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ASTM F704-81(1996)E1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Selecting Bolting Lengths for Piping System Flanged Joints

Standard Practice for Selecting Bolting Lengths for Piping System Flanged Joints

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers bolt and stud bolt lengths, quantities, and thread series for pipe to pipe and pipe to valve flanged joints (Note 1) in the nominal pipe size ranges of ½ through 48-in. (12.7 through 1219-mm) diameter and pressure range of 125 through 2500 psi (0.8 through 17 236 kPa).
Note 1—This is applicable when flange of valve has the same thickness as mating flange.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
29-Jan-1981
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F704-81(2001) - Standard Practice for Selecting Bolting Lengths for Piping System Flanged Joints
Effective Date
30-Jan-1981
Referred By
ASTM F1155-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Piping System Materials
Effective Date
30-Jan-1981

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ASTM F704-81(1996)E1 - Standard Practice for Selecting Bolting Lengths for Piping System Flanged JointsASTM F704-81(1996)E1 - Standard Practice for Selecting Bolting Lengths for Piping System Flanged Joints
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ASTM F704-81(1996)E1 - Standard Practice for Selecting Bolting Lengths for Piping System Flanged Joints
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: F 704 – 81 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Selecting Bolting Lengths for Piping System Flanged
Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in November 1996.
1. Scope 3. Bolting Criteria
1.1 This practice covers bolt and stud bolt lengths, quanti- 3.1 Bolt and stud bolt lengths are computed using the
ties, and thread series for pipe to pipe and pipe to valve flanged following (see Annex A1):
joints (Note 1) in the nominal pipe size ranges of ⁄2- through 3.1.1 Includes maximum nut thickness in accordance with
48-in. (12.7- through 1219-mm) diameter and pressure range of ANSI B18.2.2.
125 through 2500 psi (0.8 through 17 236 kPa). 3.1.2 Does not include washer thickness.
3.1.3 Does not include bolt or stud bolt point height.
NOTE 1—This is applicable when flange of valve has the same
3.1.4 Includes allowance for up to ⁄8-in. (3.2-mm) thick
thickness as mating flange.
gaskets, except butterfly valves.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.5 Includes ⁄4-in. (6.3-mm) raised face in addition to
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
flange thickness listed in tables for flanges rated at 400 psi (2.8
information only.
kPa) and above.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 Includes use of heavy hex nut and bolt design.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.7 Includes plus tolerance for flange thickness in accor-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dance with ANSI B16.5.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 All bolts and stud bolts have threads in accordance with
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ANSI B1.1, Class 2A dimensioning and nuts Class 2B.
3.3 The material requirements for bolts, stud bolts, and nuts
2. Referenced Documents
are obtained from the material specifications of individual
2.1 ANSI Standards:
system diagrams.
B1.1 Unified Screw Threads
3.4 Alloy steel bolting 1-in. (25.4-mm) nominal diameter
B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (25, 125,
and smaller and all carbon steel bolting has threads of the UNC
250, and 800 lb)
Series; alloy steel bolting above 1-in. nominal diameter has
B16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (150, 300,
threads of the 8-UN Series.
400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 lb Including Reference to
3.5 For detailed descriptions of flange bolting assemblies,
Valves)
butterfly valve bolting assemblies, and tapped lug-type butter-
B16.24 Bronze Flanges and Flanged Fittings (150 and 300
fly valve bolting assemblies, refer to Figs. 1–7.
lb)
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
4. List of Tables
B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
4.1 The tables are arranged in the following sequence:
2.2 Other Standard:
150-lb Steel Flanged Joints Table 1
MSS SP-44 Steel Pipe Flanges
300-lb Steel Flanged Joints Table 2
400-lb Steel Flanged Joints Table 3
600-lb Steel Flanged Joints Table 4
900-lb Steel Flanged Joints Table 5
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-25 on Ships and
1500-lb Steel Flanged Joints Table 6
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.13 on
2500-lb Steel Flanged Joints Table 7
Piping Systems.
150-lb Bronze Flanged Joints Table 8
Current edition approved Jan. 30, 1981. Published July 1981.
