ASTM D2270-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index From Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index From Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The viscosity index is a widely used and accepted measure of the variation in kinematic viscosity due to changes in the temperature of a petroleum product between 40 and 100°C.
A higher viscosity index indicates a smaller decrease in kinematic viscosity with increasing temperature of the lubricant.
The viscosity index is used in practice as a single number indicating temperature dependence of kinematic viscosity.
Viscosity Index is sometimes used to characterize base oils for purposes of establishing engine testing requirements for engine oil performance categories.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the viscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils, and related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 and 100°C.
Note 1—The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kinematic viscosities determined at 40 and 100°C are virtually the same as those obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscosities determined at 37.78 and 98.89°C.
1.2 This practice does not apply to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm2/s at 100°C. Table 1 given in this practice applies to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities between 2 and 70 mm2/s at 100°C. Equations are provided for calculating viscosity index for petroleum products having kinematic viscosities above 70 mm2/s at 100°C.
1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not available at temperatures of 40 and 100°C, an estimate may be made of the viscosity index by calculating the kinematic viscosity at temperatures of 40 and 100°C from data obtained at other temperatures. Such viscosity index data may be considered as suitable for information only and not for specification purposes. See Test Method D341, Annex A1.
1.3 The kinematic viscosity values are determined with reference to a value of 1.0034 mm2/s at 20.00°C for distilled water. The determination of the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with Test Methods D445, D7042, IP 71, or ISO 3104.
1.3.1 If Viscosity Index calculated for a given sample using kinematic viscosity measurements from different test methods are in disagreement, the values calculated from Test Method measurements shall be accepted.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-6m2/s = 1 cSt.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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British Standard 4459
Designation:D2270–10
Designation: 226/91(95)
Standard Practice for
Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40
1
and 100°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* petroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with Test
2 Methods D445, D7042, IP 71,or ISO 3104.
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the
1.3.1 If Viscosity Index calculated for a given sample using
viscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils,
kinematic viscosity measurements from different test methods
and related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 and
are in disagreement, the values calculated from Test Method
100°C.
D445 measurements shall be accepted.
NOTE 1—The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kine-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
matic viscosities determined at 40 and 100°C are virtually the same as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
those obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscosities
standard.
determined at 37.78 and 98.89°C.
1.4.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
1.2 This practice does not apply to petroleum products with 2 -6 2
standard. For user reference, 1 mm/s=10 m /s = 1 cSt.
2
kinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm /s at 100°C. Table 1
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
given in this practice applies to petroleum products with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
kinematic viscosities between 2 and 70 mm /s at 100°C.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Equations are provided for calculating viscosity index for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
petroleum products having kinematic viscosities above
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
70 mm /s at 100°C.
1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not avail-
2. Referenced Documents
ableattemperaturesof40and100°C,anestimatemaybemade 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the viscosity index by calculating the kinematic viscosity at
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid
temperatures of 40 and 100°C from data obtained at other
Petroleum Products
temperatures. Such viscosity index data may be considered as
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
suitable for information only and not for specification pur-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
poses. See Test Method D341, Annex A1.
ity)
1.3 The kinematic viscosity values are determined with
D1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
2
reference to a value of 1.0034 mm /s at 20.00°C for distilled
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
water. The determination of the kinematic viscosity of a
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
Kinematic Viscosity)
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
4
Flow Properties. 2.2 ISO Standards:
In the IP, this practice is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque
and issued under the fixed designation IP 226. The final number indicates the year
of last revision.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2270–04. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D2270-10. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
Supporting data (Metrication of Viscosity Index System Method D2270) have the ASTM website.
4
been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Research Report RR:D02-1009. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D2270–10
Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-
where:
culat
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
British Standard 4459
Designation:D2270–04 Designation: D2270 – 10
Designation: 226/91 (95)
Standard Practice for
Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40
1
and 100°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the viscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils, and
related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 and 100°C.
NOTE 1—Theresultsobtainedfromthecalculationof VIfromkinematicviscositiesdeterminedat40and100°Carevirtuallythesameasthoseobtained
from the former VI system using kinematic viscosities determined at 37.78 and 98.89°C.
1.1.1Procedure A—For petroleum products of viscosity index up to and including 100.
1.1.2Procedure B—For petroleum products of which the viscosity index is 100 or greater.
1.2This standard does not apply to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm
2
1.2 This practice does not apply to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm/s (cSt) at 100°C. Table
2
1Table1 given in this practice applies to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities between 2 and 70 mm /s (cSt) at 100°C.
2
Equations are provided for calculating viscosity index for petroleum products having kinematic viscosities above 70mm /s (cSt)
at 100°C.
2 −6 2
NOTE2—1 cSt=1 mm /s=10 m /s. /s at 100°C.
1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not available at temperatures of 40 and 100°C, an estimate may be made of
the viscosity index by calculating the kinematic viscosity at temperatures of 40 and 100°C from data obtained at other
temperatures.Suchviscosityindexdatamaybeconsideredassuitableforinformationonlyandnotforspecificationpurposes.See
Test Method D341, Annex A1.
2
1.3 Thekinematicviscosityvaluesaredeterminedwithreferencetoavalueof1.0034mm /s(cSt)at20.00°Cfordistilledwater.
The determination of the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with Test Methods D445,
D7042, IP 71, ISO 3104, or ISO 2909, or ISO 3104.
1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3.1 If Viscosity Index calculated for a given sample using kinematic viscosity measurements from different test methods are
in disagreement, the values calculated from Test Method D445 measurements shall be accepted.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2 -6 2
1.4.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. For user reference, 1 mm/s=10 m /s = 1 cSt.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow
Properties.
In the IP, this practice is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee and issued under the fixed designation IP 226. The final number indicates the year of
last revision.
Current edition approved Nov.Oct. 1, 2004.2010. Published November 2004.2010. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
D2270–93(1998).D2270–04. DOI: 10.1520/D2270-104.
2
Supportingdata(MetricationofViscosityIndexSystemMethodD2270)havebeenfiledatASTMInternationalHeadquartersandmaybeobtainedbyrequestingResearch
Report RR:D02-1009.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2270 – 10
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives Terminology of Cellulose and
...
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