ASTM E1136-10

Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for a radial-ply standard reference test tire for use as a reference for tire traction performance evaluations and for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire. The test tire shall be of the specified size, current technology All Season tread design steel-belted radial. Tread compounding, fabric processing, and all the manufacturing steps shall be controlled for minimum variability between tires. The tire shall be as originally molded without any tread grinding or repairs. The oil-extended styrene-butadiene blend rubber tread shall conform to the prescribed composition for: SBR 1778, SBR 1502, CIS 1 polybutadiene, N351 black, naphthenic oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid, 6 PPD, TMQ, antidegradant wax, tackifying hydrocarbon resin, TBBS, DPG, and sulfur. The tire shall be constructed as one-ply sidewall and a three-ply thread. The tread compound shall conform to the physical property requirements for: tensile sheet cure, stress at elongation, tensile strength, elongation, Durometer hardness, and restored energy (rebound or resilience). The dimensional requirements for (1) inflated dimensions and cured cord angles, (2) ribs, (3) grooves, and (4) wear indicators are specified. The prescribed physical property test methods including tire tread hardness test shall be used. Tire storage requirements and recommendations for tire use and operational requirements are detailed. The front and side views of a radial reference tire, the cross section including inflated tire dimensions, and the tread radius measurement using three point drop method are illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P195/75R14 radial standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.
1.1.1 A P225/60R16 97S (Specification F2493) tire is another standard reference test tire that is also used for these purposes. Specification F2493 was originally published 2006 and continues to be used.
1.2 This specification provides a rim code diameter of 14, standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2010
• ICS: 83.160.10 - Road vehicle tyres
• Technical Committee: F09 - Tires
• Drafting Committee: F09.20 - Vehicular Testing

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1136-14 - Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1136 −10
StandardSpecification for
1
P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1765Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
Rubber Products
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
the P195/75R14 radial standard reference test tire. The tire
ness
covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference
D3182PracticeforRubber—Materials,Equipment,andPro-
tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance
cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing
evaluations,butmayalsobeusedforotherevaluations,suchas
Standard Vulcanized Sheets
pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a
D7121Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience Using
reference tire.
Schob Type Rebound Pendulum
1.1.1 A P225/60R16 97S (Specification F2493) tire is an-
E867Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems
other standard reference test tire that is also used for these
F538Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
purposes. Specification F2493 was originally published 2006
formance of Tires
and continues to be used.
F2493Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard
1.2 This specification provides a rim code diameter of 14,
Reference Test Tire
standardtiredesignandconstruction,standarddimensions,and
specifies the conditions of storage.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthisspecification,refer
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
to Terminology F538.
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.1.2 all-season tread, n—tread design providing dry, wet,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the and snow traction performance for an optimized balance for
year-round performance and which may meet the Rubber
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Manufacturers Association (RMA) definition for an M&S,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- M+S, M/S, MS, etc. marked tire (see RMA “Snow Tire
4
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Definitions for Passenger and Light Truck (LT) Tires” ). F538
3.1.3 pavement characteristic, n—physical feature or prop-
2. Referenced Documents
erty of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: and skid resistance. E867
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
3.1.4 pitch, n—unitoftreadpatternelementsusedinvarious
tic Elastomers—Tension
combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F538
D1054Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience Using
3.1.5 standard reference test tire, SRTT, n—tire that is used
a Goodyear-Healey Rebound Pendulum (Withdrawn
as a control tire or surface monitoring tire (for example,
3
2010)
Specification E1136 and F2493 tires). F538
4. Design and Construction
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
4.1 The P195/75R14 standard reference test tire shall fea-
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
ture the steel-belted radial technology and an all-season tread
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1136–93 (2003).
design(seeFig.1andFig.2),andwithtechnologyasdescribed
DOI: 10.1520/E1136-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or in Sections 5-7.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from the Rubber Manufacturers Association 1400 K Street, N.W.
www.astm.org. Washington, D.C. 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1136−10
FIG. 2 Side View of the P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference
Test Tire
5.2 Tread compounding, fabric processing, and all the steps
in tire manufacturing shall be controlled to ensure minimum
FIG. 1 Front View of the P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference
variability between tires.
Test Tire
5.3 The standard reference test tire shall be as origin
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1136–93 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: E1136 – 10
Standard Specification for
1
AP195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This specification covers the general requirements for a radial-ply standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this
specificationisprimarilyforuseasareferencefortiretractionperformanceevaluations,butmayalsobeusedforotherevaluations,
such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.
1.2This specification also provides a standard design of certified construction, accurate dimensions, and specifies a means of
storage.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P195/75R14 radial standard reference test tire. The tire covered
by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations,
but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.
1.1.1 A P225/60R16 97S (Specification F2493) tire is another standard reference test tire that is also used for these purposes.
Specification F2493 was originally published 2006 and continues to be used.
1.2 This specification provides a rim code diameter of 14, standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and
specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension
D1054 Test Method for Rubber PropertyResilience Using a Goodyear-Healey Rebound Pendulum
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness
D3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard
VulcanizedSheetsMaterials,Equipment,andProceduresforMixingStandardCompoundsandPreparingStandardVulcanized
Sheets
D7121 Test Method for Rubber PropertyResilience Using Schob Type Rebound Pendulum
E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems
F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
F2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology F538.
3.1.2 all-season tread, n—tread design providing dry, wet, and snow traction performance for an optimized balance for
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published March 2004. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1136–93 (1998). DOI:
10.1520/E1136-93R03.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1136 – 93 (2003). DOI:
10.1520/E1136-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E1136 – 10
year-round performance and which may meet the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA) definition for an M&S, M+S, M/S,
3
MS, etc. marked tire (see RMA “Snow Tire Definitions for Passenger and L
...