or testing heads shall meet the requirements of 4.9 for
flatness, finish, and materials.
NOTE 6—The preferred design includes a socket and ball hemispherical
section semi-permanently or permanently attached to a single bearing
4.4.4 Testing machines with fixed geometry frames and
block or platen.
adjustable geometry frames are permitted.
4.5 Plates, Blocks, and Platens: 4.7.2 The ball and the socket shall be designed so that the
4.5.1 Plates, blocks, and platens shall meet requirements of steel in the contact area of the hemispherical bearing does not
4.9 for flatness and surface finish. Surface treatments or plating permanently deform when loaded to the capacity of the testing
machine or the rated load of the testing head.
to reduce corrosion is permitted.
4.7.3 The curved surfaces of the hemispherical bearing
4.5.2 Spacer Plate—A one piece steel plate, less than 50
surface shall be kept clean and shall be lubricated with
mm [2 in.] in thickness and greater than 11.5 mm [0.45 in.] in
petroleum-type oil such as conventional motor oil and not with
thickness. Spacer plates shall not be used in direct contact with
grease.
the test specimen. Spacer plates provide no additional load
capacity in bending to platens or blocks.
NOTE 7—After contacting the specimen and application of small initial
4.5.3 Bearing Plate—Aone piece hardened steel plate, less
load, further tilting of the spherically seated block is neither intended nor
than 50 mm [2 in.] in thickness and greater than 11.5 mm [0.45
desirable. Spherical bearing blocks that rotate under load may reduce
measured strengths.
in.] in thickness. Bearing plates provide a bearing surface in
direct contact with a test specimen. Bearing plates provide no
4.7.4 The upper bearing surface and its attachment to the
additional load capacity in bending to platens or blocks.
spherical seat shall be such that the bearing face can be rotated
4.5.4 Spacer Block—A one piece steel plate, 50 mm [2 in.]
freely at least 2° in any direction perpendicular to the axis of
inthicknessorgreater.Spacerblocksshallnotbeusedindirect
loading.
contact with the test specimen.
4.7.5 Close contact of the hemispherical bearing surfaces is
4.5.5 Bearing Block—A one piece hardened steel plate, 50 preferred. Testing head designs with the surfaces not held in
mm [2 in.] in thickness or greater, that provides a bearing
close contact at all times shall have suitable alignment fixtures
surface in direct contact with a test specimen. Bearing blocks to assure the hemispherical bearing surfaces contact with
provide additional load capacity in bending to platens or
lateral motion less than 0.75 mm [0.03 in.].
blocks. 4.7.6 The radius of the hemispherical bearing shall not
4.5.6 Platen—Aone piece steel plate, at least 25 mm [1 in.] extend beyond the bearing face of the upper platen or bearing
thick when new and at least 22 mm [0.9 in.] thick when in block.
service. Platens may be unhardened if they are not used for 4.7.7 Hemispherical bearings utilizing non-integral con-
bearing. struction shall be designed to withstand lateral loads up to 7 %
C1716/C1716M – 10
of the maximum rated capacity of the testing head. Non- 4.9.7 Permanent markings designed to aid in positioning of
integral construction for hemispherical bearings are those specimen and spacers or to indicate rated size that are
bearing heads with the convex hemispherical bearing section machined shall not exceed 0.75 mm [0.03 in.] wide by 1.0 mm
mechanically connected to the bearing block or upper platen, [0.04 in.] deep. Permanent markings that are etched shall not
rather than those machined from a single piece of steel. exceed 2.5 mm [0.1 in.] wide by 0.005 mm [0.0002 in.] deep.
4.7.8 If any portion of the upper platen is less than 50 mm
NOTE 10—Markings are allowed, but not required by this standard.
[2 in.] thick, that portion shall be considered a spacer for
Studies have shown that machined markings can affect the results of high
calculations of deflection under load.
strength specimens.
4.7.9 The bearing surface shall be designed to meet the
4.9.8 Surfaces with individual scratches larger than 0.25
requirements of 4.10 for deflection under load.
mm [0.010 in.] wide by 50 mm [2 in.] long, and individual
4.8 Lower Platen Design:
2 2
dents with area exceeding 30 mm [0.05 in ] (approximately 6
4.8.1 If the lower platen is the primary bearing surface, the
mm [0.25 in] in diameter), and depth exceeding 0.12 mm
bearing surface shall be designed to meet the requirements of
[0.005 in.] shall not be used as bearing surfaces. Scratches and
4.10 for deflection under load.
dents outside the bearing area of 4.9.2 are excluded.
4.8.2 If any portion of the lower platen is less than 50 mm
[2 in.] thick, it shall be considered a spacer for calculations of NOTE 11—Bearing surfaces with several scratches and or dents shall be
replaced or resurfaced. Best engineering practice must be used to access
deflection under load.
the number, location and significance of imperfections to the bearing
4.9 Prescriptive Design Requirements for Blocks and Plat-
surface.
ens:
4.9.1 The working surfaces of blocks, plates and platens 4.9.8.1 Plates and blocks with dents and scratches exceed-
ing those permitted by 4.9.8 may be used as spacers providing
shall be finished to better than RMS (root mean square) 63.
they meet all other requirements of 4.9.5.
Bearing surfaces shall be finished to RMS 30 or better.Top and
bottom surfaces must be parallel within 60.0005 mm/mm 4.9.9 Holes and features required for fixtures or as part of
[0.0005 in./in.] on plates less than 50 mm [2 in.] thick and
the testing head design must have a minimum depth of cover to
60.0010mm/mm[0.0010 in./in.]onplatensandblocks50mm the bearing surface of twice the diameter of the hole.
[2 in.] or greater in thickness.
4.10 Prescriptive Design for Deflection under Load:
4.9.2 The length and width of bearing blocks, plates, and
4.10.1 The purpose of this section is to minimize the
platens shall be a minimum of 6 mm [0.25 in.] larger than the
allowable deflections of platens and blocks under load. Deflec-
length and width of the test specimen, respectively.
tion of the bearing surfaces reduces the measured compressive
4.9.3 Any surface within 1.2 mm [0.05 in.] of an edge is
strength of a test specimen. Use of spacers, plates and blocks,
exempt from finish and flatness requirements.
between the test specimen and the testing head are allowed but
4.9.4 Side surfaces not intended for loading are excluded may pose a safety concern if supported only by the test
from finish requirements.
specimen.
4.9.5 Surfaces shall be flat within 60.0125 mm in 150 mm
4.10.2 Machine platens not large enough to test the speci-
[0.0005 in. in 6 in.]. In addition, the entire surface excluding
men shall be used in conjunction with a block to increase the
the edges must be flat within 60.025 mm [0.001 in.]. If a
effective bearing area. The requirements for block thickness
bearing surface is rated to a maximum specimen size, the
must be achieved with a single block.
flatnes
...
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