ASTM C1615/C1615M-17(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Mechanical Drive Systems for Remote Operation in Hot Cell Facilities
Standard Guide for Mechanical Drive Systems for Remote Operation in Hot Cell Facilities
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Mechanical drive systems operability and long-term integrity are concerns that should be addressed primarily during the design phase; however, problems identified during fabrication and testing should be resolved and the changes in the design documented. Equipment operability and integrity can be compromised during handling and installation sequences. For this reason, the subject equipment should be handled and installed under closely controlled and supervised conditions.
4.2 This standard is intended as a supplement to other standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for this use.
4.3 This standard is intended to be generic and to apply to a wide range of types and configurations of mechanical drive systems.
SCOPE
1.1 Intent:
1.1.1 The intent of this standard is to provide general guidelines for the design, selection, quality assurance, installation, operation, and maintenance of mechanical drive systems used in remote hot cell environments. The term mechanical drive systems used herein, encompasses all individual components used for imparting motion to equipment systems, subsystems, assemblies, and other components. It also includes complete positioning systems and individual units that provide motive power and any position indicators necessary to monitor the motion.
1.2 Applicability:
1.2.1 This standard is intended to be applicable to equipment used under one or more of the following conditions:
1.2.1.1 The materials handled or processed constitute a significant radiation hazard to man or to the environment.
1.2.1.2 The equipment will generally be used over a long-term life cycle (for example, in excess of two years), but equipment intended for use over a shorter life cycle is not excluded.
1.2.1.3 The equipment can neither be accessed directly for purposes of operation or maintenance, nor can the equipment be viewed directly, for example, without radiation shielding windows, periscopes, or a video monitoring system (Guides C1572 and C1661).
1.2.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 User Caveats:
1.3.1 This standard is not a substitute for applied engineering skills, proven practices and experience. Its purpose is to provide guidance.
1.3.1.1 The guidance set forth in this standard relating to design of equipment is intended only to alert designers and engineers to those features, conditions, and procedures that have been found necessary or highly desirable to the design, selection, operation and maintenance of mechanical drive systems for the subject service conditions.
1.3.1.2 The guidance set forth results from discoveries of conditions, practices, features, or lack of features that were found to be sources of operational or maintenance problems, or causes of failure.
1.3.2 This standard does not supersede federal or state regulations, or both, and codes applicable to equipment under any conditions.
1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1615/C1615M − 17 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Mechanical Drive Systems for Remote Operation in Hot Cell
Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1615/C1615M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3.1.1 The guidance set forth in this standard relating to
design of equipment is intended only to alert designers and
1.1 Intent:
engineers to those features, conditions, and procedures that
1.1.1 The intent of this standard is to provide general
have been found necessary or highly desirable to the design,
guidelines for the design, selection, quality assurance,
selection, operation and maintenance of mechanical drive
installation, operation, and maintenance of mechanical drive
systems for the subject service conditions.
systems used in remote hot cell environments. The term
1.3.1.2 The guidance set forth results from discoveries of
mechanical drive systems used herein, encompasses all indi-
conditions, practices, features, or lack of features that were
vidual components used for imparting motion to equipment
foundtobesourcesofoperationalormaintenanceproblems,or
systems,subsystems,assemblies,andothercomponents.Italso
causes of failure.
includescompletepositioningsystemsandindividualunitsthat
1.3.2 This standard does not supersede federal or state
provide motive power and any position indicators necessary to
regulations, or both, and codes applicable to equipment under
monitor the motion.
any conditions.
1.2 Applicability:
1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2.1 This standard is intended to be applicable to equip-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ment used under one or more of the following conditions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2.1.1 The materials handled or processed constitute a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
significant radiation hazard to man or to the environment.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2.1.2 The equipment will generally be used over a long-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
term life cycle (for example, in excess of two years), but
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
equipment intended for use over a shorter life cycle is not
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
excluded.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2.1.3 The equipment can neither be accessed directly for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
purposes of operation or maintenance, nor can the equipment
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
be viewed directly, for example, without radiation shielding
windows, periscopes, or a video monitoring system (Guides
2. Referenced Documents
C1572 and C1661).
2.1 Industry and National Consensus Standards—
1.2.2 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunits
Nationally recognized industry and consensus standards which
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
may be applicable in whole or in part to the design, selection,
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
quality insurance, installation, operation, and maintenance of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
equipment are referenced throughout this standard and include
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the following:
with the standard.
