ASTM A1049/A1049M-18(2023)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment. The steels shall be manufactured using melting and forging processes. Forgings may be machined before solution annealing. The forgings shall undergo tension and hardness tests. Also, they shall be subjected to a non-destructive examination by ultrasonic inspection.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment in grades that are also found in Specification A182/A182M.
1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract any appropriate supplementary requirements that are provided in Specification A788/A788M.
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A1049/A1049M − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for
Pressure Vessels and Related Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1049/A1049M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
Forgings
1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex)
A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Aus-
stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and asso-
tenitic Steel Forgings
ciated equipment in grades that are also found in Specification
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
A182/A182M.
quirements
1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract any
A923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic
appropriate supplementary requirements that are provided in
Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
Specification A788/A788M.
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-
eral Industry
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
tion designation the material shall be furnished to the inch- G48 Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resis-
tance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of
pound units.
Ferric Chloride Solution
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric)
2.2 Other Standards:
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
NACE MR0175/ISO15156 Petroleum and Natural Gas
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Industries—Materials for Use in H S—Containing Envi-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ronments in Oil and Gas Production
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the specification.
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tional supplementary requirements.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
2.1 ASTM Standards: with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and
Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves 3.1.2 The purchaser may require that the forging be ma-
chined to an approved heat treatment drawing indicating the
and Parts for High-Temperature Service
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing proposed configuration of the forging at the time of the
specified solution heat treatment.
of Steel Products
3.1.3 The purchaser may approve the use of an alternate
liquid quenching medium for cooling from the solution treat-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
ment temperature.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved March 15, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A1049/A1049M – 18.
DOI: 10.1520/A1049_A1049M-18R23. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.asme.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from NACE International (NACE), 15835 Park Ten Place, Houston,
the ASTM website. TX 77084, http://www.nace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1049/A1049M − 18 (2023)
TABLE 2 Solution Heat Treatment
3.2 The purchaser shall specify the acceptance criteria for
A
either Methods B or C of Test Methods A923, if supplementary UNS Solution Temperature
Water Quench
Grade
Designation °F [°C] to Below °F [°C]
requirement S1 is selected.
S31200 F 50 1925 [1050] min 200 [95]
3.3 The purchaser shall specify the required minimum
S31803 F 51 1870 [1020] min 200 [95]
S32950 F 52 1825-1875 [1000-1025] 200 [95]
pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) value determined
S32750 F 53 1880 [1025] min 200 [95]
according to the applicable equation in Table 1.
S39274 F 54 1920-2060 [1050-1125] 200 [95]
S32760 F 55 2010-2085 [1100-1140] 200 [95]
3.4 When Practice A745/A745M is the basis for ultrasonic
S39277 F 57 1940 [1060] min 200 [95]
examination in accordance with 7.1, the purchaser shall specify
S32520 F 59 1975-2050 [1080-1120] 200 [95]
whether Quality levels 1 or 2 form the basis for acceptance. S32205 F 60 1870 [1020] min 200 [95]
S32550 F 61 1920-2060 [1050-1125] 200 [95]
Supplementary requirement S4 permits the purchaser to
A
Water quenching is required unless the use of another liquid quenching medium
specify Practice A388/A388M in lieu of Practice A745/
is approved by the purchaser (see 3.1.3).
A745M, in which case the purchaser must also specify the
acceptance criteria.
3.5 When Supplementary requirement S3, for pitting corro-
4.2.4 The forgings shall be held at the specified solution
sion testing, of Test Methods G48 is specified, the purchaser
treatment temperature for a minimum of 30 min per inch of
shall identify the method and test temperature to be used.
maximum heat-treated section thickness.
3.6 When Supplementary requirement S5 for the liquid
penetrant examination of forgings in the final machined con-
5. Chemical Requirements
figuration is specified, the purchaser shall specify the necessary
5.1 The heat analysis taken in accordance with Specification
acceptance criteria, if the requirements of S19 in Specification
A788/A788M shall comply with Table 1 for the ordered Grade.
A788/A788M are not sufficient.
5.2 A PREN value is included as a requirement in Table 1
depending on the specified Grade and this will further restrict
4. Materials and Manufacture
the chemical requirements.
4.1 Steel melting and forging shall be in accordance with
5.3 The manufacturer shall use the product analysis provi-
Specification A788/A788M.
sions of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a product analy-
4.2 Heat Treatment:
sis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.
4.2.1 Forgings may be machined before solution annealing
5.4 Dual marking is permitted when the actual values of the
at the manufacturer’s option, unless the purchaser requires that
listed elements match two or more of the Grades in Table 1;
machining to a prescribed configuration be done before heat
however, grade substitution such as combining a tungsten
treatment (see 3.2).
bearing Grade with one that has no requirement for tungsten is
4.2.2 All forgings shall be reheated to the required tempera-
not permitted.
ture for solution treatment followed, unless otherwise agreed
with the purchaser, by water quenching. With the purchaser’s
6. Mechanical Properties
consent (see 3.1.3) some other liquid quenching medium may
be used to rapidly cool the forging. 6.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the re-
4.2.3 The solution treatment temperature is dependant on quirements for mechanical properties prescribed in Table 3.
the ordered Grade or composition (UNS number) and shall be The mechanical testing requirements of Test Methods and
as listed in Table 2. Definitions A370 and Specification A788/A788M apply.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A A A A B B B A A A
Grade F50 F51 F52 F53 F54 F55 F57 F59 F60 F61
A A A A B B B A A A
UNS No. S31200 S31803 S32950 S32750 S39274 S32760 S39277 S32520 S32205 S32550
Carbon, max 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.04
Manganese, max 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.50 2.00 1.50
Phosphorous, max 0.045 0.030 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.035 0.030 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.002 0.020 0.020 0.030
Silicon, max 1.00 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.80 1.00 0.80 0.80 1.00 1.00
Nickel 5.5-6.5 4.5-6.5 3.5-5.2 6.0-8.0 6.
...
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