300-lb Bronze Flanged Joints Table 9
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
150-lb Steel Flat Face to 150-lb Table 10
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Bronze Flanged Joints
Available from Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the Valve and
Fittings Industry, 1815 N. Fort Myer Dr., Arlington, VA 22209.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 704
300-lb Steel Flat Face to 300-lb Table 11 Bolting Lengths for Tapped Lug- Table 18
Bronze Flanged Joints Type Butterfly Valve and 150 lb
Bronze Flanges to ANSI B16.24
125-lb Cast Iron to 150-lb Steel Flat Table 12
Face Flanged Joints
250-lb Cast Iron to 300-lb Steel Flat Table 13
Face Flanged Joints
800-lb Cast Iron to 600-lb Steel Table 14
5. Keywords
Flanged Joints
Wafer-Type Butterfly Valve and Table 15
5.1 bolting lengths; cover bolt; flange joint(s); marine tech-
150-lb Steel Flanges
Wafer-Type Butterfly Valve and Table 16
nology; ships; stud bolts
150-lb Bronze Flanges
Bolting Lengths for Tapped Lug- Table 17
Type Butterfly Valve and 150-lb
Steel Flanges to ANSI B16.5
TABLE 1 Bolting Lengths for 150-lb Steel Flanged Joints to ANSI B16.5 and MSS SP-44 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)
Bolt Bolt Length Stud Bolt
Nominal Diameter, Flange Carbon Length
Quantity Bolt Stud
A
Pipe Size, in. Thickness, Steel, Car-
per Joint Bolt Thread
A A
in. in. in. bon Steel,
A
in.
1 1 7 1 3 1
⁄2 ⁄2 4 ⁄16 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 1 ⁄4 2 ⁄4
3 1 1 1 1
⁄4 ⁄2 4 ⁄2 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 2 2 ⁄2
1 9 1 1
1 ⁄2 4 ⁄16 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 2 2 ⁄2
1 1 5 1 1 3
1 ⁄4 ⁄2 4 ⁄8 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 2 ⁄4 2 ⁄4
1 1 11 1 1 3
1 ⁄2 ⁄2 4 ⁄16 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 2 ⁄4 2 ⁄4
5 3 5 3 1
2 ⁄8 4 ⁄4 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 ⁄4 3 ⁄4
1 5 7 5 1
2 ⁄2 ⁄8 4 ⁄8 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 3 3 ⁄2
5 15 5 1
3 ⁄8 4 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 3 3 ⁄2
1 5 15 5 1
3 ⁄2 ⁄8 8 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 3 3 ⁄2
5 15 5 1
4 ⁄8 8 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 3 3 ⁄2
3 15 3 1 3
5 ⁄4 8 ⁄16 3 ⁄4-11 UNC-2A 3 ⁄4 3 ⁄4
3 3 1
6 ⁄4 81 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 3 ⁄4 4
3 1 3 1 1
8 ⁄4 81 ⁄8 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 3 ⁄2 4 ⁄4
7 3 7 3 1
10 ⁄8 12 1 ⁄16 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A 3 ⁄4 4 ⁄2
7 1 7 3
12 ⁄8 12 1 ⁄4 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A 4 4 ⁄4
3 1 1
14 1 12 1 ⁄8 1-8 UNC-2A 4 ⁄4 5 ⁄4
7 1 1
16 1 16 1 ⁄16 1-8 UNC-2A 4 ⁄2 5 ⁄4
1 9 1 3 3
18 1 ⁄8 16 1 ⁄16 1 ⁄8-7 UNC-2A ⁄4 5 ⁄4
1 11 1 1 1
20 1 ⁄8 20 1 ⁄16 1 ⁄8-7 UNC-2A 5 ⁄4 6 ⁄4
1 7 1 3 3
24 1 ⁄4 20 1 ⁄8 1 ⁄4-7 UNC-2A 5 ⁄4 6 ⁄4
1 11 11 1 1
26 1 ⁄4 24 2 ⁄16 1 ⁄16-7 UNC-2A 7 ⁄4 8 ⁄2
1 13 1 1 3
28 1 ⁄4 28 2 ⁄16 1 ⁄4-7 UNC-2A 7 ⁄2 8 ⁄4
1 15 1 3
30 1 ⁄4 28 2 ⁄16 1 ⁄4-7 UNC-2A 7 ⁄4 9
1 3 1 3
32 1 ⁄2 28 3 ⁄16 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 8 ⁄4 10
1 1 1 3
34 1 ⁄2 32 3 ⁄4 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 8 ⁄4 10
1 9 1 1 3
36 1 ⁄2 32 3 ⁄16 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 9 ⁄210 ⁄4
1 7 1 1 1
38 1 ⁄2 32 3 ⁄16 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 9 ⁄4 10 ⁄2
1 9 1 1 3
40 1 ⁄2 36 3 ⁄16 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 9 ⁄2 10 ⁄4
1 13 1 1
42 1 ⁄2 36 3 ⁄16 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 10 11 ⁄4
1 1 1 1
44 1 ⁄2 40 4 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 10 ⁄4 11 ⁄2
1 1 1 1 3
46 1 ⁄2 40 4 ⁄16 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 10 ⁄2 11 ⁄4
1 1 1 3 1
48 1 ⁄2 44 4 ⁄4 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 10 ⁄4 12 ⁄4
A
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
TABLE 2 Bolting Lengths for 300-lb Steel Flanged Joints to ANSI B16.5 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)
Nominal Bolt Bolt Length Stud Bolt
Pipe Size, Diameter, Flange Carbon Length
Quantity Bolt Stud
A
in. in. Thickness, Steel, Car-
per Joint Bolt Thread
A A
in. in. bon Steel,
A
in.
