ASTM D4648/D4648M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for SaturatedFine-Grained Clayey Soil
Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated<brk/>Fine-Grained Clayey Soil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The miniature vane shear test may be used to obtain estimates of the undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils. The test provides a rapid determination of the shear strength on undisturbed, or remolded or reconstituted soils.
Note 2: Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D3740 provides a means for evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the miniature vane test in very soft to stiff saturated fine-grained clayey soils (φ = 0). Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and interpretation of the test results.
Note 1: It is recommended that the miniature vane test be conducted in fine-grained, predominately clay soils with an undrained shear strength less than 1.0 tsf [100 kPa]. Vane failure conditions in higher strength clay and predominantly silty soils may deviate from the assumed cylindrical failure surface, thereby causing error in the measured strength.
1.2 These test methods include the use of both conventional calibrated torque spring units (Method A) and electrical torque transducer units (Method B) with a motorized miniature vane shear device.
1.3 Laboratory vane is an ideal tool to investigate strength anisotropy in the vertical and horizontal directions, if suitable samples (specimens) are available.
1.4 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4648/D4648M − 16
Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated
1
Fine-Grained Clayey Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4648/D4648M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertheminiaturevanetestinvery
soft to stiff saturated fine-grained clayey soils (φ=0). Knowl-
2. Referenced Documents
edge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be
2
made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
interpretation of the test results. D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
NOTE 1—It is recommended that the miniature vane test be conducted
D1587Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-
in fine-grained, predominately clay soils with an undrained shear strength
Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
less than 1.0 tsf [100 kPa].Vane failure conditions in higher strength clay
and predominantly silty soils may deviate from the assumed cylindrical
D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
failure surface, thereby causing error in the measured strength.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1.2 These test methods include the use of both conventional D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
calibrated torque spring units (MethodA) and electrical torque (Visual-Manual Procedure)
transducer units (Method B) with a motorized miniature vane D2573Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated
shear device. Fine-Grained Soils
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.3 Laboratory vane is an ideal tool to investigate strength
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
anisotropy in the vertical and horizontal directions, if suitable
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
samples (specimens) are available.
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
1.4 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the
Samples
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Practice D6026.
Data
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 3. Terminology
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 Definitions:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
to Terminology D653.
with the standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
3.2.1 torque—the product of the magnitude of a force and
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force
(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformass
from a specified axis of rotation.
isslugs.Therationalizedslugunitisnotgiven,unlessdynamic
3.2.2 torque spring—an elastic spring that can be calibrated
(F = ma) calculations are involved.
to provide a measure of torque that is proportional to the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rotation (about a central longitudinal axis) of one end of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
spring relative to a fixed condition at the opposite end of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
spring.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
2
Compressibility of Soils. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4648/D4648M – 13. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4648_D4648M-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4648/D4648M − 16
3.2.3 torque
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4648/D4648M − 13 D4648/D4648M − 16
Standard Test MethodMethods for
Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated
1
Fine-Grained Clayey Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4648/D4648M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 ThisThese test method coversmethods cover the miniature vane test in very soft to stiff saturated fine-grained clayey soils
(φ = 0). Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the applicability
and interpretation of the test results.
NOTE 1—It is recommended that the miniature vane test be conducted in fine-grained, predominately clay soils with an undrained shear strength less
than 1.0 tsf [100 kPa]. Vane failure conditions in higher strength clay and predominantly silty soils may deviate from the assumed cylindrical failure
surface, thereby causing error in the measured strength.
1.2 ThisThese test method includesmethods include the use of both conventional calibrated torque spring units (Method A) and
electrical torque transducer units (Method B) with a motorized miniature vane shear device.
1.3 Laboratory vane is an ideal tool to investigate strength anisotropy in the vertical and horizontal directions, if suitable
samples (specimens) are available.
1.4 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F =
ma) calculations are involved.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated Fine-Grained Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
Compressibility of Soils.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2016. Published March 2013January 2016. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 as
D4648/D4648M – 10.13. DOI: 10.1520/D4648_D4648M-13.10.1520/D4648_D4648M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4648/D4648M − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 torque—the product of the magnitude of a force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force from a
spe
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4648/D4648M − 16
Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated
1
Fine-Grained Clayey Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4648/D4648M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 These test methods cover the miniature vane test in very
soft to stiff saturated fine-grained clayey soils (φ = 0). Knowl-
2. Referenced Documents
edge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be
2
made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
interpretation of the test results. D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
NOTE 1—It is recommended that the miniature vane test be conducted
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-
in fine-grained, predominately clay soils with an undrained shear strength
Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
less than 1.0 tsf [100 kPa]. Vane failure conditions in higher strength clay
and predominantly silty soils may deviate from the assumed cylindrical
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
failure surface, thereby causing error in the measured strength.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1.2 These test methods include the use of both conventional D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
calibrated torque spring units (Method A) and electrical torque (Visual-Manual Procedure)
transducer units (Method B) with a motorized miniature vane D2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated
shear device. Fine-Grained Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.3 Laboratory vane is an ideal tool to investigate strength
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
anisotropy in the vertical and horizontal directions, if suitable
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
samples (specimens) are available.
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
1.4 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the
Samples
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Practice D6026.
Data
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 Definitions:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
to Terminology D653.
with the standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
3.2.1 torque—the product of the magnitude of a force and
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass
from a specified axis of rotation.
is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic
3.2.2 torque spring—an elastic spring that can be calibrated
(F = ma) calculations are involved.
to provide a measure of torque that is proportional to the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rotation (about a central longitudinal axis) of one end of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
spring relative to a fixed condition at the opposite end of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
spring.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
2
Compressibility of Soils. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4648/D4648M – 13. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4648_D4648M-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4648/D4648M − 16
3.2.3 torque transducer—an electronic measuring device mended that the vane displace no more th
...
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