ASTM D4497-10

Standard Test Method for Determining the Open Time of Hot Melt Adhesives (Manual Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method allows comparing the open time of several hot melt adhesives.
This test method is not intended to provide the open-time observed for a specific adhesive in a specific manufacturing operation. This test method can be used to compare the performance of adhesives which are represented to be identical or to rank the open-time of a group of hot melt adhesives.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the manual determination of the open-time range of hot-melt adhesives under the stated conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2010
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging
• Drafting Committee: D10.14 - Tape and Labels

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4497-94(2004)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Open Time of Hot Melt Adhesives (Manual Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4497 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Open Time of Hot Melt Adhesives (Manual
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4497; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of 5 s sequentially after the molten adhesive has been applied
using a heated film applicator on one surface. The bonded
1.1 This test method covers the manual determination of the
specimens are examined later to determine the longest time
open-time range of hot-melt adhesives under the stated condi-
period, between application of the adhesive to one surface and
tions.
mating with a second surface, which allows substantial bond-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ing.
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for
information only.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 This test method allows comparing the open time of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
several hot melt adhesives.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 This test method is not intended to provide the open-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
time observed for a specific adhesive in a specific manufactur-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ing operation. This test method can be used to compare the
2. Referenced Documents performance of adhesives which are represented to be identical
2
or to rank the open-time of a group of hot melt adhesives.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
6. Apparatus
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
6.1 Oven, which meets the precision required by the
ASTM Test Methods
procedure, should be used to heat the adhesive sample and the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
applicator.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6.2 Film Applicator—Multiple clearance 0.125 to 1.25 mm
3. Terminology
3
(5 to 50 mil) square P.G. and T. Number 2 Film Applicator
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms found in this test
capable of providing an applied film of adhesive having a
method are defined in Terminology D907.
nominal width of 50 mm (2 in.).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.3 Hand Thermometer, preferably metal, capable of mea-
3.2.1 open time, n—the time available between application
suring the temperature of the hot-melt with an accuracy of
of the adhesive to the first substrate and the mating of the
61°C (62°F).
second substrate which still results in a minimum of 50 % fiber
6.4 Primary Standard Substrate, 200 by 280 mm (8 by 11
tear when tested at ambient conditions.
4
in.), NBS Standard Reference Material 1810 (Liner Board).
4. Summary of Test Method
Substrates are to be conditioned as described in Practice E177.
4.1 In this test method, open time is determined by bonding
6.5 Secondary Standard Substrate, 125 mm (5 in.) length in
togetherwiththeadhesive,piecesofstandardpaperatintervals
the material direction cut to 19 mm (0.75 in.) wide, NBS
3
Standard Reference Material 1810 (Liner Board).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
6.6 Glass Beakers (600 mL), for melting the adhesive.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and
Labels.
6.7 Watchglass, to cover beaker.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally
ε1
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4497 – 94 (2004) .
DOI: 10.1520/D4497-10.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or FilmApplicatorNo.2isavailablefromPrecisionGageandToolCompany,375
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Gargrave Rd., Dayton, OH 45449, www.precisiongage-toll.com.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 2320
the ASTM website. Measurement Services Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2320, www.nist.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4497 − 10
6.8 Beakers, Tongs, and Protective gloves, for handling hot
vessels and applicators.
6.9 Transparent Pressure Sensitive Tape.
6.10 Stop Watch or Other Timer, graduated to at least 0.5 s.
6.11 Weighted Rectangular Block, having at least one
smooth and flat wood face, 50 by 12.5 mm (2 by 0.5 in.)
weighing 100 g (3.5 oz), the mass being uniformly distributed.
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D4497–94(Reapproved2004) Designation:D4497–10
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Open Time of Hot Melt Adhesives (Manual
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4497; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—An editorial change was made in 3.1 in September 2004.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the manual determination of the open-time range of hot-melt adhesives under the stated conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
E171Specification forAtmospheres for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials 177 Practice for Use of the Terms
Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms found in this test method are defined in Terminology D907.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 open time, n—the time available between application of the adhesive to the first substrate and the mating of the second
substrate which still results in a minimum of 50 % fiber tear when tested at ambient conditions.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 In this test method, open time is determined by bonding together with the adhesive, pieces of standard paper at intervals
of 5 s sequentially after the molten adhesive has been applied using a heated film applicator on one surface.The bonded specimens
are examined later to determine the longest time period, between application of the adhesive to one surface and mating with a
second surface, which allows substantial bonding.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method allows comparing the open time of several hot melt adhesives.
5.2 This test method is not intended to provide the open-time observed for a specific adhesive in a specific manufacturing
operation. This test method can be used to compare the performance of adhesives which are represented to be identical or to rank
the open-time of a group of hot melt adhesives.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Oven, which meets the precision required by the procedure, should be used to heat the adhesive sample and the applicator.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.50 on Hot Melts, Pressure
Sensitives, and Archival Adhesives.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4497–94(1999). DOI:
10.1520/D4497-94R04E01.on Hot Melt Pressure Sensitive Archive Adhesives.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4497 – 94 (2004) . DOI:
10.1520/D4497-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4497–10
3
6.2 Film Applicator—Multiple clearance 0.125 to 1.25 mm (5 to 50 mil) square P.G. andT. Number 2 FilmApplicator capable
of providing an applied film of adhesive having a nominal width of 50 mm (2 in.).
6.3 Hand Thermometer, preferably metal, capable of measuring the temperature of the hot-melt with an accuracy of 61°C
(62°F).
4
6.4 Primary Standard Substrate , 200 by 280 mm (8 by 11 in.), NBS Standard Reference Material 1810 (Liner Board).
Substrates are to be conditioned as described in Specification Practice E171E177.
6.5 Secondary Standard Substrate, 125 mm (5 in.) length in the material direction cut to 19 mm (0.75 in.) wide, NBS Standard
3
Reference Material
...