1 1 9 1 1
⁄2 ⁄2 4 ⁄16 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 2 2 ⁄2
3 5 5 5 1
⁄4 ⁄8 4 ⁄8 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 ⁄4 3
5 11 5 1
1 ⁄8 4 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 ⁄2 3
1 5 3 5 1 1
1 ⁄4 ⁄8 4 ⁄4 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 ⁄2 3 ⁄4
1 3 13 3 1
1 ⁄2 ⁄4 4 ⁄16 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 3 3 ⁄2
5 7 5 1
2 ⁄8 8 ⁄8 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 3 3 ⁄2
1 3 3 1
2 ⁄2 ⁄4 81 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 3 ⁄4 4
3 1 3 1 1
3 ⁄4 81 ⁄8 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 3 ⁄2 4 ⁄4
1 3 3 3 3 1
3 ⁄2 ⁄4 81 ⁄16 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 3 ⁄4 4 ⁄4
F 704
TABLE 2 Continued
Nominal Bolt Bolt Length Stud Bolt
Pipe Size, Diameter, Flange Carbon Length
Quantity Bolt Stud
A
in. in. Thickness, Steel, Car-
per Joint Bolt Thread
A A
in. in. bon Steel,
A
in.
3 1 3 3 1
4 ⁄4 81 ⁄4 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 3 ⁄4 4 ⁄2
3 3 3 3
5 ⁄4 81 ⁄8 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 4 4 ⁄4
3 7 3 1 3
6 ⁄4 12 1 ⁄16 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 4 ⁄4 4 ⁄4
7 5 7 3 1
8 ⁄8 12 1 ⁄8 ⁄8-8 UNC-2A 4 ⁄4 5 ⁄2
7 1 1
10 1 16 1 ⁄8 1-8 UNC-2A 5 ⁄4 6 ⁄4
1 1 3 3
12 1 ⁄8 16 2 1 ⁄8-7 UNC-2A 5 ⁄4 6 ⁄4
1 1 1
14 1 ⁄8 20 2 ⁄8 1 ⁄8-7 UNC-2A 6 7
1 1 1 1
16 1 ⁄4 20 2 ⁄4 1 ⁄4-7 UNC-2A 6 ⁄4 7
1 3 1 1 3
18 1 ⁄4 24 2 ⁄8 1 ⁄4-7 UNC-2A 6 ⁄2 7 ⁄4
1 1 1
20 1 ⁄4 24 2 ⁄2 1 ⁄4-7 UNC-2A 7 8
1 3 1 3
24 1 ⁄2 24 2 ⁄4 1 ⁄2-6 UNC-2A 7 ⁄4 9
A
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
TABLE 3 Bolting Lengths for 400-lb Steel Flanged Joints to ANSI B16.5 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4)
Nominal Bolt Flange Stud Bolt
Bolt Length
Pipe Size, Diameter, Quantity Thickness, Bolt Stud Length
Alloy
A A
in. in. per Joint in. Bolt Thread Alloy
A
Steel, in.
A
Steel, in.
