ASTM D1640-03(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to determine the various stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of organic coatings for the purpose of comparing types of coatings or ingredient changes, or both. This is significant in the development of organic coatings for various end uses and also for production quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of organic coatings normally used under conditions of ambient room temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1640 − 03 (Reapproved2009)
Standard Test Methods for
Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at
Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Coatings and Recommended Film Thicknesses
4.1 Whenever tests are to be performed on coatings not
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
listed in Table 1, there should be a prior agreement between the
various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or
purchaser and seller as to the substrate, film thickness, and
curing of organic coatings normally used under conditions of
application method for testing the specific coating involved.
ambient room temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5. Test Conditions
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5.1 Conduct all drying tests in a well-ventilated room or
only.
chamber, free from direct drafts, dust, products of combustion,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
laboratory fumes and under diffused light (see 5.4). Make all
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurements at a temperature of 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5%
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
relative humidity with the coated panels in a horizontal
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
position while drying.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Tests should be carried out at practical viscosities at
which films can be applied to the proper film thickness with
2. Referenced Documents
resultant good flow and leveling properties. In the absence of
any specific material specification, instructions for preparation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the film should be determined and agreed upon between the
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
purchaser and the seller.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
5.3 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
commensurate with performance characteristics expected un-
der actual usage for the type under test. All testing should be
3. Significance and Use
done within an area, any point of which is not less than 15 mm
( ⁄2 in.) from the film edge.
3.1 These test methods are used to determine the various
stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of
5.4 Light Conditions—Illumination of the films during the
organic coatings for the purpose of comparing types of
entiredryingtestperiodfromnormallaboratoryorskysources,
coatings or ingredient changes, or both. This is significant in
never from direct sunlight or other sources high in nonvisible
the development of organic coatings for various end uses and
radiant energy.
also for production quality control.
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
6.1 Carry out all tests as described in 6.1.1, 6.1.2 and 6.1.3,
1 unless otherwise noted.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
6.1.1 All test specimens shall be prepared and tested by one
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint
operator properly skilled in the methods to be used. Apply the
Films.
specimens in duplicate at a time arranged so that examination
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
intervals will fall within the normal working hours of the
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1640 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/D1640-03R09.
operator.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1.2 Apply the materials to be tested on clean glass panels
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
or other specific substrate of suitable dimensions agreed upon
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. between the purchaser and the seller. Ground-glass plates are
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1640 − 03 (2009)
TABLE 1 Recommended Film Thickness of Materials to be
7.4.1 Mechanical Test Method (Tack Tester )—The tack
A
Tested
tester to be used in this method comprises essentially a base or
Material Dry Film Thickness
surface-contacting portion 25-mm (1-in.) square and a counter-
B
Drying oils 1.25 ± 0.25 mil (32 ± 6 µm)
balancing portion 25 by 50 mm (1 by 2 in.) in area. Both
Varnishes 1 ± 0.1 mil (25±2µm)
portionsaremadeupfromacontinuousmetalstrip0.41to0.46
Lacquers 0.5 ± 0.1 mil (12.5 ± 2 µm) (See 7.5.2)
Resin solutions 0.5 ± 0.1 mil (12.5±2µm)
mm (0.016 to 0.018 in.) in thickness. To prepare the apparatus
Enamels 1.5 ± 0.25 mil (36.5±6µm)
for use (see 7.4.1.1), fit the base with several thicknesses of
Oil paints 1.8 ± 0.2 mil (45 ± 2.5 µm) (See 6.1.2 )
masking tape and paper strips to provide a means of attaching
Water paints 1 ± 0.1 mil (25 ± 2 µm)
the aluminum foil and so adjust the angle of the 1 by 2-in.
A
This table is a general guide to be used when nothing more specific is agreed
upon between the purchaser and the seller. counter-balancing strip so that a weight of 5 g placed in the
B
See 6.1.2 and 7.5.1. Add driers a minimum of 24 h before test.
geometric center of the base portion is just sufficient to
overcome the unbalanced force.
7.4.1.1 The tester is prepared for use by carrying out the
following steps in sequence:
(1) Wrapthemetalbasewiththreethicknessesofmasking
more suitable for certain types of coatings that tend to crawl,
tape, sticky side out,
such as low-viscosity drying oils. Suitable plates can be
(2) Cover the outer layer with a good grade of paper,
prepared by roughening the surface of polished glass by
except for two exposed strips, equally spaced, about ⁄4 by 1 in.
grinding a paste of silicon carbide (grit 1-F) and water between
(6.4 by 25 mm) in area on the top of the tester, and
two glass plates.
