ASTM B243-09a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
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Designation:B243–09a
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
lurgy terms.
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
2. Referenced Documents 3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Postsinter Treatments:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
5. Miscellaneous:
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, character-
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
ization, use, and testing of metal powders.
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.1 Table of Contents
3.1.2 General:
1. Powders:
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1.0 General, 3.1.2
cooling rate, n—the average temperature change per second
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
between prescribed temperatures during the cooling phase of a
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
thermal process.
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys,
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
particulate matter, n—see powder.
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
mm) in size.
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of
2. Forming:
metal powders.
2.0 General, 3.2.1
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
2.2 Conditions of Compacting,
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
mechanical means.
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
asolutionofitssaltsbytheadditionofanothermetalorreagent
to the solution.
3. Sintering:
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced
bythereductionofametalfromasolutionofitssaltseitherby
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
the addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
or by other reducing agent.
mittee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published March 2010. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B243–09. DOI:
according to particle size.
10.1520/B0243-09A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–09a
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to powder mixture, n—a powder made by mixing two or more
powder. powders of differing chemical composition, particle size dis-
tribution, particle shape, or a combination of these character-
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
istics.
size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
pre-alloyed powder, n—powder composed of two or more
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by
elements that are alloyed in the powder manufacturing process
pouringthemoltenmetalthroughascreenintowater(shotting)
in which the particles are of the same nominal composition
or by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
throughout. Synonymous with completely alloyed powder.
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or
premix, n—a uniform mixture of ingredients to a prescribed
metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or
analysis, prepared by the powder producer, for direct use in
shape of the individual particles or to coat one component of
compacting powder metallurgy products.
the mixture with another.
sponge iron, n—a coherent, porous mass of substantially
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal
pure iron
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B243–09 Designation:B243–09a
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
3.1.1 Table of Contents
1. Powders:
1.0 General, 3.1.2
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
2. Forming:
2.0 General, 3.2.1
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
2.2 Tools Used for Compacting,
2.2 Conditions of Compacting,
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
2.32.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
2.4 Types of Cracks, 3.2.5
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
3. Sintering:
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Jan. 1,Dec. 15, 2009. Published March 2009.2010. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 as
B243–08a.B243–09. DOI: 10.1520/B0243-09A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–09a
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
4. Postsinter Treatments:
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
5. Miscellaneous :
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.2 General:
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
cooling rate, n—the average temperature change per second between prescribed temperatures during the cooling phase of a
thermal process.
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys, normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
particulate matter, n—see powder.
PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size. Synonymous with particulate matter.
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of metal powders.
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
atomization, n—thedispersionofamoltenmetalintoparticlesbyarapidlymovinggasorliquidstreamorbymechanicalmeans.
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or reagent
to the solution.
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts either by the
addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series or by other reducing agent.
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions according to particle size.
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to powder.
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by pouring the molten metal through a screen into water (shotting) or
by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or shape of
the individual particles or to coat one component of the mixture with another.
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal powder by mechanical means, a specific type of disintegration.
reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
compounds.
3.1.4 Types of Powder:
at
...
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