1 B B BBB B
⁄2
B B BBB B
⁄4
B B BBB B
B B BBB B
1 ⁄4
B B BBB B
1 ⁄2
B B BBB B
B B BBB B
2 ⁄2
B B BBB B
B B BBB B
3 ⁄2
7 3 7 1
4 ⁄8 81 ⁄8 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5 ⁄2
7 1 7 3
5 ⁄8 81 ⁄2 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5 ⁄4
7 5 7
6 ⁄8 12 1 ⁄8 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 6
7 3
8 1 12 1 ⁄8 1-8 UNC-2A not used 6 ⁄4
1 1 1 1
10 1 ⁄8 16 2 ⁄8 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 7 ⁄2
1 1 1
12 1 ⁄4 16 2 ⁄4 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 8
1 3 1 1
14 1 ⁄4 20 2 ⁄8 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 8 ⁄4
3 1 3 3
16 1 ⁄8 20 2 ⁄2 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 8 ⁄4
3 5 3
18 1 ⁄8 24 2 ⁄8 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 9
1 3 1 1
20 1 ⁄2 24 2 ⁄4 1 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 9 ⁄2
3 3 1
24 1 ⁄4 24 3 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 10 ⁄2
A
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
B
For dimensions of these pipe sizes, refer to Table 4.
TABLE 4 Bolting Lengths for 600-lb Steel Flanged Joints to ANSI B16.5 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4)
Nominal Bolt Flange Stud Bolt
Bolt Length
Pipe Size, Diameter, Quantity Thickness, Bolt Stud Length
Alloy
A A
in. in. per Joint in. Bolt Thread Alloy
A
Steel, in.
A
Steel, in.
1 1 9 1
⁄2 ⁄2 4 ⁄16 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A not used 3
3 5 5 5 1
⁄4 ⁄8 4 ⁄8 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A not used 3 ⁄2
5 11 5 1
1 ⁄8 4 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A not used 3 ⁄2
1 5 13 5 3
1 ⁄4 ⁄8 4 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A not used 3 ⁄4
1 3 7 3 1
1 ⁄2 ⁄4 4 ⁄8 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A not used 4 ⁄4
5 5 1
2 ⁄8 81 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A not used 4 ⁄4
1 3 1 3 3
2 ⁄2 ⁄4 81 ⁄8 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A not used 4 ⁄4
3 1 3
3 ⁄4 81 ⁄4 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A not used 5
1 7 3 7 1
3 ⁄2 ⁄8 81 ⁄8 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5 ⁄2
7 1 7 3
4 ⁄8 81 ⁄2 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5 ⁄4
3 1
51 8 1 ⁄4 1-8 UNC-2A not used 6 ⁄2
7 3
6 1 12 1 ⁄8 1-8 UNC-2A not used 6 ⁄4
1 3 1 1
81 ⁄8 12 2 ⁄16 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 7 ⁄2
1 1 1 1
10 1 ⁄4 16 2 ⁄2 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 8 ⁄2
1 5 1 3
12 1 ⁄4 20 2 ⁄8 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 8 ⁄4
3 3 3 1
14 1 ⁄8 20 2 ⁄4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 9 ⁄4
1 1
16 1 ⁄2 20 3 1 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 10
5 1 5 3
18 1 ⁄8 20 3 ⁄4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 10 ⁄4
5 1 5 1
20 1 ⁄8 24 3 ⁄2 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 11 ⁄4
F 704
TABLE 4 Continued
Nominal Bolt Flange Stud Bolt
Bolt Length
Pipe Size, Diameter, Quantity Thickness, Bolt Stud Length
Alloy
A A
in. in. per Joint in. Bolt Thread Alloy
A
Steel, in.
A
Steel, in.
7 7
24 1 ⁄8 24 4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 13
A
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
TABLE 5 Bolting Lengths for 900-lb Steel Flanged Joints to ANSI B16.5 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4)
Nominal Bolt Flange Stud Bolt
Bolt Length
Pipe Size, Diameter, Quantity Thickness, Bolt Stud Length
Alloy
A A
in. in. per Joint in. Bolt Thread Alloy
A
Steel, in.
A
Steel, in.