(3) Cover the paper on the contact side of the base with
6.1.3 The test films preferably shall be cast with a doctor
one thickness of pressure-sensitive cellulose tape previously
blade having a clearance sufficient to give the recommended
fixed to the metal base of the tester. The cellulose tape serves
dry film thickness indicated in Table 1. When a suitable doctor
two purposes:
blade is not available, or it has been agreed upon to apply the
First, to pull the layers of masking tape firmly against the
film in some other manner, the various conventional and
front of the metal base, and
automatic methods
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1640–03 Designation:D1640–03(Reapproved2009)
Standard Test Methods for
Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at
Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of
organic coatings normally used under conditions of ambient room temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D 1005 Test MethodsMethod for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
3. Significance and Use
3.1 These test methods are used to determine the various stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of organic
coatings for the purpose of comparing types of coatings or ingredient changes, or both. This is significant in the development of
organic coatings for various end uses and also for production quality control.
4. Coatings and Recommended Film Thicknesses
4.1 Whenever tests are to be performed on coatings not listed in Table 1, there should be a prior agreement between the
purchaser and seller as to the substrate, film thickness, and application method for testing the specific coating involved.
5. Test Conditions
5.1 Conduct all drying tests in a well-ventilated room or chamber, free from direct drafts, dust, products of combustion,
laboratory fumes and under diffused light (see 5.4). Make all measurements at a temperature of 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5 % relative
humidity with the coated panels in a horizontal position while drying.
5.2 Tests should be carried out at practical viscosities at which films can be applied to the proper film thickness with resultant
good flow and leveling properties. In the absence of any specific material specification, instructions for preparation of the film
should be determined and agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
5.3 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses commensurate with performance characteristics expected under actual
usage for the type under test. All testing should be done within an area, any point of which is not less than 15 mm ( ⁄2 in.) from
the film edge.
5.4 LightConditions—Illuminationofthefilmsduringtheentiredryingtestperiodfromnormallaboratoryorskysources,never
from direct sunlight or other sources high in nonvisible radiant energy.
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
6.1 Carry out all tests as described in 6.1.1, 6.1.2 and 6.1.3, unless otherwise noted.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films .
Current edition approved Dec.Aug. 1, 2003.2009. Published December 2003.August 2009. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 19952003 as
D1640–95(1999). D 1640 – 03.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1640–03 (2009)
TABLE 1 Recommended Film Thickness of Materials to be
A
Tested
Material Dry Film Thickness
B
Drying oils 1.25 6 0.25 mil (32 6 6 µm)
Varnishes 1 6 0.1 mil (25 6 2 µm)
Lacquers 0.5 6 0.1 mil (12.5 6 2 µm) (See 7.5.2)
Resin solutions 0.5 6 0.1 mil (12.5 6 2 µm)
Enamels 1.5 6 0.25 mil (36.5 6 6 µm)
Oil paints 1.8 6 0.2 mil (45 6 2.5 µm) (See 6.1.2 )
Water paints 1 6 0.1 mil (25 6 2 µm)
A
This table is a general guide to be used when nothing more specific is agreed
upon between the purchaser and the seller.
B
See 6.1.2 and 7.5.1. Add driers a minimum of 24 h before test.
6.1.1 All test specimens shall be prepared and tested by one operator properly skilled in the methods to be used. Apply the
specimens in duplicate at a time arranged so that examination intervals will fall within the normal working hours of the operator.
6.1.2 Apply the materials to be tested on clean glass panels or other specific substrate of suitable dimensions agreed upon
between the purchaser and the seller. Ground-glass plates are more suitable for certain types of coatings that tend to crawl, such
as low-viscosity drying oils. Suitable plates can be prepared by roughening the surface of polished glass by grinding a paste of
silicon carbide (grit 1-F) and water between two glass plates.
6.1.3 The test films preferably shall be cast with a doctor blade having a clearance sufficient to give the recommended dry film
thickness indicated in Table 1. When a suitable doctor blade is not available, or it has been agreed upon to apply the film in some
other manner, the various conventional and automatic methods of spray, dip, flow, and brush application may be used, provided
dry film thicknesses conform to the requirements given in Table 1. See Practices D 823 for a description of the spray and dip
methods of application.
6.1.4 Measure the dry film thickness of test films with the proper film thickness gage. This shall be a micrometer, dial
comparator, or dial indicator as described in Test Methods D 1005. When plates of small area are used, measurement of dry film
thickness can be made by weighing plates before and after coating and calculating from plate area and coating solids.
7. Procedure
7.1 When test methods or end points other than those listed in 7.2-7.8 are used, there shall be a prior agreement between the
purchaser and the seller.
7.2 Set-To-TouchTime—Todetermineset-to-touchtime,lightlytouchthetestfilmwiththetipofacleanfingerandimmediately
place the fingertip against a piece of clean, clear glass. Observe if any of the coating is transferred to the glass. For the purpose
of this test, the pressure of the fingertip against the coating shall not be greater than that required to transfer a spot
...
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