2.2 ASTM Standards:
1.3 User Caveats:
ASTM/IEEE SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
1.3.1 This standard is not a substitute for applied engineer-
System of Units
ing skills, proven practices and experience. Its purpose is to
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
provide guidance.
C1533 Guide for General Design Considerations for Hot
Cell Equipment
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel
Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1615/C1615M – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1615_C1615M-17R22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1615/C1615M − 17 (2022)
C1554 Guide for Materials Handling Equipment for Hot 3.1.2 For definitions of general terms used to describe
Cells nuclear materials, hot cells, and hot cell equipment, refer to
C1572 Guide for Dry Lead Glass and Oil-Filled Lead Glass Terminology C859.
Radiation Shielding Window Components for Remotely 3.2 Definitions:
Operated Facilities 3.2.1 encoders, n—for the purpose of this standard, are
C1661 Guide for Viewing Systems for Remotely Operated measuring devices that detect changes in rotary or linear
Facilities motion, direction of movement, and relative position by
2.3 Other Standards: producing electrical signals using sensors and an optical disk.
NEMA MG1 Motors and Generators
3.2.2 inert gas, n—atypeofcommercialgrademoisturefree
AGMA 390.0 American Gear Manufacturers Association,
gas, usually argon or nitrogen that is present in the hot cell.
Gear Handbook
3.2.3 linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), n—a
ANS Design Guides for Radioactive Material Handling
transducer for linear displacement measurement that converts
Facilities and Equipment
mechanical motion into an electrical signal that can be
ASME B17.1 Keys and Keyseats
metered, recorded, or transmitted.
NLGI American Standard Classification of Lubricating
3.2.4 mechanical drive systems, n—refers to but is not
Grease
limited to motors, gears, resolvers, encoders, bearings,
ASME NOG-1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers
couplings, bushings, lubricants, solenoids, shafts, pneumatic
Committee on Cranes for Nuclear Facilities – Rules for
cylinders, and lead screws.
Construction of Overhead and Gantry Cranes
ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Requirements for
3.2.5 resolvers, n—for the purpose of this standard, are
Nuclear Facility Applications rotationalpositionmeasuringdevicesthatareessentiallyrotary
ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9001 Quality Management Standard Re-
transformerswithsecondarywindingsontherotorandstatorat
quirements right angles to the other windings.
NCRP Report No. 82 SI Units in Radiation Protection and
4. Significance and Use
Measurements
ICRU Report 10b Physical Aspects of Irradiation
4.1 Mechanical drive systems operability and long-term
CERN 70-5 Effects of Radiation on Materials and Compo-
integrity are concerns that should be addressed primarily
nents
during the design phase; however, problems identified during
2.4 Federal Standards and Regulations:
fabrication and testing should be resolved and the changes in
10CFR 830.120, Subpart A Nuclear Safety Management
the design documented. Equipment operability and integrity
Quality Assurance Requirements
can be compromised during handling and installation se-
10CFR 50 Quality Assurance Criteria for Nuclear Power
quences. For this reason, the subject equipment should be
Plants and Fuel Reprocessing Plants
handled and installed under closely controlled and supervised
40CFR 260-279 Solid Waste Regulations – Resource Con-
conditions.
servation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
4.2 This standard is intended as a supplement to other
standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and
3. Terminology
criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for this
3.1 General Considerations:
use.
3.1.1 The terminology employed in this standard conforms
with industry practice insofar as practicable. 4.3 This standard is intended to be generic and to apply to a
wide range of types and configurations of mechanical drive
systems.
Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300
N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http://www.nema.org.
Available from American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA), 500 5. Quality Assurance and Quality Requirements
Montgomery St., Suite 350, Alexandria, VA 22314-1581, http://www.agma.org.
5.1 The owner-operator should administer a quality assur-
Available from ANS, 555 North Kensington Avenue, LaGrange Park, Ilinois
ance program approved by the agency of jurisdiction. QA
60526.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
programs may be required to comply with 10CFR 50, Appen-
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
dix B, 10CFR 830.120, Subpart A, ASME NQA-1, or ISO
www.asme.org.