B B BBB B
⁄2
B B BBB B
⁄4
B B BBB B
1 B B BBB B
1 ⁄4
B B BBB B
1 ⁄2
B B BBB B
B B BBB B
2 ⁄2
7 1 7 3
3 ⁄8 81 ⁄2 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5 ⁄4
1 3 1 3
41 ⁄8 81 ⁄4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 6 ⁄4
1 1 1
51 ⁄4 82 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 7 ⁄2
1 3 1 1
61 ⁄8 12 2 ⁄16 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 7 ⁄2
3 1 3 3
81 ⁄8 12 2 ⁄2 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 8 ⁄4
3 3 3 1
10 1 ⁄8 16 2 ⁄4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 9 ⁄4
3 1 3
12 1 ⁄8 20 3 ⁄8 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 10
1 3 1 3
14 1 ⁄2 20 3 ⁄8 1 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 10 ⁄4
5 1 5 1
16 1 ⁄8 20 3 ⁄2 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 11 ⁄4
7 7 3
18 1 ⁄8 20 4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 12 ⁄4
1 3
20 2 20 4 ⁄4 2-8 UN-2A not used 13 ⁄4
1 1 1 1
24 2 ⁄2 20 5 ⁄2 2 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 17 ⁄4
A
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
B
For dimensions of these pipe sizes, refer to Table 6.
TABLE 6 Bolting Lengths for 1500-lb Steel Flanged Joints to ANSI B16.5 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4)
Nominal Bolt Flange Stud Bolt
Bolt Length
Pipe Size, Diameter, Quantity Thickness, Bolt Stud Length
Alloy
A A
in. in. per Joint in. Bolt Thread Alloy
A
Steel, in.
A
Steel, in.
1 3 7 3 1
⁄2 ⁄4 4 ⁄8 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A not used 4 ⁄4
3 3 3 1
⁄4 ⁄4 41 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A not used 4 ⁄2
7 1 7
1 ⁄8 41 ⁄8 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5
1 7 1 7
1 ⁄4 ⁄8 41 ⁄8 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5
1 1 1
1 ⁄2 14 1 ⁄4 1-8 UNC-2A not used 5 ⁄2
7 1 7 3
2 ⁄8 81 ⁄2 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5 ⁄4
1 5 1
2 ⁄2 18 1 ⁄8 1-8 UNC-2A not used 6 ⁄4
1 7 1
31 ⁄8 81 ⁄8 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 7
1 1 1 3
41 ⁄4 82 ⁄8 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 7 ⁄4
1 7 1 3
51 ⁄2 82 ⁄8 1 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 9 ⁄4
3 1 3 1
61 ⁄8 12 3 ⁄4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 10 ⁄4
5 5 5 1
81 ⁄8 12 3 ⁄8 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 11 ⁄2
7 1 7
10 1 ⁄8 12 4 ⁄4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 13 1 4
/
7 3
12 2 16 4 ⁄8 2-8 UN-2A not used 14 ⁄4
1 1 1
14 2 ⁄4 16 5 ⁄4 2 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 16
1 3 1 1
16 2 ⁄2 16 5 ⁄4 2 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 17 ⁄2
3 3 3 1
18 2 ⁄4 16 6 ⁄8 2 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 19 ⁄2
20 3 16 7 3-8 UN-2A not used 21 ⁄4
1 1 1
24 3 ⁄2 16 8 3 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 24 ⁄4
A
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
TABLE 7 Bolting Lengths for 2500-lb Steel Flanged Joints to ANSI B16.5 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4)
Bolt Flange Stud Bolt
Nominal Bolt Length
Diameter, Quantity Thickness, Bolt Stud Length
Pipe Size, Alloy
A A
in. per Joint in. Bolt Thread Alloy
A
in. Steel, in.
A
Steel, in.
1 3 3 3 3
⁄2 ⁄4 41 ⁄16 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A not used 4 ⁄4
3 3 1 3
⁄4 ⁄4 41 ⁄4 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A not used 5
F 704
TABLE 7 Continued
Bolt Flange Stud Bolt
Nominal Bolt Length
Diameter, Quantity Thickness, Bolt Stud Length
Pipe Size, Alloy
A A
in. per Joint in. Bolt Thread Alloy
A
in. Steel, in.
A
Steel, in.
7 3 7 1
1 ⁄8 41 ⁄8 ⁄8-9 UNC-2A not used 5 ⁄2
1 1
1 ⁄4 14 1 ⁄2 1-8 UNC-2A not used 6
1 1 3 1 3
1 ⁄2 1 ⁄8 41 ⁄4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 6 ⁄4
2 1 8 2 1-8 UNC-2A not used 7
1 1 1 1 3
2 ⁄2 1 ⁄8 82 ⁄4 1 ⁄8-8 UN-2A not used 7 ⁄4
1 5 1 3
31 ⁄4 82 ⁄8 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 8 ⁄4
1 1
41 ⁄2 83 1 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 10
3 5 3 3
51 ⁄4 83 ⁄8 1 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 11 ⁄4
1 1
62 8 4 ⁄4 2-8 UN-2A not used 13 ⁄2
8 2 12 5 2-8 UN-2A not used 15
1 1 1 1
10 2 ⁄2 12 6 ⁄2 2 ⁄2-8 UN-2A not used 19 ⁄4
3 1 3 1
12 2 ⁄4 12 7 ⁄4 2 ⁄4-8 UN-2A not used 21 ⁄4
A
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
TABLE 8 Bolting Lengths for 150-lb Bronze Flanged Joints to ANSI B16.24 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)
Bolt Flange Bolt Length Stud Bolt
Nominal Diameter, Thickness, Carbon Length
Quantity Bolt Stud
A A
Pipe Size, in. in. Steel, Car-
per Joint Bolt Thread
A
in. in. bon Steel,
A
in.
1 1 5 1 1
⁄2 ⁄2 4 ⁄16 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 1 ⁄2 2
3 1 11 1 3 1
⁄4 ⁄2 4 ⁄32 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 1 ⁄4 2 ⁄4
1 3 1 3 1
1 ⁄2 4 ⁄8 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 1 ⁄4 2 ⁄4
1 1 13 1 3 1
1 ⁄4 ⁄2 4 ⁄32 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 1 ⁄4 2 ⁄4
1 1 7 1 3 1
1 ⁄2 ⁄2 4 ⁄16 ⁄2-13 UNC-2A 1 ⁄4 2 ⁄4
5 1 5 3
2 ⁄8 4 ⁄2 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 2 ⁄4
1 5 9 5 1 3
2 ⁄2 ⁄8 4 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 ⁄4 2 ⁄4
5 5 5 1
3 ⁄8 4 ⁄8 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 ⁄4 3
1 5 11 5 1
3 ⁄2 ⁄8 8 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 ⁄2 3
5 11 5 1
4 ⁄8 8 ⁄16 ⁄8-11 UNC-2A 2 ⁄2 3
3 3 3 3 1
5 ⁄4 8 ⁄4 ⁄4-10 UNC-2A 2 ⁄4 3 ⁄2
3 13 3 1
6 ⁄4 8 ⁄16 ⁄4-10 UNC-2
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

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ASTM D4586/D4586M-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Free

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types and two classes of asbestos-free asphalt roof cement consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral and/or other stabilizers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for trowel application to roofing and flashing. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalt characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. Class I is used for application to essentially dry surfaces, while Class II is used for application to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces. The roof cements shall comply with composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, mineral and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements such as uniformity, workability, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2700-24a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.  
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.  
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.  
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.  
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

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ASTM
ASTM E831-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D189-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.  
5.2 The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive may increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.  
5.3 The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuums, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).  
Note 1: The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2: Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
Note 3: The test results are equivalent to Test Method D4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
Note 4: In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Prin...

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ASTM D88/D88M-07(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.  
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as electrical insulating oils.  
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities greater than 1000 s.  
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test Method E102/E102M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99 °C [70 and 210 °F]. A special procedure for waxy products is indicated.  
Note 1: Test Methods D445 and D2170/D2170M are preferred for the determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather than Saybolt viscosities.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6134/D6134M-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Vulcanized Rubber Sheets Used in Waterproofing Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1187/D1187M-97(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt-Base Emulsions for Use as Protective Coatings for Metal

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6416/D6416M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4479/D4479M-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings—Asbestos-Free

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and requirements for two types of asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral or other stabilizers, or both, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for application by squeegee, three-knot brush, paint brush, roller, or by spraying. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalts characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. The coatings shall conform to specified composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, minerals and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements as to uniformity, consistency, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings of brushing or spraying consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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