7 Q9001.
Available from NLGI, 4635 Wyondotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64112.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
5.2 The owner-operator should require appropriate quality
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
9 assurance of purchased mechanical drive systems and compo-
Available from National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements,
7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095. nents to assure proper fit up, operation and reliability of the
Available from International Commission on Radiation Units and
equipment in the hot cell.
Measurements, Inc., 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-
3095.
6. General Requirements
Available from CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-
1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland.
6.1 For safe and efficient operation, a minimum number of
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of
mechanical drive system components should be placed in a hot
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401,
http://www.access.gpo.gov. cell. Unnecessary equipment in a cell adds to the cost of
C1615/C1615M − 17 (2022)
operating and maintaining the cell and adds to the eventual 7.5 Polyetheretherketone is a recommended plastic material
decontamination and disposal costs of hot cell equipment. A for seals, valve seats, and other applications because of its
thorough review of the mechanical drive systems necessary to resistance to beta and gamma radiation.
perform the hot cell operations should be performed prior to
introducing the equipment into the hot cell.
8. Equipment Selection
8.1 General:
6.2 All hot cell equipment should be handled with extreme
8.1.1 Mechanical drive system components should be se-
care during transfers and installation sequences to ensure
lected based on their operability and reliability in a high
against collision damage.
radiationorhighcontaminationenvironment,orbemodifiedin
6.3 Installation should be planned and sequenced so that
awaythatwillextendtheequipmentservicelifeoreaseofuse.
other equipment is not handled above and around previously
The installation position, the orientation, and the attachment
installed components to the extent practicable.
methods should be such as to simplify removal and replace-
6.4 Principles of good modular design and standardization ment of mechanical equipment susceptible to periodic mainte-
should be considered for maintainability of equipment during nance or unpredictable failure.
its design life. Determination should be made early in the
8.2 Motors:
design at which level of subassembly the equipment will be
8.2.1 General:
disassembled and replaced if necessary. The optimal level is
8.2.1.1 Avariety of motors may be used in a high radiation
strongly influenced by the estimated maintenance time and
hot cell environment. More than one type of motor may work
associated cell down time costs, radiation exposure to
for the same application. Motor selection depends on many
personnel, and disposal costs for the failed subassembly.
factors, such as the required speed, torque or horsepower,
Design with standardized fasteners and other components to
physical frame size, voltage requirements, enclosure type,
limit the inventory of tools needed for maintenance. Use
mounting requirements, bearing type, service factor, and duty
prudent judgement in the selection of fastening materials to
cycle. The longevity of a motor in a hot cell environment
avoid galling problems, especially when using stainless steel
depends on several variables such as the hot cell atmosphere,
fasteners.
the amount of moisture and corrosive fumes in the atmosphere,
the quality of the motor, the materials of construction, and the
6.5 Equipment intended for use in hot cells should be tested
radiation exposure to the motor.
and qualified in a mock-up facility prior to installation in the
8.2.1.2 Motors smaller than 7500 watts [10 hp] are usually
hot cell. C1533
pre-lubricated at the factory and will operate for long periods
6.6 Where possible, electrical and instrumentation controls,
of time under normal service conditions without requiring
readouts, and alarms for mechanical drive systems should be
periodic lubrication. The bearings of larger motors however,
located outside of the hot cell.
mayrequireperiodiclubricationusinghigh-qualitygreasewith
6.7 Consideration should be given to the materials of a consistency suitable for the motor’s insulation class. Motors
with sealed-for-life lubricated bearings are preferred over
construction for hot cell equipment and their ultimate disposal
per RCRA jurisdiction. 40CFR260-279 motors that require periodic lubrication. Refer to the section on
lubrication for lubricants recommended for hot cell
applications, 8.5 and Fig. 1.
7. Materials of Construction
8.2.1.3 Capacitor start, single-phase, alternating current
7.1 Plastics, elastomers, resins, bonding agents, solid state
(AC) motors have proven to be reliable in hot cells and are
devices, wire insulation, thermal insulation materials, paints,
typically less expensive than direct current (DC) motors of
coatings, and other materials are subject to radiation damage
equivalent horsepower. Generally, AC motors are also smaller
and possible failure. Not all such materials and components
than DC motors for the same horsepower. This can be an
can be excluded from service in the subject environment.Their
advantage in some uses where a larger motor may adversely
use should be caref
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.